气象节目电视制播系统配置及技术发展

通过对影视制作技术发展的分析,阐述了气象节目电视制播系统的发展趋势,提出计算机技术的开发与应用是拓展电视天气预报制作系统的关键这一观点;列举的目前电视天气预报制作系统的几种形式,有利于系统建设中高、中、低不同档次的技术配置设计;描述了数字化制作技术的发展前景,并构造了1个以ATM和Fiber Channel相结合为网络系统,非线性编辑站为主要编录设备的数字化电视制作方案,为数字化升级提供了系统参考.     

对气象影视集约化发展的几点思考

通过分析目前山东各地市气象影视的发展情况,指出了县级电视天气预报制作存在的问题,分析了市代县制作天气预报节目的趋势,结合本单位实际,提出了市代县制作电视天气预报节目的方法,并总结了气象影视节目市代县制作模式的利弊.     

如何在通用字幕系统上制作动画天气预报图

通用字幕系统，由于其问市时间早，技术较为成熟，现已成为影视界广泛使用的专业字幕系统，如新奥特公司的NC8000、金四维公司的SW9000等等。气象系统的许多局（台）也采用这些设备进行节目制作，特别是一些独立制作电视天气预报节目较早的单位。但随着影视制作技术的发展，制作节目的要求越来越高，于是通用字幕系统在专业节目制作上的一些缺点便暴露出来。例如，其不支持动画天气符号（天气预报图中），就已成为气象电视节目制作中的一大缺陷。1996年7月1日，在经过多次试验以后，我们在广西一台、二台、广西有线台的电视天气预报节目中…     

电视天气预报业务的发展和设备配备

简述了电视事业及电视天气预报业务的发展情况，重点论述了电视天气预报制作系统的设备配置情况及选择及设备和节目制作时应注意的问题。     

对电视天气预报节目定位问题的思考

到1998年初,气象部门独立制作电视天气预报节目已有12个年头。最新统计资料表明,全国各地450多家电视台先后播出由气象部门制作的天气预报节目,有27个省（市、自治区）的电视天气预报节目推出了节目主持人,天气预报节目已进入千家万户,受到了广大观众的欢迎,其收视率在各地电视台始终名列前茅。从全国首届电视天气预报节目观摩评比活动中看到,～支活跃而有生机的气象队伍正在积极从事着新兴的气象影视事业。在电视天气预报节目制作硬件建设逐步完善的同时,开展电视天气预报节目制作理论的研究,是摆在每一个气象影视工作者面前的一…     

气象电视节目传输系统的设计与实现

四川省气象服务中心制作的电视天气预报节目传输一直采用人工送带方式,这种方式浪费大量的人力、物力以及时间成本,具有一定的安全播出风险和隐患,亟需改变现状,保障气象影视公共服务的质量和水平。为此,我们设计并建立了方便、快捷的气象电视节目传输系统,系统可实现将气象服务中心制作的电视天气预报节目信号进行编码后发送到光端机,由光端机通过光纤传输到广电网络公司机房,在广电网络机房进入适配器,适配后的信号调度到四川广播电视台新址机房进行解码办公输出。此业务自投入运行以来,为气象电视节目的传输提高了效率以及更加安全和稳定的保障,有效提高了气象服务现代化水平。     

浅析内蒙古数字化电视天气预报制作系统建设

数字技术在电视天气预报中的应用,使得电视天气预报节目制作系统告别了模拟技术,完全向数字技术转化,彻底实现了天气预报节目与电视台数字化节目的匹配。文章从数字化建设的必要性、设计思路、技术方法、设备选配、数字化节目制作以及安全维护等几个方面深入浅出地分析数字化电视天气预报制作系统建设。     

探讨青海气象影视中心电视天气预报节目制作系统

利用电视媒介发布天气预报是气象部门对外服务的重要手段,公众通过天气预报了解当地乃至全国的天气情况,可以合理地安排工作和生活,政府各级领导也可以通过电视天气预报了解信息,有效进行防灾、抗灾的决策。因此,搞好电视天气预报节目,可以大大提高气象服务的社会经济效益,扩大气象部门的知名度。本文对青海气象影视中心电视天气预报、节目制作系统的现状进行了分析,由此提出了新一代电视天气预报节目制作系统的机构和连接方式,对节目的运行和维持提出几点粗浅的认识。     

电视天气预报节目数字传输技术的应用

1 引言 黑龙江省各地气象部门都有了自己的气象影视制作系统,气象节目越来越受到百姓的认可.气象栏目不但承担着公众气象信息传播的职责,而且节目中附加的广告也同样受到用户的接受,因此气象电视节目播出的质量不仅会直接影响到观众的收看效果,也会影响到企业的经济效益,影响到气象科技服务的发展.本文结合实际,探讨电视天气预报节目如何制作生成与电视台硬盘播出系统对接的文件和数字传输技术的一些问题.     

气象虚拟演播室的故障分析与处理

虚拟演播室技术已广泛应用于气象部门天气预报节目制作,由于节目录制时间受天气预报制作时间的限制,当虚拟演播室出现故障时,不能及时修复将影响节目的正常播出。此文针对潍坊市气象影视制作中心虚拟演播室在视、音频素材采集过程中遇到的信号干扰、黑屏及重要设备故障等问题进行了原因分析并提出处理方法。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.