Climate Oscillations in Southern Bulgaria and Solar Activity: Analysis of Annual Rings of Needle Samples

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Abstract—The main subject of the study is an analysis of time series of the width of annual rings of spruce and pine (D) that were obtained during the...     

Solar Activity,Lightning and Climate

The physics of solar forcing of the climate and long term climate change is summarized, and the role of energetic charged particles (including cosmic rays) on cloud formation and their effect on climate is examined. It is considered that the cosmic ray-cloud cover hypothesis is not supported by presently available data and further investigations (during Forbush decreases and at other times) should be analyzed to further examine the hypothesis. Another player in climate is lightning through the production of NO_x; this greenhouse gas, water vapour in the troposphere (and stratosphere) and carbon dioxide influence the global temperature through different processes. The enhancement of aerosol concentrations and their distribution in the troposphere also affect the climate and may result in enhanced lightning activity. Finally, the roles of atmospheric conductivity on the electrical activity of thunderstorms and lightning discharges in relation to climate are discussed.     

Instability Conditions of Ion-Acoustic Oscillations in the Transition Region and Lower Solar Corona

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The preconditions for the formation of electron temperature jumps with scales comparable to the mean free path of electrons in the solar atmosphere are examined. In...     

Solar Activity and Cosmic Ray Influence on the Climate

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The solar activity cycles affect various parameters of surface areas, including rains, snow covers, river streamflows and other hydrological cycles. These processes are...     

Oscillations of the Microwave Emission of Solar Active Region 12673 before Flares

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - We present a study of quasi-periodic pulsations in the microwave emission from solar active region (AR) NOAA 12673, which produced the strongest flares of the 24th solar...     

Dynamic Characteristics of Area Variations of Small and Large Sunspots and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in Solar Activity

The spatiotemporal and chaotic dynamics of variations in area of sunspot groups related conventionally to small (area <50 Msh) and large (area >50 Msh) populations is analyzed. The Greenwich Observatory–Marshall Space Flight Center data were used. The results show that both sunspot populations have a single initial source, which is a magnetic flux generated by the dynamo process (presumably at the bottom of the convective zone) and is responsible for the 11—22-year periodicity of solar activity. A possible explanation of the revealed different behavior of the considered populations is that the magnetic flux is partially involved in another process responsible for the shaping of primarily very large sunspot groups. This process develops presumably in the upper layer of the convective zone with an unstable amplitude and a period varying within 1–2 years. The analysis of power spectrum of the Wolf number time series has indicated the difference between dynamic characteristics of the two studied processes.     

Indications of Changing Solar Activity and North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature in Fennoscandian Climate

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Solar-climatic correlations were examined over the timescales, corresponding to solar cycles of Schwabe, Hale and Gleissberg, during the last 3–4 centuries using...     

Damping of Fast Magnetoacoustic Oscillations in the Solar Coronal Loops

The damping of fast magnetoacoustic oscillations in the solar coronal loops due to radiation losses, viscosity, and the heat conductivity is investigated. The behavior of the function of radiation losses for various temperature Т ranges is considered. It was shown that, due to the radiation energy losses, the damping of oscillations in the ultraviolet loops with Т = 1–1.5 MK is more considerable than in the X-ray range with Т > 2 MK. The quality factor of oscillations is found to depend weakly on dissipative effects.     

Nonharmonic Oscillations of Solar Pores at the Dissipation Stage

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Long-term variations of the magnetic field of solitary solar pores with periods in the range of 4–12 h are detected with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI)...     

镜泊湖全新世火山喷发特征

本文概述镜泊湖全新世火山机构，并对其喷发类型、喷发方式及火山碎屑基浪堆积等特征进行讨论，指出镜泊湖全新世火山属于单成因火山；从喷发方式上看，它不属于中心式喷发，而是裂隙式喷发；火山碎屑基浪堆积的发现，否定了以往人们将火山渣层中花岗岩碎屑的成因认定是外动力地质作用的结果，指出它是玄武质岩浆遇水爆炸的产物，火山渣与花岗岩碎屑层之间不存在所谓“沉积间断”。这对恢复镜泊湖全新世火山活动历史，确定火山口周围环境有重要意义。     

Eutrophication of Surface Water in the Arctic Region

The problem of eutrophication of the surface water in the Arctic Regions is discussed. The natural hydrochemical indices of the trophic status of lakes are analyzed in connection with the landscape and physiographic features of the Kola Peninsula. The regular features of changes in the hydrochemical indices of the trophic status of lakes and the development of the process of eutrophication are analyzed in the case of subarctic Lake Imandra, which has been polluted with municipal and industrial (phosphorus-containing waste of the apatite production) wastewater for more than fifty years. Criteria are proposed for establishing and assessing water eutrophication in cold climate.     

Variable Solar Forcing and Climate Changes

Numerous studies of interrelations between solar activity and global climate changes report contradictory conclusions. The topic as such is too complex, and manifestations of the studied relationship appear to differ in time and space, and sometimes are even of the opposite sense, In this study the data on air temperature and precipitation totals from Hurbanovo, one of the oldest meteorological observatories in Europe, are used to study their evolution within the interval 1871–1995, covering solar cycles 12–22, The variability of the meteorological elements mentioned is compared with that of the sunspot number and aa index of geomagnetic activity. The sensitivity of climate changes to variable solar forcing is presented as a comparison of extreme (maximum/minimum) activity conditions. Harmonic components with periods close to the length of the solar secular and solar magnetic cycles were found in climate evolution profiles.     

Organic sources and carbon sequestration in Holocene shelf sediments from the western Arctic Ocean

To quantify changes in organic carbon inputs and preservation, sediments from the Northern Chukchi Sea spanning the last 9000 years of the Holocene period were collected during the HOTRAX expedition and analyzed. The multi-proxy approach included molecular organic markers, bulk carbon and isotope measurements plus more recent approaches to terrestrial carbon estimation (the BIT index of Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraethers). The upper 1100 cm of the core, corresponding to the last 7.4 ka, showed a relatively stable total organic carbon content of 1.13-1.38% which decreased below 1100 cm to 0.6%. C:N ratios ranged from 8.4 to 10.83 over the Holocene time period examined. The distribution of n-alcohols and n-alkanes revealed major contributions from long-chain n-alcohols and n-alkanes while minimal contributions were seen from short-chain n-alkanes. The majority of the total fatty acids was comprised of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with short-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acids present in similar concentrations throughout most of the core and monounsaturated fatty acids decreasing down-core. Total sterol concentrations showed considerable inputs from marine sterols, C₂₈Δ^5,22, C₂₈Δ^5,24(28) and dinosterol, as well as C₂₉Δ⁵, typically considered a terrestrial marker. The BIT indices for core sediments ranged from 0.021 to 0.216 with minor changes seen in older sequences. Overall, organic biomarkers indicate marine sources as the more dominant input of organic matter with lower but continual contributions from terrestrial sources at this location during the Holocene. The remarkable consistency among multiple molecular organic markers of both marine and terrestrial origin over the Holocene period encompassed by the core suggests that sinking material or surface sediments were heavily influenced by bottom currents or other mixing processes prior to their deposition.     

Holocene Dune Activity in the Thar Desert,India

The Thar Desert dune system in north-west India and eastern Pakistan provides a rich archive of past environmental, geomorphological and climatic change. Much of the knowledge about the timing of dune accumulation in the Thar stems from scattered and sporadic records, based on older luminescence dating protocols. If the Thar dune record is to be incorporated within a growing multiproxy framework of past climate and environmental dynamics, it is necessary to generate a systematic record of the timing of dunefield accumulation. From this, relationships to climate and other drivers of dune activity may then be better established. To this end, an intensive programme of field sampling and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was carried out from a dunefield in the east-central Thar Desert. This study presents the first detailed Holocene dune accumulation history from the region, and sheds light on the development of the multi-generational parabolic dune systems. In contrast to previously published work, we identify the importance of the Holocene and the last millennium as periods with a number of preserved accumulation phases. OSL ages suggest that accumulation was persistent during the early and mid-Holocene (within 11.7-5.5 ka), late Holocene (2-1 ka), as well as two major phases in the last millennium (600 – 200 a and within the last 70 a). Potential drivers of dune mobility in the last century include a strong anthropogenic dimension. Rapid net accumulation is recorded in the last 70 years, with rates varying between 2 and 5 m/year, in an environment where agricultural pressures have increased dramatically with the advent of irrigation schemes expanding into dunefield areas. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Radiocarbon Data from the Late 18th Century as a Reflection of Solar Activity Variation,Natural Climate Change,and Anthropogenic Activity

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The data on the content of the 14C cosmogenic isotope in the natural archives make it possible to study the solar activity (SA) in the past centuries and millennia....     

Winter North Atlantic Oscillations Driven by Variations in Total Solar Irradiance

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The solar influence on long-term climatic processes of Earth has been studied with the use of long-term series of historical reconstructions of Total Solar Irradiation...     

Climate fluctuations during the Holocene in NW Iberia: High and low latitude linkages

High resolution benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) and molecular biomarkers in the sediments are used here to infer rapid climatic changes for the last 8200 years in the Ría de Muros (NW Iberian Margin). Benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C potentially register migrations in the position of the hydrographic front formed between two different intermediate water masses: Eastern North Atlantic Central Water of subpolar origin (ENACW_sp) and subtropical origin (ENACW_st). The molecular biomarkers in the sediment show a strong coupling between continental organic matter inputs and negative δ¹³C values in benthic foraminifera. The rapid centennial and millennial events registered in these records have been compared with two well known North Atlantic Holocene records from the subtropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) anomalies off Cape Blanc, NW Africa and the subpolar Atlantic (Hematite Stained Grains percentage, subpolar North Atlantic). Comparison supports a strong link between high- and low-latitude climatic perturbations at centennial–millennial time scales during the Holocene. Spectral analyses also points to a pole-to-equator propagation of the so-called 1500 yr cycles. Our results demonstrate that during the Holocene, the NW Iberian Margin has undergone a series of rapid events which are likely triggered at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and are rapidly propagated towards lower latitudes. Conceivably, the propagation of these rapid climatic changes involves a shift in atmospheric and oceanic circulatory systems.     

Anomalous Heating of the Solar Atmosphere in the Epoch of the Solar Activity Minimum

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The article studies the physical mechanism of the generation of a steady stream of weak shock waves at the photospheric level during the epoch of the solar-activity...     

利用GPS观测数据和IRI模型对比分析太阳活动低年广州地区电离层TEC变化

电离层TEC是描述电离层特性的一个重要参量,利用GPS观测数据（包括广州站接收的GPS-TEC数据和国际GNSS提供的IGS-TEC数据）与IRI-2007模型计算的TEC预测值对太阳活动低年2008年的广州地区TEC周日和季节变化以及年变化特征等进行了多方面的对比分析。结果表明：TEC观测值白天较高且变化迅速,夜间较低且变化缓慢,同时表现出明显的季节依赖性和半年变化特性,全年在春秋分季节出现两次峰值,IRI-TEC预测值能较好地反映GPS观测值,但局部上也存在着一些偏差,并对其中的物理机制和产生差异的原因给出了合理的分析和解释。     

长江三角洲地区全新世以来海面变化与古洪水发生关系探讨

通过对长江三角洲地区埋藏古树、泥炭、以及海相贝壳测年资料以及地方志、历史文献当中关于研究区洪灾事件记录的搜集、整理,研究结果表明,由于长江三角洲地区地势低平这一地貌特点,使得海面变化对于研究区洪灾的发生有着重要的影响.在长江中下游地区,海面的上升是导致冰后期长江河谷泥沙加积的主要原因,随着海面的上升和河床的抬高,长江中下游的水位也随之上升,从而导致长江洪水期排泄不畅,加重了洪灾的影响,加上长江三角洲地势低平,使海面变化成为长江三角洲地区洪灾发生的一个重要影响因子.同时,海面上升对长江水流的顶托作用也是加剧洪灾危害的一个重要原因.本文对于未来研究区洪水发生的预测,加强海岸带地区自然灾害的预防工作,减少生命财产的损失,具有一定的理论与实践意义.