Taylor Polynomial Model of the Geomagnetic Field in an Underground Gas Storage Area

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The study of normal geomagnetic background fields is the premise and basis for obtaining local geomagnetic anomalies caused by changes in underground pressure during gas...     

Progress and Prospect of Geophysical Research on Underground Gas Storage: A Case Study of Hutubi Gas Storage, Xinjiang, China

Hutubi Underground Gas Storage (UGS) is an important part of China''s West-East Gas Pipeline Project. Its production safety also plays an essential role in ensuring peaking, emergency and reserve of natural gas in the region. Geophysical observations and research conducted on Hutubi UGS provide significant support for understanding the operation status and ensuring safe operation of the UGS. Since the beginning of the construction of Hutubi UGS and its production, several works including gas field observation experiments,rock experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted. Preliminary observational results show that during the initial operation stage of the UGS, the "breathing phenomenon" in caprock and microseismicity in the vicinity are closely related to the operation of the gas storage. However,rock experiments and numerical simulations show that these activities may gradually weaken with the multi-cycle operation of gas storage. The impact of the operation of Hutubi UGS in the surrounding areas is gradually weakening, and its operation tends to be stable.Implementing long-term and multi-method geophysical observations is able to provide us a better understanding of the relationship between the operation of UGS and regional geological hazards. On this basis, the corresponding geomechanical model can be established to form an effective risk management mechanism for gas storage operation. Thus, it is of great significance to understand its operation status, monitor storage conditions, guide production and operation, and ultimately guarantee the safe production of the gas storage.     

新疆呼图壁地下储气库断层气体地球化学特征研究

Rn、CO2、Hg、H2等断层气体被广泛应用于断层活动性以及断层结构特征的研究.当前,研究介质中压力变化与断层气间的关系是断层气映震研究的主要技术方法之一.新疆呼图壁地下储气库自建成以来,每年以周期性循环"注入/采出"模式运行,该运行模式带来的储气库气压变化会影响周围地区的地震活动.同时,这一定期加压存储与减压释放气体...     

呼图壁地下储气库部分区域地表垂直形变机理研究

利用在呼图壁地下储气库开展的2013~2015年7期二等水准测量获得的高差数据,对由于地表气井压力变化影响而发生的地下储气库地表垂直变形进行了分析。研究表明,呼图壁地下储气库区的地表变形除了构造成因引起的盆地下沉以外,其他主要形变成因来源有2个方面：一个是呼图壁地区的地下水超采影响着该地区的地表垂直变化;另一个是储气库集采气期间井口压力变化影响下的地表沉降,根据计算,储气库每MPa气井压力变化影响到的地表变化约为0.625~1.125mm。     

Magnetic Anomalies on the Tree Trunks

Magnetic measurements of soil and tree bark adjacent to a busy highway revealed a significant variation in the concentration of magnetic particles with distance from the highway. Further more, forest-facing tree-bark contains significantly more magnetic particles than road-facing tree-bark. Magnetic particles were detected both on the bark of the maple trees and in the first centimeter of the soil cover (O/A horizon). Stability of saturation isothermal magnetization (SIRM) and hysteresis parameters of the soil indicates the presence of single domain (SD/PSD) magnetic carriers. Measurements of the tree bark hysteresis parameters and SIRM detect a significant lower coercivity component that we interpret to be an indication of more abundant pseudo-single domain (PSD) type magnetic grains. Magnetic measurements around the perimeters of eight tree trunks reveal magnetic carriers whose distribution is antipodal to the source direction (highway). We interpret our observation by adopting an air circulation model, where suspended PSD/SD particles are carried in the air stream. The air stream from the heavy traffic lowers the amount of moisture on the tree trunk surfaces facing the highway and thus reduces an adhesive potential on this side. Therefore, more particles can stay on the moist side of the trunk protected from the direct airflow.     

呼图壁地下储气库地表盖层变形的GPS研究

利用新疆呼图壁地下储气库地表盖层由13个点位组成的形变监测网的前5期GPS观测资料,研究地下储气库注采过程中地表盖层的变形响应。通过获取地下储气库运行过程中地表盖层形变的三维时间序列,并结合井口压力数据,区分地下储气库在不同过程中的变形信号。研究结果表明,地表盖层在储气库注采过程中水平方向上存在明显的“呼吸效应”,储气库每MPa气井压力变化在注、采周期内对地表变形造成的影响在水平方向上分别达到1.02、1.24mm,垂直方向分别达到-1.11、0.86mm。     

重庆武隆M5.0地震前地磁异常特征分析

选取恩施台、涪陵江东台、石柱黄水台以及武隆仙女山台2012年1月至2017年11月地磁数据进行异常分析,得到各个台站的地磁谐波振幅比和加卸载响应比计算结果,并结合2017年11月23日重庆武隆M5.0地震震中附近地质构造背景分析地震前后地磁异常现象。分析结果认为大部分地磁谐波振幅比变化特征类似于地电阻率的变化特征,表现为"下降-转折-上升"过程。本次地震大致发生在转折上升的初期阶段,其中震中距较小的台站地磁谐波振幅比变化趋势不同步,但变化幅度大致相同,而震中距较大的台站地磁谐波振幅比变化趋势较为同步,变化幅度较大。此外,研究还表明震前地磁加卸载响应比异常高值在时空分布上与震中位置具有很好的对应关系。     

Abandoned Underground Storage Tank Location Using Fluxgate Magnetic Surveying: A Case Study

In 1993, during the removal of a diesel and a gasoline underground storage tank at the municipal garage of the Village of Kohler, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, soil testing revealed environmental contamination at the site. A site investigation revealed the possibility of a second on-site source of petroleum contamination. Limited historical data and the present usage of structures within the suspected source area precluded the use of most invasive sampling methods and most geophysical techniques. A fluxgate magnetometer survey, followed by confirmatory excavation, was conducted at the site. The fluxgate magnetometer survey identified nine possible magnetic anomalies within the 18 × 25 m area. The subsequent excavation near the anomalies revealed the presence of five paired and two individual 2000 L underground storage tanks. The fluxgate magnetometer survey, although affected by the proximity of buildings, was able to detect the buried tanks within 3 m of the brick structures, using a 1.5 × 1.5 m sampling array.     

菏泽地震前流体中短期异常分析

结合在华北强震平静背景下发生的1983年11月7日菏泽5.9级地震数据,对菏泽的流体资料进行综合分析研究,总结出地下流体在本次地震中的映震能力,探索地下流体的地震异常规律,为将来应用地下流体观测进行地震预报提供可靠的依据。     

2014年安徽霍山MS4.3地震前地下流体典型异常特征分析

通过对2014年4月20日安徽霍山M_S4.3地震前地下流体异常进行回溯性分析,总结了流体异常特征。结果显示,在时间上,流体异常具有配套性、阶段性特征,震前11个月异常月频次逐渐增加;震前3个月异常月频次加速上升,进入临震阶段,震前1.5个月,部分异常结束,异常月频次转折下降;在空间上,流体异常主要集中在震中200km范围内,且外围流体异常主要表现为趋势上升或低值,震中附近流体异常表现为突升。震前流体异常还与测项有关,水温、水化测项映震效果较好,水氡、氢气突升异常短临意义明显。     

Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies and Estimation of Depth of Magnetic Crust in Slovakia

The magnetic map of Slovakia used in the paper was compiled as part of a project titled Atlas of Geophysical maps and profiles in 2001. The residual magnetic data were analyzed to produce Curie point estimates. To remove distortion of magnetic anomalies caused by the Earth’s magnetic field, reduction to pole transformation was applied to the magnetic anomalies using the magnetization angle of the induced magnetization. Anomalies reduced to the pole tend to be better correlated with tectonic structures. We applied a 3-km upward continuation to the residually compiled magnetic anomalies in order to remove effects of topography. The depth of magnetic dipoles was calculated by an azimuthally averaged power spectrum method for the entire area. Such estimates can be indicative of temperatures in the crust, since magnetic minerals lose their spontaneous magnetization according to Curie temperature of the dominant magnetic minerals in the rocks. The computed Curie point depths in the Slovakia region vary between 15.2 km and 20.9 km. Heat flow higher than 100 mWm⁻² occurs at the central volcanics and eastern part of Slovakia, where the Curie point depths values are shallow. The correlation between Curie point depths, heat flow and crust depth was investigated for two E-W cross sections. Heat flow and Curie point depth values are correlated with each other however, these values could not be correlated with crust depth. The Curie point isotherm, which separates magnetic and non-magnetic parts of the crust, is represented in two cross sections.     

地下高压气体对汶川地震灾害的作用分析

通过对2008年5月28日汶川M8.0级地震后滑坡和堰塞湖的形成和分布特征,以及震后地下喷发物和灾害形成与分布特征的考察,结合龙门山地区侏罗纪前的海洋环境和现今龙门山前川西坳陷存在大量圈闭构造和地下3km的巨厚底层含大量异常高压天然气体这一结构特征分析,发现地下异常高压气体在地震时高速膨胀,在地下裂隙和断层等面状通道快速剪开底层涌出,造成岩体飞移、流动和扩散是产生灾害的重要因素。     

新乡及其邻区地下水宏观异常浅析

2003年4月至2003年年底,河南省新乡市及其邻区800余平方千米范围内出现了水井翻花、冒泡的现象。其历时之长,范围之广,实属罕见。研究认为：由于前一年冬季降水量较大,土壤中有机物质经过充分的生物化学作用贮存有大量的CO2气体,在发生一些中小地震前后,区域应力场的变化使得这一地区土壤中的气体集中释放。     

台湾南投7.6级地震地下流体远场异常及其前兆意义

深入分析了 1999年 9月 2 1日 0 1时 47分台湾南投 (2 3°42′N ,12 1°0 6′E) 7 6级地震时浙江省地下流体观测井出现的显著中、短期前兆异常。异常出现时间早 ,持续时间长 ,阶段性变化明显 ,特征明显 ,易于识别 ,与本区 (震中距≤ 40 0km)地震前兆异常有明显的区别 ,是具有预测意义的地震前兆异常。震中距约 70 0km左右 ,微动态异常基本没有显示 ,属场兆异常     

2018年安徽无为ML4.1地震地下流体前兆异常特征

对2018年4月6日无为ML4.1地震前的地下流体前兆异常特征以及该地震的震源机制解进行了分析,结果表明,无为地震前的异常分布在距震中64～233 km范围内,这些异常在时间进程上,可分为中期趋势背景异常和短临异常,主要以中期趋势背景异常为主.这些中期趋势背景异常均表现为水位的破年变变化.从空间演化上看,2018年安徽...     

哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体监测、预测的现状及其震兆异常特征的分析

40多年来,哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测台网历经初期建网、系统清理、政策调整和优化提高4个阶段,目前已形成与中国北京地区流体监测网相当的规模。分析了哈萨克斯坦流体监测台网的地位、台站分布、观测项目、仪器配置及地震分析预测情况。最后,分析了哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测资料的特点,并就哈萨克斯坦流体交换资料的震兆异常特征进行了初步总结。     

对1989年以来华北北部6级左右地震前山西地下流体异常的总结

从山西省地下流体（水位、水化）的基础观测资料入手,在核实异常的基础上,总结了１９８９年以来山西大同—阳高６．１级,内蒙古包头６．４级,河北张北６．２级地震前的异常反应和震后认识,并对今后的地震预报提出了一些建议。