四川木里烟依金矿区土壤地球化学特征及找矿预测

烟依矿区位于我国重要的金成矿区带甘孜-理塘构造结合带南段,紧邻梭罗沟金矿,在对烟依矿区进行1:10000地质草测,基本查明该矿区地质条件,在此基础上,对矿区开展1﹕10000土壤地球化学测量工作。通过样品Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg五种微量元素含量特征分析,显示Au元素为测区内成矿有利元素。使用数理统计软件对样品5种元素进行降维,划分出Au-As-Sb和Ag-Hg两组元素组合,对组合元素采用衬度累加法进行数据处理,对单元素异常图和组合元素异常图进行套合,并结合地质成矿条件共圈定了4个成矿靶区,通过探槽工程对靶区YY-2和靶区YY-4进行验证,确定了Au1和Au2两条金矿化体,显示了本区金土壤地球化学找矿的有效性。     

澳大利亚雅克比铅锌矿区土壤地球化学特征及找矿方向

历史上雅克比铅锌矿勘查区开展的地质勘查工作有限,可利用的资料较少,矿权区内的找矿工作未见大的突破。为 了对勘查区找矿潜力达到初步认识的目的,在区内开展了1:10000土壤地球化学测量工作。依据测量结果,从数理统计学的 角度,应用因子分析、相关分析和聚类分析的方法,研究矿区内成矿元素的组合;对土壤分析元素应用异常下限进行异常 圈定,发现元素异常的分布受地层组中发育的节理、裂隙等构造控制。德雷里安（Delamerian）造山期及以后的构造活动 可能为金属元素的活化、转移、富集、沉淀提供了储矿空间条件及热源条件,矿质可能来源于大陆风化产物及围岩。在结 合前期地质工作的基础上,在土壤地球化学测区内,提出三个找矿远景区,为下一步找矿工作提供依据。     

黑龙江省乌拉嘎金矿外围土壤地球化学找矿信息评价

地质、土壤地球化学找矿信息、高精度磁测和γ能谱信息的分析表明,乌拉嘎金矿外围土壤地球化学找矿信息特征为Au、As、Sb、Cu、Ag、Mo元素的组合异常。采用综合地质累积指数对研究区内的元素组合异常进行评价,结果表明该方法可以有效地区分异常下限、划分异常等级。按照综合地质累积指数大于零的原则,圈定了研究区内A、B、C三处找矿靶区。     

衡阳盆地北缘国庆矿区土壤地球化学特征及找矿方向

对国庆矿区开展了1∶10000地质简测,在了解矿区地质特征的基础上进行了1∶10000土壤地球化学测量工作。Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、W、Mo7种微量元素含量特征(变异系数、富集系数和浓集比率)显示,Cu、Au、W元素为区内成矿有利元素。运用统计学软件SPSS19对7种微量元素含量值进行R型聚类分析和R型因子分析,划分出Cu-Pb-Ag和Au-Mo两组主成矿元素组合。采用衬度异常法对成矿有利元素和两组主成矿元素组合进行处理成图,共圈定了2个异常靶区。经过地表工程和深部工程验证,确定了一条一定规模的工业铜矿体。     

化探在山西省刁泉大型银金铜矿床发现中的作用

在晋东北刁泉发现规模较大、元素组合较好的Ag-Pb-Au-Cu-Zn水系沉积物异常的基础上,通过1∶10000的土壤地球化学测量和地质补勘工作,探明刁泉铜矿床为大型银、金、铜矿床。     

化探在山西省刁泉大型银金铜矿床发现的作用

在晋东北泉发现规模较大，元素组合较好的Ag-Pb-Au-Cu-Zn水系沉积物异常的基础上，通过1：10000的土壤地球化学测量和地质补勘工作，探明刁泉铜矿床为大型银、金、铜矿床。     

安徽省泾县茶坑地区金矿土壤地球化学特征与成矿预测

通过土壤地球化学测量工作,查明测区中1.5km2内金、银、铜、铅等元素的含量分布与共生组合特征,圈定金、银、铜、铅等元素异常范围,对测区内的土壤地球化学元素组合进行评价,结合区域地质特征,依据综合多元地质信息分析模型,综合分析后圈出找矿有利成矿预测区,指导矿产勘查工作。     

西藏邦卓玛地区土壤地球化学特征及找矿预测

本文通过在西藏邦卓玛地区开展的1∶10000土壤地球化学测量工作,运用元素的变化系数、元素富集离散特征对邦卓玛地区土壤地球化学测量的12种微量元素进行地球化学统计分析,论述了12种微量元素的成矿潜力,得出Au、Ag、W、Pb、Sb 5种元素具有较大的成矿潜力。并通过相关分析、因子分析确立了测区内元素组合特征,共划分了三组主成矿元素组合(即Au-Ag-Cu-Bi-W;PbSn;Sb),运用衬值异常法在区内圈定组合异常,结果显示,组合异常明显,异常套合较好,大体呈NW向串珠状展布。根据组合衬值异常叠加,在研究区内圈定了4个重点靶区,为下一步在该区内寻找Au、Ag、Sb、W、Pb等多金属矿提供了理论依据。     

金寨县汤汇地区土壤地球化学特征及找矿意义

金寨县汤汇地区位于北淮阳构造带,通过在该地区开展1 ∶ 10000 土壤地球化学测量,研究区内不同元素的地球化学异常特征.根据不同元素的地球化学性质利用因子分析确定元素在空间上的异常组合.根据元素组合中不同元素之间的异常在空间上出现的叠加现象,圈定出以Au、Ag为主的AP-1综合异常带及以Cu、Au为主的AP-3综合异...     

藏东达翁金矿区土壤地球化学特征与找矿潜力研究

藏东达翁金矿区位于班公湖-怒江成矿带东段,其成矿地质背景和成矿地质条件优越。为研究该矿区找矿潜力,利用SPSS软件对1∶10000土壤地球化学测量获得的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Mo、W、Bi等10种元素数据进行多元统计分析,运用元素异常NAP值累加方法和组合元素NAP值异常评序方法分别对各元素的成矿潜力及综合异常的找矿潜力进行评价。结果表明：区内矿化与中酸性岩浆热液有关,Pb、As、Sb、Ag、Bi是矿化体前缘晕指示元素,Au是主成矿元素,W是近矿指示元素,Cu、Mo是矿化体尾晕指示元素;Au的成矿潜力最大,Bi、Mo成矿潜力较大,Sb、Ag有一定的成矿潜力;区内共圈定土壤地球化学综合异常5个,其中HS-1综合异常找矿潜力最大,其次是HS-4综合异常。结合成矿地质特征和异常查证结果认为,区内具有寻找隐爆角砾岩型金矿、斑岩型钼金矿的巨大潜力及热液型银锑铋多金属矿的较大潜力。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。