右江沉积盆地演化与微细浸染型金矿床成矿作用关系探讨

右江沉积盆地在大地构造位置上被称为右江印支褶皱带,其沉积-构造演化可划分为3个阶段:大陆边缘裂谷、弧后裂谷和坳陷盆地.桂西北地区是右江盆地的主体部分,该区典型微细浸染型金矿床(金牙、高龙)的含矿硅质岩特征、矿床的地质特征、地球化学特征、矿石组构学特征一致表明矿床在沉积成岩期已形成,矿床属同生沉积成因.矿床的形成与右江沉积盆地演化密切相关.裂谷环境、盆地的岩相古地理、同沉积断裂等因素对矿床的形成起重要的控制作用.     

新疆210金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及地质意义

研究新疆210金矿床中黄铁矿产状、形态特征及不同粒级黄铁矿的化学特征和晶胞参数等。结果表明,210金矿床为蚀变破碎带型金矿床,矿石中黄铁矿含量、粒径与金含量密切相关,含量高、粒径小的黄铁矿可作为强矿化标志。通常含金黄铁矿与无金黄铁矿相比颜色加深,晶胞参数轴长加长,亦可作为金矿化找矿标志及贫金、富金的评价准则。矿床具沉积矿床及热液矿床成因特点,初步认为矿床成因属"双源成因",其黄铁矿形成于中深成环境。     

湖南省古丈县茄通石灰石矿床地质特征及成因类型探讨

论述了湖南省古丈县茄通石灰石矿床的赋存层位,矿体形态、产状及规模,矿石的物质组成、化学成分,矿石的自然类型及质量等地质特征,并概述了矿床成因类型。研究认为,该石灰石矿为产于下粤陶统南津关组中的沉积型石灰石矿床,矿石中w（CaO）、w（MgO）均远远优于工业指标,为优质水泥用石灰石矿。     

联生矿床——第四种矿床成因类型

联生矿床是指在内生和外生因素共同作用下,在地表或地下一定深度所形成的矿床.根据成矿要素的配置关系,联生矿床可以分为内源外成和外源内成两种类型;根据宏观地质环境可分为海相和陆相两类.海底火山喷气(喷流)沉积矿床(热水沉积矿床)是典型的海相联生矿床,陆相油气资源和地热资源属于陆相联生矿床,而陆相火山-次火山高度开放型的容矿构造中通过流体的沸腾浓缩形成的浅成高温热液矿床也具有联生矿床的属性.联生矿床概念的提出有助于对成矿物质运动时空结构的全面理解.     

喷气沉积矿床特征及找矿标志

本文所探讨的喷气沉积矿床不包括火山或次火山喷气沉积矿床,而是指生于海底环境,与地热体系有关的形成于裂谷及深断裂系统中的矿床。过去将它们与海相火山岩型块状硫化物矿床或其外侧边缘远口相的海底火山热泉型矿床混为一谈,然而近年来经国内外学者的深入研究,发现它们具有独特的形成机制和地质特征,并且往往形成一些大型、超大     

青藏高原风火山盆地地层含矿性及矿床成因研究

通过对盆地形成过程的研究,认为风火山盆地经历了基底、古地貌盆地、沉积盆地及构造盆地4个阶段,在晚白垩世沉积形成.地层含矿性特征表明,晚白垩世风火山群砂岩夹灰岩组和砂岩组地层是含矿地层,其中砂岩夹灰岩组是主要含矿地层,与铜矿成矿关系密切.矿床成因分析认为,盆地附近的隆起区作为蚀源区,其晚三叠世地层及其他浅成侵入岩等,为沉积盆地提供了沉积物,也为盆地地层沉积提供了铜质来源.在砂岩夹灰岩组和砂岩组地层中,还原、碱性环境下沉积形成的灰绿色碎屑岩形成了矿源层,经过后期的活化、迁移、富集,形成了沉积一改造型层控铜矿床.     

江西金山金矿区硅质岩成因及意义

热水沉积硅质岩对于矿床研究具有重要意义.通过对硅质岩的岩石学及常量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征的研究,认为矿区硅质岩属于热水沉积成因,形成于浅海-大陆边缘环境.结合矿床地质特征,认为矿床早期存在热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用,在矿源岩阶段形成了金的初步富集.硅质岩的空间分布规律具有找矿标志的意义,为金山金矿的进一步找矿工作开辟新的思路.     

锡铁山铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿环境研究

在分析流体包裹体特征的基础上,提出锡铁山铅锌矿床两种矿石类型成矿流体的特点:条带状矿石具有中低温度(182℃～229℃),低盐度或较低盐度(5.3%～21.9%),密度小于1×103kg/m3,弱酸、弱还原环境;块状矿石具有中高温(224.5℃～341℃),较高盐度(22.8%～34.7%),密度大于1×103kg/m3,中性、弱还原环境.两种不同类型的矿石也说明了该矿床具有两个不同成矿期次的热液:火山喷流沉积成矿热液在裂谷凹陷盆地富集形成条带状矿石;火山作用期后热液叠加改造前者形成块状矿石.两个不同成矿期次的热液造成锡铁山矿床的矿体和矿石的多样性.     

九台-长春凸起带中陶粒页岩矿床地质特征及成因

通过对岩石类型、矿石成分及古地理、古气候、古地球化学环境的初步分析认为,区内矿床形成于交替的氧化-还原环境的还原条件下,是受青山口组中、上部层位控制的内陆湖泊相沉积的层控沉积矿床.     

秦岭造山带黑色岩系与金属矿床类型及成矿系列

秦岭造山带黑色岩系划分为南、北、中三个带,北带分布于北秦岭,以秦岭杂岩为基底的岛弧火山岩与花岗岩带到二郎坪弧后边缘海盆带,形成于活动大陆边缘类似的沟、弧、盆构造体系,产出沉积-变质-构造-热液改造型镍-钼小型矿床.中带分布于南秦岭北部,环绕岛链古隆起形成深水-半深水滞留断陷局限盆地,发育与热水沉积有关的黑色岩系,赋存沉积轻微改造型超大型钒矿床和沉积-构造-热液改造型大型金-钒矿床.南带分布于南秦岭南部,扬子板块北缘早古生代沉积区局部拉张环境发育裂谷式断陷盆地,发育巨厚的硅质-泥质-重晶石互层岩系,形成沉积改造中型含钼-钒矿床和热水沉积大型毒重石-重晶石矿床等.解剖了秦岭黑色岩系容矿的典型矿床特征与成矿作用,划分了矿床成因类型,建立了黑色岩系容矿的金属矿床成矿系列.     

A terrestrial-shallow marine transition in the archean opemisca group east of Chapais,Quebec

The Stella and Hauy Formations of the Archean Opemisca Group in the eastern Chapais Syncline feature numerous fluvial to shallow marine transitions throughout the stratigraphic sequence. During the first depositional phase (Stella Formation), relatively high gradient alluvial fans prograde into a shallow marine environment. The coarse clastic sediments reflect a Scott-type depositional environment. The initial depositional environment is envisaged to be a high-energy, wave- and storm (flood) -dominated coastline bordered by coastal alluvial fans. Shallow marine deposits consist of coarse- to very coarse-grained sandstones and intraclast and pebble to cobble conglomerates. The prevalent shallow marine sediments are related to storm and/or flood deposition.Terrigenous sediments of the Donjek-type depositional environment prevail during the second depositional phase (Hauy Formation). The shallow marine sediments, although still wave- and storm (flood) -dominated, are finergrained, and when correlated with the terrigenous sediments imply a lower gradient and a maturing of the coastline. Furthermore, contemporaneous volcanism of andesitic (shoshonitic) to basaltic composition, occurs during this evolutionary stage. The sedimentary basin gradually evolved during the two depositional phases.The repetition of terrigenous and shallow marine sediments throughout the stratigraphic sequence, coarsening- and fining-sequences in the conglomerates, and the alluvial fan setting strongly suggest a fault-bounded basin margin. Tectonic uplift of the hinterland initiates alluvial fan progradation onto the shelf, whereas quiescent periods are documented by marine transgression. The clast composition of the conglomerates and the alluvial fan environment suggest local derivation of clasts.The synvolcanic Chibougamau Pluton and the Lake Dore Complex acted as a stable basement during deposition of the Opemisca Group. The small landmass served as a stable platform for shallow marine deposition, even when tectonically influenced. A late phase intraplutonic (cratonic) development of an initial backarc basin system (internal zone of the Abitibi greenstone belt) is proposed as the overall depositional setting of the Chapais basin.     

雪峰古陆边缘上石炭统

雪峰古陆边缘石岩统为一套滨浅海碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积。下部黄龙组为白云岩，灰岩和砾岩及少量硝岩互层，上部船山组为灰岩，白云质与砂岩及少量砂岩互层，船山组含Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｅｓ带和Ｐｓｅｎｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｎｉｎａ带。整个上石炭统碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩交替出现，属海水浅的滨海陆脊滩相至局限台地相。     

山东黄河北煤田石炭—二叠系太原组地层沉积特征

为了研究黄河北煤田的沉积特征,查清研究区内太原组地层的岩性类型、沉积构造、粒度分布特征,并进一步明确其沉积体系及沉积相的特征和沉积演化,本文根据野外露头的观察和室内岩心的描述、薄片分析,结合钻井、测井资料,运用沉积学、古生物地层学、层序地层学、岩石粒度分析等方法,对研究区的太原组地层沉积特征进行了详细的研究.结果表明:研究区石炭-二叠系的含煤地层太原组沉积物中砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、石灰岩及煤岩均较发育,常见的含铁矿物主要是褐铁矿、黄铁矿、菱铁矿等;主要层理构造有水平层理、平行层理、交错层理、波状层理、韵律层理等,生物扰动构造非常发育;主要的生物化石发育于台地相灰岩中,包括蜓类、牙形石等个体较大化石;主要发育植物化石有轮叶、科达木、宽带羊齿等;太原组沉积环境比较动荡,为河流相或者浅海相环境,其陆表海盆地层序及内部单元的典型界面有最大海泛面、区域性海退界面和最大海退面,并依据其不同界面,进行了沉积相划分和层序地层分析;研究区内晚石炭世的太原组地层为陆表海沉积序列,其沉积环境演化主要是由海陆交互相沉积向陆相沉积的转换.     

东昆仑东段下三叠统洪水川组沉积序列与盆地构造原型恢复

下三叠统洪水川组沉积地层研究结果表明,洪水川组由底到顶可划分为6个岩性段,一段主要为灰绿-肝红色粗碎屑岩及紫红色细碎屑岩组合;二段主要为灰绿色含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩夹砾岩组合;三段以深灰色-灰黑色薄层-中薄层灰岩为主,四段主要为浅灰色-灰色中-薄层粉砂岩夹灰色薄层灰岩组合,五段主要为鲍马序列中某几段有规律的浊积岩组合,六段主要为灰色中薄层细砾岩、含细砾粗砂岩、细砂岩夹薄层钙质粉砂岩及灰岩组合。岩石组合及沉积结构构造特征表明,洪水川组一段和二段属于扇三角洲沉积体系,三段和四段属于浅海混积陆棚沉积体系,五段属于半深海-深海浊流沉积体系,六段属于滨浅海沉积体系。洪水川组沉积序列与弧前盆地沉积序列相似,记录了一个弧前盆地初始沉积、正常沉积、晚期沉积等连续的沉积-构造演化过程,认为洪水川组是一套形成于阿尼玛卿-布青山古特提斯洋向北俯冲过程中的弧前盆地的产物,客观记录了东昆仑三叠纪弧前盆地形成及古洋壳俯冲过程。     

南黄海盆地中部隆起CSDP-2井志留系-石炭系岩石学特征及其沉积相

目前,大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井是南黄海盆地中部隆起上的唯一深钻,是揭示南黄海中-古生界海相地层时代,恢复其沉积环境和构造运动的基准井。本文针对该井开展岩心描述并进行薄片观察,结合测井数据、古生物化石等资料,将志留系-石炭系划分为下志留统高家边组、侯家塘组、坟头组,上泥盆统五通组,下石炭统高骊山组、和州组,上石炭统黄龙组、船山组。其中,志留系沉积了一套浅海陆棚相的细碎屑岩,沉积物以浅海-滨海相砂泥岩为主;泥盆系五通组同样为碎屑岩沉积,稳定的石英砂岩和紫红色泥岩并存,下部为潮坪相,上部则为三角洲相;而石炭系发育台坪、泻湖、颗粒滩等碳酸盐岩台地亚相,岩性以生屑灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主。区域地层对比表明,南黄海盆地中-古生界海相地层是下扬子区由陆域向海域的延伸,其志留系-石炭系岩性序列与下扬子陆域基本一致。     

中国南方上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段成因讨论：是“浅水介壳相”，还是深水异地沉积？

对中国南方上奥陶统五峰组的沉积环境的认识长期存在激烈争论,深水成因说与浅水成因说针锋相对,似乎两种观点均有否定对方观点的充足理由。问题的症结与观音桥段有关。因为根据五峰组本身的沉积特征,应属深水沉积无疑;但五峰组顶部的观音桥段富含腕足类、三叶虫、珊瑚等化石,因而长期被认为属“浅水介壳相”。笔者通过对中上扬子地区数十条剖面的实测和深入观察,发现观音桥段为深水异地沉积。主要依据有：观音桥段中所含珊瑚、棘皮类、腹足类等典型的浅水生物化石均呈碎块状赋存于生物屑砾屑灰岩中。这种灰岩的上覆、下伏层均为黑色笔石页岩,显然系由碎屑流异地搬运而来,其沉积场所并非浅水环境而是深水环境;观音桥段厚度很小而分布范围广阔,这是任何浅水环境沉积都不可能具备的特征;观音桥段与下伏五峰组页岩段和上覆下志留统龙马溪组底部之沉积极不协调,界面突变,无环境更替渐变过程,符合异地沉积特征;观音桥段仅在事件影响的范围内才存在,在其缺失地区五峰组与上覆龙马溪组之间可以是整合接触、连续沉积。深水异地沉积包括碎屑流沉积（砾屑灰岩）、浊流沉积（粉砂质颗粒灰岩）和内潮汐沉积（纹层状粉砂岩）。这样,排除了观音桥段环境解释的干扰,根据五峰组自身的特征,将其解释为深水沉积就不再有疑问了。     

Synchronous detachment folds and coeval sedimentation in the Prepyrenean External Sierras (Spain): a case study for a tectonic origin of sequences and systems tracts

This paper reports on the structural and sedimentary evolution of the middle to late Eocene of the Prepyrenean External Sierras (southern Pyrenees, Spain). The initiation, duration and kinematics of a set of growth structures that developed in a shallow marine depositional setting is documented. The detailed analysis of the syntectonic marine sediments not only confirms the already known east to west progression of deformation, but also reveals the continued growth of the early formed structures as later ones propagate towards the foreland. The sedimentary units coevally deposited with these growth structures are arranged in four depositional sequences. Their boundaries correspond to flooding surfaces which grade basinwards into correlative conformities. They are also indicated by the presence of both angular unconformities and onlap geometries. Each depositional sequence generally consists of two systems tracts. The lower one, or transgressive systems tract, is formed by up to 400 m of azoic marls deposited in outer ramp areas. The upper one, or highstand systems tract, mainly consists of shallow siliciclastic and carbonate facies, up to 200 m thick, deposited in middle to inner ramp areas. These depositional sequences are interpreted to be controlled by regional tectonic pulses. An increase of tectonic activity resulted in the flooding of the basin and in the subsequent deposition of a thick succession of nearly azoic blue marls (i.e. transgressive systems tract). The overlying highstand systems tract developed following periods of diminished tectonism, with the consequent growth and progradation of shallow carbonate platform facies.     

Geochemical and palynological analyses of the Serikagni Formation, Sinjar, Iraq

Serikagni Formation (lower–middle Miocene) was studied at four outcrop sections within Sinjar Anticline, Para (the western plunge), Jaddala, Sinjar, (Southern limb), and Noaniaa (Northern limb) of Sinjar Mountain, which is part of foothill zone in northwest Iraq. This formation is composed of Globigerina limestone, marly limestone intercalated with marl, deposited in quiet, deep marine environment. Palynological analyses and the percentages of palynological matter were determined. Palynofacies analysis was recorded for paleoenvironmental interpretation. Mineralogical investigations and petrographical analyses were done. Geochemical analyses for the determination of the major constituents (CaO, MgO, and I.R.),the secondary constituents (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, and trace elements (Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Pb) in the rock samples were accomplished. The calcite is the predominant mineral which is mostly of micrite types as well as spary calcite. The insoluble residue (I.R.) has negative correlation with the carbonate percentages in the rock formation as observed by the XRD analyses. Clay minerals show low occurrence represented by palygorskite, montmorillonite, and sepiolite. Geochemical differences can be noticed between the limy and marly facies constituting the same formation. Differences are also observed between the geochemistry and mineralogy of the four studied localities such as the relatively more pure limestone in Jaddala and Para sections than Sinjar and Noaniaa sections which indicate the higher percentages of marly limestone. This is believed to be due to the geographic location of these sections within the main depositional environment, as well as the consequences of sea level fluctuation. Two palynofacies (PF-1) and (PF-2) were identified. Palynomorphs are more numerous with high percentages (>80%) of amorphous organic matter (AOM) is present in the PF-1. The lithological association of this palynofacies is limestone and marly limestone. This palynofacies 1, indicate the deep marine depositional environment. The second palynofacies (PF-2) reflect low quantities (less than 40%) of AOM, with increase of phytoclasts (translucent-type) to more than 30% and the miospores (small spores and pollen grains) to more than 20%. The lithological association of this palynofacies is marl and marly limestone. This palynofacies 2, indicate the nearshore and shallow marine depositional environment.     

西成铅锌矿田西部中泥盆统西汉水组碳酸盐岩沉积特征

运用岩石学和化石岩石学方法,论述了西成铅锌矿田西部中泥盆统西汉水组碳酸盐岩的沉积特征.西汉水组碳酸盐岩的组分以生物、生物碎屑、内碎屑和鲕粒最为重要;常见粒屑结构、花岗变晶结构、生物骨架结构及层纹-条带状构造;查明碳酸盐岩22种;西汉水组发育三种韵律,分别代表潮间、潮下的生物礁环境;并探讨了岩石类型与铅锌矿成矿的关系。     

中国东部震旦纪和寒武纪磷块岩的结构成因类型及其沉积相和环境

磷块岩矿床的形成总是同特定的沉积相和沉积环境相联系的。从古地理分布看,它们多半产在该成矿时期的海侵前缘带、陆表海和深水盆地的过度部位或水下高地的周围地带。磷矿层多出现于海侵序列的底部或下部,但是含磷岩系本身则既可以是退积式的,也可以是进积式的。