Modulus and damping from shaking table tests of reinforced soil walls

The paper presents rational procedures to estimate normalised shear modulus and damping ratio from measured responses of reinforced soil model walls tested in a 1-g shaking table. Displacement measured at the top of the model walls and input base acceleration time histories are used to produce equivalent hysteretic responses of the model walls. Equivalent hysteretic loops at different strain amplitudes are developed and used to calculate normalised modulus degradation curves and damping ratio for the tested model walls. Model wall responses are also analysed using the single degree of freedom (SDOF) model to determine damping ratio and phase difference, and to verify the validity of SDOF model for application with reinforced soil walls.

Results indicate that the normalised shear modulus significantly decreased at the early stage of the base shaking (i.e. γ_s < 0.03%). For example, about 68% and 80% reductions in shear modulus occurred at γ_s = 0.005% and 0.01% respectively. In addition, a 90% reduction in the normalised shear modulus realised at relatively strong input base acceleration (i.e. for γ_s > 0.03%). Minimum damping ratio of 5% to 10% for both model walls was obtained, increased to 15% to 20% at strain amplitude γ_s = 0.3%, and reached higher values thereafter. Finally, dynamic properties determined from the proposed method are compared with experimental and empirical relationships proposed in literature as well as resonant column test results.     

初始中主应力系数对中密粉煤灰动模量阻尼比影响的试验研究

利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,开展了在三向非均等固结状态下的饱和中密粉煤灰循环扭剪试验。着重探讨了初始中主应力系数对饱和中密粉煤灰的动模量和阻尼比特性的影响。试验结果表明：初始中主应力系数对粉煤灰动剪切模量有一定的影响,对阻尼比没有影响。根据仪器量测系统的特点,采用了大小位移计联合测量角位移的方法,不仅能够提高测试精度,而且能够获得完整的动模量和阻尼比随动剪应变幅值的变化过程。     

CAS-1模拟月壤动剪切模量与阻尼比的试验研究

针对中国科学院地球化学研究所与国家天文台合作研制成功的CAS-1模拟月壤（国家标准试样）,利用GDS共振柱试验仪对模拟月壤开展动力学参数的试验研究,分析了不同孔隙比、不同围压对动剪切模量G及剪应变 的影响规律。试验结果表明,在应力水平很低、孔隙比较大的真实月面环境条件下,动剪切模量G较小,阻尼比 较大,且随着动剪应变 的增大,动剪切模量快速减小,阻尼比急剧增大。采用Hardin-Drnevich模型,得到了不同孔隙比、不同围压下归一化动剪模量G/Gmax与归一化阻尼比 / 随 变化的平均拟合曲线,探讨了最大动剪切模量Gmax、最大阻尼比 和参考剪应变 等动参数与应力水平 的相关关系式,并据此给出了月壤钻取采样深度（0～3 m）内Gmax、 和 的值域区间以及各剪应变对应的G/Gmax和 的推荐值。     

Stress and strain fields for overdamped slug tests in aquifer materials,and resulting conservation equation

Two theories may be used to analyze overdamped variable‐head (slug) tests in aquifer materials. The first theory assumes that the solid matrix strain has a negligible influence. The second theory takes into account some elastic and immediate strain. Something is wrong with these theories because they yield different hydraulic conductivity values. This paper explains what is wrong after establishing the strain‐stress elastic equations for a slug test in 2 ideal conditions: plane strain and spherical symmetry. The equations show that the radial contraction (or elongation) and tangential elongation (or contraction) yield a null volumetric strain. As a result, the conservation is described by the Laplace equation, which is used by the first theory. This first theory is the only one to yield correct solutions. The diffusion equation, with storativity, which is used by the second theory, is physically ill founded for slug tests in aquifers. This new proof scientifically confirms previously raised doubts and experimental proofs that the second theory is ill founded.