计算机+GPS OEM板进行精确时间测量的研究

介绍GPS OEM板的授时原理及计算机的计时原理；分析计算机串、并行接口的特性；研究用计算机串行接口、并行接口接收GPS秒脉冲实现精确计时的原理及具体实现过程，并通过实验分别给出了其计时精度。     

GPS芯片开发及授时性能分析

GPS接收机的核心器件即为GPS OEM板(即GPS芯片),对其直接进行开发,在使用上具有灵活方便、经济实用、便于融合等优点。本文以Motorola M12MT+TIMING ONCORE型GPS OEM板为例,论述了GPS OEM板的具体开发使用过程和相关注意事项,并对其授时性能、1pps(秒脉冲)输出的特点等进行了研究,提供了用其实现精确授时的方法,并对授时精度进行了分析,对于测量中精确数字授时的实现具有一定的实际意义。     

一种高精度数据同步测量方法研究

在光学摄像测量中,各种数据的同步采集在事后处理中尤为重要。目前GPS授时同步技术已经很成熟,它具有精度高,操作灵活等优点,可以很好地应用于光学摄像测量中。本文深入研究了GPS OEM板授时原理,在分析了GPS OEM板芯片中RS232时间输出与1pps输出特点的基础上,基于VC开发环境下实现了GPS OEM板与计算机串口的通信,为摄像测量设置一精确的时间起点,再利用CPU时间戳进行高精度计时,这样整个测量系统就有一高精度的时钟,任一数据的产生都被标记上精确的绝对时刻,利用这些时刻信息就间接地实现了摄像测量数据的高精度同步。实验数据表明,该方法的同步精度可以达到毫秒级,可以满足光学摄像测量的同步精度要求。     

利用串行接口开发具有授时功能的GPS OEM板

介绍了GPSOEM板接收机输出的导航数据及授时信号的特点,研究了利用物理串口及USB转换串口对具有授时功能的GPS OEM板接收机的导航及授时功能进行开发的方法,并对各自的计时精度进行了分析。     

多通道时间传递接收机NTSCGPS-1的研制与测试

近20年来，GPS共视(GPS CV)技术作为一种主要技术被用于TAI时间比对。GPS时间传递接收机是进行GPSCV时间比对的主要设备。介绍了中科院国家授时中心采用Motorola VP Oncore GPS OEM板、GT200计数器研发的高精度、多通道GIPS时间传递接收机NTscGPS-1的原理和特点。并通过实际观测数据分析，认为NTSCGPS-1的观测噪声水平与其它时间传递接收机相当，并有较好的兼客性。     

单站GPS载波平滑伪距精密授时研究

给出了单站GPS载波相位平滑伪距授时的原理和数学模型,详细分析了单站GPS载波相位平滑伪距授时的技术难点和授时精度评定的表征量,并编程对IGS站观测数据进行处理.实验结果表明,单站GPS载波相位平滑伪距精密授时的绝对钟差精度可达到ns级.     

基于FPGA的GPS高精度短时标的精度分析与改善

提出了利用GPS的精确授时功能,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)技术,构建高精度短时标的设计方法.为了确保短时标的同步精度,从晶体的准确度以及守时精度等方面进行了理论和数据分析,采取了一系列措施保证了短时标设计μs级的精度.     

顾及模糊度函数及残差的GPS快速定向算法

GPS除了能进行定位、测速和授时外，还可以进行方位的测量。对基于两片GPS OEM板同步载波相位观测量来测定载体的精确方位进行了算法研究。应用GPS的相位双差观测方程和两个天线间已知的准确距离，对方位角和俯仰角进行两维的搜索，搜索中采用了模糊度函数作为初始判断依据，然后再依据一定历元数据的残差进行分析得到比较准确的方位角。从而再反求出相位的模糊度，最后采用最小二乘原理计算出基线矢量，从而最终得到精确的方位和俯仰角。经过试验表明，该算法是切实可行，在5m基线下，方位精度能达到0．08度，而且定向时间一般只需40秒钟左右。     

利用VB6.0开发GPS OEM板

对GPS OEM板的特性、功能及数据结构进行了分析，阐述了利用VB6.0进行数据通讯的特点及实际应用，并给出了CMC Superstar GPS OEM板导航数据的接收程序。     

北斗卫星导航系统单星授时精度分析

为研究北斗卫星导航系统单星授时精度,本文基于GPS单星授时原理,结合北斗卫星多种类型星座特点,编写了BDS单星授时软件。利用iGMAS站数据进行了试验,在对原始数据进行监测并将异常信息剔除后,将授时结果与中国测绘科学研究院北斗分析中心（CGS）钟差文件进行比对,分析了BDS不同轨道卫星（GEO/IGSO/MEO）下的BDS单星授时精度。结果表明,GEO卫星的授时精度为27.39 ns,IGSO卫星的授时精度为18.37 ns,MEO卫星的授时精度为18.62 ns。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.