低应变桩基检测方法在检测锚杆锚固质量中的应用

本文从理论上分析了在锚杆检测中可能出现的振动和波动的变化特征,阐述了现行基桩低应变检测分析方法(包括现行仪器、反射波震相及数据处理)、波列振幅衰减测桩法(包括振幅衰减、震相及周期变化)在对杆长及锚固质量进行无损检测的可行性,并以检测实例证明对于检测8～10 m的锚杆长度及锚固质量能满足现行规范、规程要求;对于4 m以下的短锚杆,则需提高采样率,提高仪器精度.同时指出检测及分析时需注意的事项.     

Distortions of the electromagnetic field by shallow basins and by resistive outcrops

The interpretation of magnetotelluric (MT) measurements carried out on shallow (several hundred metres deep) basins and on the surrounding highly resistive rock outcrops can be difficult due to different forms of distortion, mainly 3D effects. A good example for study of this problem is the Mór Graben, which is the transition zone between the Bakony and Vértes Mountains (W-Hungary), where more than 20 MT soundings have been made with stations spaced about 2 km apart to determine the structure of a conductivity anomaly at a depth of about 3–4 km.

The statistical treatment of the different distortions due to varying sediment cover (the S-effect or static shift) and to the steep wall of the resistive basement outcrops (edge effect), etc., enabled the estimation of the actual parameters of the conductive formation. The interpretation of the field data is supported by numerical modelling.     

A study on three-dimensional structures of the ionospheric dynamo currents induced by the neutral winds simulated by the Kyushu-GCM

Three-dimensional structures of the ionospheric dynamo currents are examined using the neutral winds in a general circulation model of the middle atmosphere at Kyushu University. A quasi-three-dimensional ionospheric dynamo model is constructed assuming an infinite parallel conductivity in the ionosphere. This model is able to simulate both the equatorial electrojet and the global Sq current system successfully. The simulated results reveal that the equatorial electrojet is confined in quite narrow latitudes around the equator accompanied with meridional current circulations and satisfies a non-divergent structure mainly within the E region. A vertically stratified double layered structure is seen in the east–west current density near the focus latitude of the global Sq current system. It is shown that the stratified structure mainly consists of the east–west Hall current associated with the eastward wind of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 in the lower altitudes and the westward wind of zonal wavenumber 2 in the upper altitudes. The day-to-day variation of the neutral winds can significantly vary the induced ionospheric dynamo current system, which is recognized as changes of the focus latitude and/or the maximum value of the equatorial electrojet.     

Infiltration Measured by the Drip of Stalactites

The hydrodynamic processes and mechanisms involved in rain infiltration and recharge in local areas of karst terrain can be identified and quantified by using measurements of the seepage of cave stalactites. Detailed measurements of the seepage of stalactites in seven caves located in an area close to the land surface, or the subcutaneous area of the karst, show a diversity of complex factors involved in infiltration: type of precipitation (rain or snow), air temperature, soil type and thickness, etc., which give rise to larger or smaller variations of flow in the espeleothem hydrographs. In some cases, no explanation can be found for the response of stalactites to rainfall, while in others there is a relationship between outer atmospheric parameters and the recharge represented by the stalactite drip. Romperopas Cave (Spain) has both a rapid and a basic flow, with hydrograph recessions similar to those observed in other caves. Water seepage in this cave varies greatly both in space and in time. The infiltration in Altamira Cave (Spain) was calculated and a multiple regression was found between infiltration, rain and outside air temperature. In other cases, the balance of the water on the soil is responsible for the seepage. Thus, a precipitation runoff numerical model that simulated the stalactite hydrographs could be applied to the Baradla and Beké Caves (Hungary). The complex properties of the ground, which are required for other flow numerical models for the unsaturated zone, were not taken into consideration.     

Books received by the editor

Comments by, and interviews with, authors, editors, and others responsible for carefully and dutifully shepherding intellecutal thoughts into published text will soon appear in this section. Dr. Jeff J. McDonnell, editor of HPToday, has approved the inclusion of this new feature. The rational in this decision to forgo a critical second opinion on the value of the book stems from our observation that books received by HPToday have often been reviewed by other respectable press (e.g., NY Times Book Review, Science Book Review, etc.), and a more unique angle might interest Hydrological Processes readers. The first group of authors has responded favourably to the notion of explaining their inspirations and frustrations and intentions in creating a published work. Please keep coming back to read more about the hydrological field! Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.