以可区分度量为准则进行变形监测网的优化设计

本文采用变形模型可区分度量的概念进行监测网的优化设计。在算法上采用计算机模拟逐一更新的计算过程。为了克服常规模拟法需要人工干预的缺点,引进了一些规则,利用计算机的判断和推理过程,达到了自动设计的目的。作为示范例子,文中最后还给出了一个模拟监测网的设计结果。     

以可区分度量为准则进行变形监测网的优化设计

本文采用变形模型可区分度量的概念进行监测网的优化设计。在算法上采用计算机模拟逐一更新的计算过程，为了克服常规模拟法需要人工干预的缺点，引进了一些规则，利用计算机的判断和推理过程，达到了自动设计的目的，作为示范例子，文中最后还给出了一个模拟监测网的设计结果。     

以双可区分度为准则的变形监测网非线性动态优化设计

在监测网设计阶段，不仅要考虑不同变形模型之间的可区分度，而且要研究变形与粗差的可区分度，即双可区分度，以利以后进行变形分析。文中导出了变形与粗差的可区分度，并以双可区分度为准则进行监测网非线性动态优化设计。同时给出了一个非线性直接优化算法，该算法避开了常规的台劳级数线性展开的方法，易于在计算机上实现。     

变形监测网的质量测度

对变形监测网络的质量测度－精度、灵敏度和可区分度进行了讨论，重点论述了它们之间的关系及应用的条件，并以算例加以论证。     

水准动态网优化设计的运动参数可区分度法

本文在分析了水准动态网的特点后，将水准动态网现有的优化设计方法－“高程精度”法、“运动参数精度”法和“灵敏度”法扩展到“运动参数可区分度”法，并导出了有关公式，给出了一个算例。     

变形模型的可发现性分析

本方针对几种典型的变形模型，通过可发现性分析，从理论上指出了监测网中各观测元素的作用。     

监测网的可区分测试

监测网的设计阶段，变形体的变形特性不是完全清楚的情况下，须考虑监测网的可区分测度。本文详细讨论了监测网的可区分问题，导出了有关的公式，并以算例加以分析和说明，最后论述了监测网设计的可区分准则。     

变形监测网的可区分性分析

本文首先借助于Gauss-Markov模型下两个多维备选假设检验的理论,将变形监测网单个备选假设下的灵敏度,在顾及模型误差的情况下,扩展成监测网的可区分性理论,提出了监测网的可区分性和区分可靠性概念;其次,对于监测网在三种典型变形模型(单点移动,错动和均匀应变)下变形与粗差的可区分性进行了讨论,获得了一些有益的结论。     

监测网的可区分测度

监测网的设计阶段，变形体的变形特性不是完全清楚的情况下，须考虑监测网的可区分测度．本文详细讨论了监测网的可区分问题，导出了有关的公式，并以算例加以分析和说明，最后论述了监测网设计的可区分准则．     

APPLICATION OF SEPARABILITY CRITERION IN DESIGN OF DEFORMATION MONITORING NETWORKS

A monitoring scheme must be so designed that several possible mod-els can be efficiently separated in the stage of analysis of deformation measure-ments.Based on the concept of separability developed by Chen and Chrzanowski,a methodology for the design of monitoring schemes has been developed by the au-thors.In the method a computer simulation technique is employed,into whichsome rules have been elaborated allowing minimal human intervention.In this pa-per the criterion is first presented and the design technique using the step one up-dating procedure is discussed.Finally,design of a simulated monitoring networkis made as a demonstrating example.     

特大型桥梁平面变形监测设计与实践

本文根据某特大型桥梁平面监测实际,提出了分段分级布设监测网的方案。在同时顾及精度、可靠性和工作量的情况下,利用机助法对直伸边角网进行了优化设计,提出了最优布网方案和观测方法。经过几年的观测实践证明,该设计方案是可行的,符合实际情况,满足了工程要求。     

Improvement of the separability of a survey scheme for monitoring crustal deformations in the area of an active fault

 Monitoring of the crustal movements along a tectonic fault is of particular importance in the study of the mechanism of an earthquake. There are several techniques to gauge crustal deformations, including terrestrial survey methods, space-positioning techniques and permanently installed geotechnical instruments. Each technique or method has its own advantages and limitations. Integration of the various techniques into a monitoring scheme is recommended. It is discussed how a proper integrated system can significantly improve the separability of a monitoring scheme at little additional expense. Separability is the ability of a monitoring scheme to distinguish among potential deformation models, and can be used for the optimum design of monitoring schemes. Discussion concentrates on the separability between a dislocation model and a rigid movement model in the area of an active fault. The addition of a few strain observations to a conventional terrestrial survey scheme can better distinguish between the above-mentioned models. A simulated example is presented to demonstrate the idea. Received: 4 November 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 2001     

顾及多因素影响的双线性变形模型及其动态参数估计

为了描述变形体的非线性变化规律，同时为了顾及外界环境因素对变形体的影响，本文建立了时不变和时变双线性混合回归变形模型与时不变和时变双线性动态系统变形模型。给出了双线性变形模型的动态参数估计。算例说明，对非线性变化趋势的变形体建立双线性变形模型的有效性和实用性。     

整体大地测量的理论和实际应用

本文着重介绍整体大地测量确定性参数模型的理论和整体大地测量的误差分析方法，并进一步说明整体大地测量研究的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

数字高程模型的野外采样密度与精度

本文研究了通过野外采样构成数字高程模型的精度与采样点密度的关系,通过实验论证,提出了地貌数据的采样方法、采样密度和内插方法的初步看法,并进行了相应的精度分析。     

OUTLIER DETECTION AND RELIABILITY OF ADJUSTMENT MODELS WITH SINGULAR COVARIANCE MATRICES

Up to now,outlier detection and reliability theory are generallybased on the regular Gauss-Markov models,in which the covariance matrix of ob-servations is positively definite.For the adjustment models with singular covari-ance matrix,the statistics for outlier detection are derived by the authors.Thecorresponding reliability theory is developed.And the application of the theory isdemonstrated with a practical example.