序言

序言邢兆铭（中国统配煤矿总公司生产司总工程师）这本文集收入了中国、美国、波兰、加拿大、日本、德国、瑞典和南非等８个国家利用地震学研究矿山震动和冲击地压（岩爆或矿山冲击）的多项成果。这是国内出版的介绍微震学在矿山应用方面的第一本文集。收入文章的内容比较...     

《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》索引

《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》是由地震部门和煤炭部门专家共同编辑的一本介绍微震学在矿山应用方面的文集。该文集收录了８个国家利用地震学研究矿山震动和冲击地压（岩爆或矿山冲击）的多项成果；比较广泛地介绍了国外在矿山地震及其安全防治方面的研究进展及国内的研究动向。但因经费原因，该文集未能公开出版。为了更好地发挥这些研究成果的借鉴作用，特编辑了这本《索引》，供采矿专业与地震界的科研人员查阅。本专辑作为《矿山地震学研究与进展专辑》的文献索引，共收录了国内外论文５８篇，其中，提供了国外３８篇论文文献的题目、作者、摘要、代码、目录、图题、表题、出处、原题和译（校、审）者等１０个条目；国内文献系最近一二年和即将发表的研究成果。该索引还收录了３篇对矿山地震学的学科发展颇有见解的“序”。     

矿井微震与冲击地压危险评价的研究现状

矿井微震与冲击地压是矿山的严重自然灾害。开展有关矿震与冲压的监视、预测和防治,是保证矿山安全生产的重要任务。     

用微震记录监测冲击地压前的应力变化

1988年10—11月间门头沟矿井下的慢速磁带记录系统共记到100多个事件,其中M_L=2.9的冲击地压为最大。通过地震记录图分析,我们发现这个冲击地压发生时和发生前十几小时,波通过震源区传播,波形发生畸变,S波波速增加、S波到时偏离正常情况。据非线性波动理论,我们认为这些现象是波通过非线性固体介质的直接效应。这些观测事实将为用微震记录监测冲击地压前的应力变化提供有力的理论依据。 矿山冲击地压和地震都是地壳内部岩体的不稳定性问题。它们有着以连续介质力学规律为基础的共同物理学本质。因此本文的结果不仅对矿山冲击地压的预报甚至对地震预报都是有意义的。     

八、矿山地震学在国内的部分工作

八、矿山地震学在国内的部分工作１．冲击地压机理的研究李玉生，煤炭学报，１９８４年，第３期，１０－１５页，代码Ｚ０８０１。２．矿震诱发机制的探讨徐世杰，地震，１９８７年，第５期，４４－４９页，代码Ｚ０８０２。３．构造地震与塌陷地震对比研究林怀存、王保平...     

矿山地震研究进展

矿山地震属于诱发地震。本文介绍了矿山地震的观测与研究概况、矿山地震的分类、矿山地震的震源机制和矿山地震研究的发展远景。     

大寒岭倒转背斜复杂煤层结构冲击地压研究

受大寒岭倒转背斜的影响,大安山煤矿14槽煤后槽形成了极为复杂的煤层结构,其轴部及附近和两翼形成的急倾斜煤层是高应力区,具有冲击倾向性。首先用ANSYS有限元软件建立了包括复杂煤层结构在内的矿山模型,利用单元生死技术模拟轴部及右翼开挖;在此基础上,分析了采场围岩的应力场和位移场,圈定了冲击地压发生的危险区域,分析了冲击地压发生的机理;预测了14槽煤后槽开采的冲击倾向性,并指出在实际开采时,必须采取防冲措施,为避免冲击地压事故的发生提供了技术支持,具有一定的参考价值。     

矿山地质公园真的有矿吗

矿山地质公园以人类矿业遗产景观为主体,反映了矿山开发传统作用和矿产业发展历史内涵,具有较高科学调查的研究价值和普及科学知识的教育功能。本文以湖北大冶铁矿公园和唐山开滦煤矿公园为例,展示出现今矿山地质公园的美观性、科普性、教育性,让人们从观念上更好地了解矿山地质公园的发展与现状。未来矿山地质公园必将向产业化发展,融合相关产业进行全域旅游,丰富矿山地质公园的文化产品,通过多种宣传方式打造品牌效应,推动自身发展及其周边地市的发展。     

门头沟矿微震的近场监测效能评估

本文介绍了SYLOK矿山微震系统在门矿的应用,指出最近台常常不参与定位,反映在灵敏度曲线上出现了非灵敏前区和非灵敏后区的现象。对于非灵敏前区的解释,可能与系统软件有关,但更大可能与冲击地压近场波动的动力特性有关。     

矿震预报可能性的探讨

矿震是危害矿山安全生产的严重灾害,人们在长期生产实践和研究探索中发现,应用断裂力学知识和地震科学知识以及矿山形变测量资料,有可能对矿山地震作出某种预报。     

Seismological Research on the Mining Tremors

A sophisticated seismological method has been introduced to the study of mining tremors by the Institute of Geophysics,SSB in cooperation with the Beijing Mining Bureau of NCC.Achievements have been obtained in the following areas:modification of the seismic monitoring system,compilation of a software package for analysis of mining tremors,research on the mechanical model for mining tremors,classification of mining tremors and development of an expert system of tremor prediction.     

Seismic activation of tectonic stresses by mining

Hard coal mining in the area of the Bytom Syncline (Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland) has been associated with the occurrence of high-energy seismic events (up to 10⁹ J; local magnitude up to 4.0), which have been recorded by the local mining seismological network and regional seismological network. It has been noticed that the strongest seismic events occur when the mine longwall alignments coincide with the syncline axis. Data recorded by the improved local seismic network in the Bobrek Mine allow the estimation of the depths of the events’ hypocentres during excavation of longwall panel 3 as it approached the syncline axis. The recorded data were also used to estimate the location of the rupture surface and stress distribution in the seismic focus region. It was concluded that tectonic stresses, particularly horizontal stress components, are essential in the distribution of seismic tremors resulting from reverse faulting. The stresses induced by mining activity are only triggering tectonic deformations. The hypocentres of the strongest seismic events during mining of longwall panel 3/503 were located 300–800 m deeper than the level of coal seam 503.     

Induced seismicity in mines in Canada—An overview

Monitoring of mine-induced seismicity in Canada has improved with the expansion of regional seismograph networks into areas of active mining. However, the severity, and in some cases the frequency, of mine-induced tremors has increased as mining extends to greater depths and at accelerated rates of extraction. Because of the complex design and large areal extent of many mines (potash, coal and metalliferous), the most feasible and practical way to monitor these tremors at the present time is to deploy a network of seismometers in and on the surface above mines experiencing microearthquake activity. A few of these mines already have a network of seismometers deployed around them and plans are under way to deploy seismograph networks around other mines that have experienced some rather severe tremors in recent times. Six possible mechanisms for mine-induced tremors are described and the associatedP- andS-wave radiation patterns presented. A comparison of actual seismic radiation patterns with theoretical predictions is a quick way to diagnose the potential source mechanisms. In addition, recognizing the pattern of microearthquake activity preceding larger tremors can be used to mitigate the potential effects of severe tremors.     

荷兰地震监测与研究

简要介绍了荷兰皇家气象研究所(KNMI)地震部所进行的地震领域的基础和应用性研究,其中包括次声研究、诱发地震研究、采矿法以及地震部所主持的欧洲地震数据交换和协调中心的工作。     

昌平南口山前断裂断层分段的地震学特征

利用北京昌平南口地区的地震活动性、震源参数与介质特性等对南口山前断裂进行断层分段，结果表明该断层各段的地震学特征差异明显，与地质学手段所得到的部分结果是一致的     

老虎台矿矿山地震活动规律研究

通过分析抚顺老虎台矿地质构造、开采、气象、矿震记录等资料,总结出了老虎台矿矿山地震活动的一些基本规律。研究结果表明,开采深度、强度、采煤方法等是影响矿震时序分布的主要因素,矿震在一年中的分布与同期降雨量成负相关,在现行开采条件下,矿震规模有增大的趋势,矿震空间分布主要受控于区内大的构造。     

软土地基上地表建筑系统的强震反应

本文导出了一种给出相对烈度在lg R~0之间的收敛解(忽略震级)的小震方程式。结合在贝加尔地区岩石抗震特性调查与文字资料和统一理论,使人们可对震源等势面进行评估。确定了在震源区边界处的地震烈度稳定性和弹性波在地壳中的传播,使得推导出从地震主要参数震级向随震中距不同的烈度定量计算的转换成为可能。获得了烈度(能通量的密度)对距离的双线性相关,给出了能通量密度和相对烈度之间的关系。求出了取决于地表建筑地基的物理特性的振动载荷烈度。在地震学角度,这种强震的定量预测方法是一种提供详细地震区划和场地小区划的可能手段之一。     

Analysis of spatial distribution of mining tremors occurring in Rudna copper mine (Poland)

The distribution of mining tremors is strictly related to the exploitation progress of mining works and, consequently, to the local stress field. In case the distribution is known, it is possible to determine future area of intensive seismicity in exploited mining panel. In the paper, an analysis of working face-to-tremor distance for Rudna copper mine in Poland is presented. In order to develop a spatial model of tremors’ occurrence in the exploited mine, the seismicity of four mining sections in the five-month period was investigated and the tremors’ distribution was obtained. It was compared with the spatial distribution of tremors in coal mines found in the literature. The results show that the places where tremors mostly occur — the vicinity of the face, in front of it — coincide with the high-stress area predicted by literature models. The obtained results help to predict the future seismic zone connected with planned mining section, which can be used in seismic hazard analysis.     

基于网络的数字地震台网数据处理系统设计

基于网络的数字地震台网数据处理系统(EDSP_NET)是根据区域数字地震台网在宽频带数据处理、 数据共享方面的需求开发的。 EDSP_NET运行于Windows平台, 用于汇集、 处理来自数字地震台站的波形数据, 实现台网中心间的数据共享, 监视台站和台网中心处理系统的运行状态。 详细介绍了系统结构和功能, 并简要介绍了系统的三个应用模式。