The prewarning value of Alexandrium tamarense PSP in an area with frequent outburst of red tide

1 IntroductionParalytic shellfish poisons (PSP) that refer tothe toxins produced by the harmful algal bloom(HAB) have the greatest impact and the widest dis-tribution among marine HAB toxins threatening hu-man life and health. Accordingto statistics, PSP …     

The effects of sediment from an industrial outfall area on a marine planktonic ecosystem

-Sediment from Xiamen industrial area was added to marine ecosystem enclosures to test the effects on the planktonic communities in Xiamen Bay, China, in April, 1985. Sediments were added at two concentrations, 11.2 and 112 ppm dry wt. respectively. The species of phytoplankton did not change as compared with the control, but the number of diatoms markedly decreased in the sediment treated enclosures. A suppression of photosynthesis was presumed to be due to light attenuation by the added sediment. Microflagellates, zooplankton and bacteria were resistant to sediment increase in water column.     

New species and new records of diatoms from Xiamen Harbour

In planktonic diatom samples collected from Xiamen Harbour, Xiamen,Fujian,China from January 1983 to December 1984, two species and varieties are new to science and three species are recorded for the first time in China. New species is Tropidoneis constricta Li,Cheng et Chin sp. nov. ,new variety is Fragilaria longissima v. protenta Li,Cheng et Chin var. nov. ,new recorded species are FragUaria heidenii Ostrup.F.oceanica Cleve and Thalassiosira punctigera Hasle.     

厦门西港浮游动物生态研究

本文根据１９９４年７月和１２月于厦门西港所获得的调查资料,分析了浮游动物的丰度及其季节和年际变化,讨论了浮游动物的物种和生态类群多样性,结果表明,７月浮游动物湿重生物量月均值约为１２月的２．５６倍,与历史资料相比,呈逐年趋势;７月和１２月在西港共记录浮游动物５５种和多种浮游幼体,它们分别隶属于５个生态类群,文中还分析了潮汐地浮游动物分布的影响。     

A potential source of recruitment of Acartia pacifica nauplii: viable benthic resting eggs

1 Introduction M any estuarine and coastal copepods that havepreviously been classified as holoplankton m ightbestbe described as adultm eroplankton since they actuallyspend a portion oftheir life cycle in the seabed as rest-ing eggs [review ed by G rice and M arcus (1981) andM arcus (1996)]. R esting eggs can be extrem ely abun-dant (106 m ) in bays and estuaries especially w here -2w aterdepths are less than 20 m (M arcus,1989).Theyare likely to profoundly influence the dynam ics ofpel…     

厦门三个重要养殖水域浮游动物的数量分布特征

本文主要研究2000年厦门3个重要养殖水域浮游动物的种类组成和数量分布特征,并就其与环境因子的关系进行了初步探讨.结果表明,在这3个重要养殖水域共记录到浮游动物102种及16种浮游幼虫,以近岸、河口低盐种类为主.种类数的季节分布与水温的季节变化一致浮游动物生物量、个体数量与叶绿素a含量、浮游植物细胞数呈显著的二次抛物线关系.受地理环境和海水盐度影响,浮游动物的分布具明显的差异,数量一般呈马銮湾>厦门西港>同安湾(含东咀港和浔江港).浮游动物数量季节分布呈现春季高,冬、夏季居中,秋季最低的特点,除受水温等因子影响外,也与养殖贝类的数量密切相关.     

光合细菌在海湾扇贝工厂化育苗生产中的应用研究

1999年2月6日－4月10日,在青岛市崂山区海水育苗场80m3水体育苗池中,进行了几株光合细菌混合菌液作为海湾扇贝（Argopectonirradians）幼体及稚贝培育期水质净化剂及辅助饵料育苗生产试验,取得了显著效果。浮游幼体生长速度提高了18．3％,浮游期成活率提高20．3％,幼本提前30个小时出现眼点,稚贝变态率提高14．5％,产量提高94％。     

赤潮多发区塔玛亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒预警值研究

以厦门西海域养殖的翡翠贻贝为实验对象,在实验室内对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour)Balech)采用单种培养技术,运用“麻痹性贝毒小白鼠生物检测法”进行毒性实验,研究了塔玛亚历山大藻对翡翠贻贝的麻痹性贝毒的毒力,藻密度为1×105个/dm3时,白鼠未死亡;藻密度为1×106个/dm3时,白鼠发生死亡.厦门西海域近年来暴发的赤潮一般起始于局部海区无害硅藻类浮游植物,在生态环境恶化下,硅藻类赤潮在生存竞争中消退,最终暴发有害赤潮.以试验结果为依据,根据厦门海域实际情况,参考各国贝毒临界值行动标准,提出适合南方赤潮多发区塔玛亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒藻密度预警值为1×105个/dm3.     

A potential source of recruitment of Acartia pacifica nauplii: viable benthic resting eggs

Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs varied temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10⁴m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10⁴ m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10⁴ and 3.3×10⁴ m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0～10 cm),although not in every station. The maximin number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.     

厦门港湾蟹类的分布

本文根据我所1980年8月至1981年10月厦门港湾海洋环境综合调查,选取其季度月(11,2,5,8月)资料,研究该港湾蟹类的种类组成、数量分布与季节变化。     

Particulate organic carbon supply to the sea bottom: stable carbon isotope ratio analysis of the sediment trap samples at the mouth of otsuchi bay,Northeastern Japan

An array of sediment traps was deployed for the analysis of the pattern of particulate organic carbon (POC) supply to the sea bottom in April, May and July 1988 at the mouth of Otsuchi Bay (about 80 m depth), Northeastern Japan.On the basis of a simple two-component mixing model using stable carbon isotope ratios, the POC flux was separated into marine planktonic and terrestrial components. Both the planktonic and terrestrial POC fluxes had maximum values at 30 m above the sea bottom throughout the three experiments. The planktonic POC flux showed a significant decrease with depth between 30 m and 10 m or 5 m above the bottom. Vertical supply of the planktonic POC and supply of the resuspended planktonic POC were estimated on the basis of regression lines between water depth and the planktonic POC flux in the depth range where the flux decreases with depth.Vertical supply of the planktonic POC and supply of the resuspended planktonic POC to the sea bottom were largest in May (52.1 mgC m^–2 d^–1 and 19.5 mgC m^–2 d^–1 at 5 m above the sea bottom), and horizontal supplies of the terrestrial POC were almost constant (31.9±3.5 mgC m^–2 d^–1 at 5 m above the bottom) throughout the three experiments.     

莱州湾近岸海域浮游纤毛虫群落组成和季节变化

浮游纤毛虫是真核微型生物的重要类群,在浮游生态系统中发挥着重要作用。利用传统形态学与高通量测序技术相结合的方法,于2020年9月至2021年8月对莱州湾三山岛近岸浮游纤毛虫进行每月两次的调查。对环境DNA的18S rRNA基因的V4区进行高通量测序,结果显示无壳寡毛类(占纤毛虫序列丰度的40.14%)和砂壳纤毛虫(10.67%)是优势类群,并且具有明显的季节变化。无壳寡毛类在冬季序列相对丰度最高,主要由急游虫属(Strombidium)和急游虫科未定类群(Strombidiidae_X)组成;砂壳类在春夏季序列相对丰度最高,主要由砂壳目未定类群(Tintinnida_XX)和拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)组成。浮游纤毛虫群落的β多样性呈现显著的季节变化,而α和β多样性在站点间差异均不显著。与环境因子的RDA分析显示,总有机碳和溶解氧含量是影响纤毛虫群落结构的主要环境驱动因子。形态学方法共检获鉴定17种纤毛虫,分别隶属于7个属,其中砂壳类在多样性和检获频率上均为最优势类群。研究填补了莱州湾三山岛海域浮游纤毛虫的多样性、群落结构和季节动态研究的空白,同时为深入研究温带海湾近岸浮游纤毛虫群落的长期变化规律以及对环境因子的响应机制提供本底资料。     

厦门湾深水航道资源开发的探讨

本文从分析厦门湾航道资源现状入手 ,论述了厦门湾开发深水航道的迫切性 ,提出了厦门湾深水航道资源开发原则和布局。这些原则和布局可为今后厦门湾港口、航道资源开发提供科学依据。     

On the measurement of socioeconomic benefits of integrated coastal management (ICM): Application to Xiamen,China

We develop a systematic approach for the measurement of overall socioeconomic benefits associated with an integrated coastal management (ICM) program. The analytical framework includes multiple marine industry sectors (e.g., ocean shipping and commercial fisheries) as well as environmental sectors (e.g., coastal erosion). The net benefit measure captures both economic and environmental effects. We apply our analytical model to Xiamen, China, using empirical data from 1992 to 2001. Results of the case study show that the implementation of ICM program in Xiamen has led to a significant increase (over 40%) in annual socioeconomic benefit from its marine sectors. Thus, the Xiamen ICM program has been effective in achieving sustainable development.     

盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响

采用突变和渐变两种实验方法检验了盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长和变态的影响。这两个实验，在盐度21．0－27．5的范围内，幼虫均有较高的存活率、变态率和较快的生长速度。其中，在盐度24．0处，幼虫的存活率和变态率都最高，生长速度也最大。不管盐度如何，幼虫较快的生长速度总是和自发变态前较短的浮游期联系的，尽管渐变盐度没能使幼虫的存活率、变态率、生长速度、变态个体的大小以及浮游期的长度得到显著的改变，却明显地加宽了幼虫存活和变态的盐度范围。渐变盐度的实验方法优于突变盐度的实验方法。     

厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾的运动特性及输移机理

作为新型海洋污染物,海洋塑料垃圾入海通量计算过程中涉及的源汇过程、迁移途径、输运过程等尚未完全清楚,需进一步研究完善。以工业高速发展的厦门湾为研究对象,考虑潮流、入海径流、风等因素的影响,基于MIKE3软件的生物仿真模拟技术(Agent Based Modelling),模拟研究了漂浮及悬浮塑料垃圾的分布特征和迁移规律,并提出经验公式对沉积塑料垃圾的通量进行了预测。结果表明漂浮塑料垃圾在不利风、常风向和最大风的作用下集中堆积于岸线处。而悬浮塑料垃圾由海面向下呈现指数式下降的分布特征,且其水平迁移分布与潮流运动密切相关;流速小的区域悬浮塑料垃圾更容易堆积使局部浓度升高。悬浮塑料垃圾的扩散速率也与塑料颗粒的物理性质有关,沉降速度小的塑料颗粒在水中悬浮的时间更长,更容易被传输到距离污染源更远的地方。同时,研究发现沉积微塑料通量的增长规律近似为线性变化,通量大小与厦门塑料产量和厦门湾的水动力特性相关。     

Paradigms for planktonic assemblages: 50 years of contributions from the Leigh Marine Laboratory,Northland, New Zealand

Abstract

Plankton includes the primary producers and consumers that are critical for healthy ecosystem function in the marine realm. My objective was to identify the major contributions of the Leigh Marine Laboratory to our broader understanding of planktonic assemblages. Significant contributions were made prior to 1990 on the ecology of larval fishes. From the 1990s the focus changed to the sensory biology of larval invertebrates and fishes, with a strong emphasis given to the role of reef sound in attracting potential settlers. Both early and post 1980s research has been highly influential in a paradigm shift away from passively drifting larvae that have little control over their fate. Important contributions have also been made on the dynamics of nutrient–phytoplankton interactions, larval development and aquaculture. Opportunities abound for future research on the dynamics of planktonic assemblages in shelf waters and in changing seas.     

不同潮时对厦门湾水体中234Th/238U不平衡的影响

厦门湾水体中2 3 4 Th 2 3 8U不平衡的时间序列数据表明 ,无论是溶解态、颗粒态2 3 4 Th还是总2 3 4 Th ,相对于母体2 3 8U均严重亏损 ,呈现出与开阔大洋水明显不同的特征。溶解态、颗粒态2 3 4 Th的停留时间介于 0 .5— 41d之间 ,其中低潮时停留时间比高潮时小 2— 4倍 ,证实近岸海域具有强烈的清除、迁出作用 ,且潮汐变化对海域颗粒动力学特征有重要影响。2 3 4 Th停留时间与总悬浮颗粒物浓度 (TSM)、Chl.a的关系则表明 ,近岸海域元素的清除、迁出作用主要受陆源颗粒物输送的影响 ,与生物活动关系并不密切。此外 ,非稳态与稳态清除模型结果的对比证明 ,稳态模型对于具有强烈清除、迁出作用的近岸海域是适用的     

Spatial distribution and community structure of phytoplankton,ciliates and zooplankton coupled to environmental factors in the Sousse saltern (Sahel of Tunisia)

The composition and distribution of the main planktonic halophilic microorganisms were studied in 12 ponds of different salinity levels, ranging from 38 to 328, in the saltern of Sousse, Tunisia, in relation to environmental factors. Nutrient concentrations increased with decreasing salinity in the ponds. Phytoplankton, ciliate and zooplankton communities were very diverse and varied spatially in relation to salinity in the ponds and to nutrient availability. Phytoplankton were dominated by diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates, in primary ponds where salinities were <100, and by the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae in ponds with higher salinity. Zooplankton were dominated by copepods in the ponds of lowest salinity and by the brine shrimp Artemia salina in the most saline ponds. Within the planktonic community as a whole, diatoms, Spirotrichaea and copepods (68.9%, 89.9% and 71.05%, respectively) dominated in the lower-salinity ponds whereas Chlorophyceae, heterotrichs and Artemia salina (49.19%, 50.4% and 90%, respectively) dominated in the ponds of higher salinity. Despite the considerable constraint imposed by salinity, other environmental factors such as temperature also play a role in regulating the planktonic communities.     

厦门湾有色溶解有机物的光吸收特性研究

研究了厦门湾九龙江河口区、西海域、同安湾及东侧水道海水中有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM的河口行为,并讨论了CDOM光吸收特性与其荧光性质之间的关系。结果表明,厦门湾表层海水CDOM光吸收系数a(355)的水平分布表现为河口区最高、东侧水道最低、西海域和同安湾介于两者之间,底层水a(355)的分布与表层基本相似,表明陆源河流输入是厦门湾CDOM的主要来源;a(355)的垂直分布为表层高于底层,主要受水文和生物因素控制。厦门湾表层水CDOM光谱斜率S的平均值介于0.014—0.018nm-1,但河口低盐度区S值较小,反映陆源腐殖质的影响。a(355)在河口混合中呈保守行为,表明CDOM具有良好的保守性质。CDOM的吸收系数a(355)与其荧光强度之间表现为较好的相关关系,指示可以用灵敏度更高的荧光方法来研究CDOM的分布和行为。