温差能驱动的水下滑翔器设计与实验研究

论文设计开发了一种新型的温差能驱动的水下滑翔器,并对它做了水域实验研究。文章讨论了温差能驱动的滑翔器运动机理及其在垂直剖面的运动分析,得到稳态运动的参数解。结合能够把水域温差能转变为机械能的热机设计以及滑翔器的主要机械结构和控制硬件系统设计,完成了滑翔器的初步设计与开发。滑翔器在千岛湖进行了水域实验,实验结果表明,此水下滑翔器完全能够利用温差能实现预定的滑翔运动。     

A performance bound for real OTEC heat engines

Maximum power and efficiency at the maximum power of an irreversible OTEC heat engine are treated. When time is explicitly considered in the energy exchanges between the heat engine and its surroundings, it is found that there is a bound on the efficiency of the real OTEC heat engine at the maximum power condition. This bound can guide the evaluation of existing OTEC systems or influence design of future OTEC heat engines.     

Document based knowledge base engineering method for ship basic design

We propose a basic ship design knowledge-model for information storage and retrieval using a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) system and develop a semantic inquiry function that allows users to use the retrieved information immediately. Our aim is to merge the repetitive access and calculating tasks and data such as the principal dimensions required during the basic ship design process into a single database, so that this information remains available for future construction projects. However, the concept of linking a design knowledge base and inference engine requires the combining of ship design information with the KBE system. This research enhances the flexibility, extension, and operation of the inference mechanism of the KBE design methodology through the establishment of a user interface, knowledge base, and inference engine. The design information is managed a document-based approach, which requires the conversion of the original documents into the XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format, and compiles rules for the basic design process. This system uses the KBE method attempts to reduce the double workload of design and modeling at the commencement of a new project with the document-generating integration work.     

GDE-地理数据引擎的设计与实现

在对地理数据建模过程研究的基础上,论述了地理数据引擎——GDE(geographic data engine)的设计与实现,提出了独立于具体数据结构和文件格式的地理数据访问方法,从概念模型上论述了GDE的相关理论及设计策略,给出了此模型的具体实现。     

Reduction of particulate matter and gaseous emission from marine diesel engines using a catalyzed particulate filter

Diesel engines are used widely as the power sources of coastal ships and international vessels primarily due to their high thermal efficiency, high fuel economy and durable performance. However, the gaseous and solid substances exhausted from diesel engines during the combustion process cause air pollution, in particular around harbor regions. In order to effectively reduce particulate matter and gaseous pollution emissions, a catalyzed particulate filter was equipped in the tail pipe of a marine diesel engine. The engine's performance and emission characteristics under various engine speeds and torques were measured using a computerized engine data control and acquisition system accompanied with an engine dynamometer. The effectiveness of installing a catalyzed particulate filter on the reduction of pollutant emissions was examined. The experimental results show that the exhaust gas temperature, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity were reduced significantly upon installation of the particulate filter. In particular, larger conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide — and thus larger CO₂ and lower CO emissions — were observed for the marine diesel engine equipped with a catalyzed particulate filter and operated at higher engine speeds. This is presumably due to enhancement of the catalytic oxidation reaction that results from an exhaust gas with stronger stirring motion passing through the filter. The absorption of partial heating energy from the exhaust gas by the physical structure of the particulate filter resulted in a reduction in the exhaust gas temperature. The particulate matter could be burnt to a greater extent due to the effect of the catalyst coated on the surface of the particulate filter. Moreover, the fuel consumption rate was increased slightly while the excess oxygen emission was somewhat decreased with the particulate filter.     

热毯式海底热流原位探测系统设计

针对海底热流探针无法对基岩海底或其他硬质海底进行热流探测的难题,基于傅里叶热力学第一定律提出了非插入式海底热毯原位探测方法,介绍了热毯式热流原位探测系统的设计。通过试验选择了合适的热毯盖层材料、对热毯的形状和设计尺寸等参数进行了设计优化,分析了热毯的工作方式并对布放技术进行了评价。热毯式海底热流探测系统为大洋中脊区域海底的热流探测提供了有效的方法,对于研究板块的热状态及板块的构造活动提供了广阔的应用前景。     

Simultaneous optimization of propeller–hull systems to minimize lifetime fuel consumption

In traditional naval architecture design methodologies optimization of the hull and propeller are done in two separate phases. This sequential approach can lead to designs that have sub-optimal fuel consumption and, thus, higher operational costs. This work presents a method to optimize the propeller–hull system simultaneously in order to design a vessel to have minimal fuel consumption. The optimization uses a probabilistic mission profile, propeller–hull interaction, and engine information to determine the coupled system with minimum fuel cost over its operational life. The design approach is tested on a KCS SIMMAN container ship using B-series propeller data and is shown to reduce fuel consumption compared to an optimized traditional design approach.     

长江航道三维可视化系统设计与实现

为满足航道工程的信息化和可视化需求,采用VPB和OSG相结合的引擎进行长江航道三维可视化系统开发,并从开发平台选取、可视化系统的结构和功能设计、多源数据获取与处理等多个方面,阐述了设计与实现的关键环节,取得了较好的三维可视化效果,研究技术路线将为海洋与内河航道场景三维可视化系统研发提供重要参考。     

Power cycle analysis of two-phase underwater ramjet

To predict the cycle and propulsive performance, and further instruct the integral engine design, an ideal power cycle model for a two-phase underwater ramjet is established. Four performance parameters are defined to evaluate overall performance of the two-phase underwater ramjet systems: transmission efficiency, propulsive efficiency, overall efficiency and specific impulse. Then, a scaled-down experimental ramjet engine was tested in a direct-connect ground testing system to validate the present model, and the predictions with present model compare favorably with experimental results. Subsequently, the influences of cruise velocity, air/water mass ratio and cruising depth on the theoretical performance of the two-phase underwater ramjet are discussed. The results indicate that one of the most outstanding advantages of two-phase underwater ramjet is its high propulsive efficiency with the order of 50–95%. As a result, the overall efficiency magnitude are as high as 30% at cruise speed of 100 m/s. Furthermore, regarding rules of specific impulse vs cruise velocity under a certain air/water mass ratio, the occurrence of peak specific impulse of order 400 s is observed.     

Strength design method for tubing hanger of subsea christmas tree against big temperature difference

The tubing hanger is an important component of the subsea Christmas tree, experiencing big temperature difference which will lead to very high thermal stresses. On the basis of API 17D/ISO 13628-4 and ASME VIII-1, and by comprehensively considering the erosion of oil and the gravity load of the tubing, a calculation model is established by regarding design pressure and thermal stress, and the method for designing the tubing hanger of the horizontal Christmas tree under big temperature difference condition is developed from the fourth strength theory. The proposed theory for strength design of the tubing hanger in big temperature difference is verified by numerical results from ABAQUS.     

400GF—3T型天然气发电机组在海洋平台上的应用

本文概述了４０００ＧＦ－３Ｔ天然气发电机组的原理结构、技术特性及其在海洋石油平台上的应用。利用天然气机组代替柴油机组有许多优点,将成为海上采油平台或陆上油气开发的主要动力。因此,４００ＧＦ－３Ｔ机组的应用和发展具有广阔的前景。     

低质热源有机朗肯循环效率特性研究

有机朗肯循环是有效的低品位能源利用方式,有机朗肯循环的流程设计和参数的选择对循环效率有很大影响,其中主蒸汽参数是最重要的热力循环参数。针对循环参数选取、主蒸汽过热对循环效率与余热回收效率的影响特性,建立了有机朗肯循环模型,并利用EES建立饱和蒸汽循环与过热蒸汽循环的计算方程,通过变参数计算得到有机朗肯循环主蒸汽参数与循环效率和余热回收率的对应曲线,并比较四类工质的热力循环特点总结有机质热力特性规律。     

优化操纵渔船主机降低NOx排放的试验研究

通过对东京水产大学研究练习船“神鹰丸”的航速、主机转速、功率及排放废气的测定，得出在各种常用工况下NOx的排放率曲线、等船速曲线和燃油消耗率曲线。分析比较确定NOx的排出率较低，燃油消耗率又不超过规定标准的工况点，从而达到主机优化操纵的目的。结果表明，在自由航行工况下船舶航速为4、8、12、13kn时，主机转速应设定在750r/min；航速为10kn时，应设定在875r/min。拖网及延绳钓作业工况下主机转速应设定在875r/min。     

水生动物选择-回避温度试验装置的设计和应用

选择-回避温度是电站温排水生物热效应的重要温度测试指标。文中报道选择-回避温度试验装置的设计、制作及其在海水鱼、虾温度选择性试验中的应用。该装置结构简单,自动控温精度高,性能稳定。实验结果表明：随着驯化温度的提高,鱼和虾的选择最适温度也升高。利用选择-回避温度值可以快速而准确地测定鱼类的最适生长温度和适宜温度范围。     

中日两国渔船动力装置性能的比较

本文在对中日两国渔船动力装置发展情况调查研究的基础上,对比了中日两国渔船主机的性能,分析了日本渔船主机的发展趋势以及中国渔船主机的现状,提出了中国渔船主机应该以提高强化指标、小型轻量,提高可靠性,降低燃油消耗率,发展系列化为主要发展方向。     

通过主机轴功率的测试判断船体,主机,螺旋桨三者的匹配状况

渔船主机是渔船的心脏，其技术状况的好坏直接影响到船舶的性能，而船体，主机，螺旋桨三者的匹配情况对船舶的航速，拖力以及经济效率都具有重要的影响。     

Hydraulic and Thermal Conductivities of Kaolin–Silica Mixtures under Different Consolidation Stresses

Stable backfill materials for the heat sensitive structures of buried power cables, hot water pipes, and gas pipelines are suggested to have low permeability and high heat transfer characteristics. The hydraulic and thermal conductivities of backfill materials or clay liners are important parameters in proper design and construction of geotechnical structures involved with heat transfers. In this study, to investigate the optimal natural backfill or liner materials, thermal and hydraulic conductivities of kaolin–silica mixtures examined based on the results from laboratory tests under different consolidation conditions. From the experiment results, the thermal conductivity increases while hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing density during consolidation process. As a result, back-fill materials with high kaolin content under low consolidation stress were desirable materials for burial of heat sensitive structures.     

锦州25—1南油气田主电站的选型设计

主电站作为海洋石油开采平台最重要的核心组成,为整个平台提供动力来源,是保证平台能够正常运转的心脏器官。从机组类型、特点,以及相应的工作原理等几个方面对海洋石油开采平台上的主电站作了简要的描述;依据相关基础数据,结合锦州25—1南油气田的特点,对油气田进行了电负荷分析,得出油气田设计所需要的典型电负荷量以及相关的数据;通过对机组容量、负荷率、备用率、机组占用平台面积、机组重量等几个参数的比对,从往复式发动机电站机组和燃气透平机电站机组中优选出了主电站机组方案。通过对锦州25—1南油气田主电站方案优选的详细阐述,为海洋石油开采平台主电站的选型设计提供参考和借鉴。     

海洋温差能时空分布变异特征定量评价方法研究

海洋温差能资源时空分布特征分析和总量估算是其开发利用及选址、设计的基础工作。本文通过研究海洋温度场的变化特征,结合信息熵理论,应用高斯分布函数,建立了一种新的海洋温差能资源评估算法,即海洋温差熵(ocean temperature differences entropy, OTDE)算法,提出了表征温差时空变异特征的海洋温差熵作为评估参数,并结合中国南海海域开展了温差在不同时间尺度和空间范围上不确定性变化的定量研究。结果表明:中国南海榆亚暗沙、黄岩岛附近海域的海洋温差时空分布较稳定、资源可预测性强,是海洋温差能开发建址的理想区域,可为今后南海温差能资源评估及电站选址提供技术参考。