台湾海峡西部海域水体中的二氧化碳体系

据１９８４年５月至１９８５年２月的调查资料，计算了该水体中二氧化碳体系各要素的统计值，着重研究了它们的季节变化及其与水文，化学和生物因子的关系。结果表明该水体中ＰＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，ＨＣＯ３，∑ＣＯ２，ＣＯ＾２＾－３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ３／∑ＣＯ２，ＨＣＯ２，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＣＯ＾２＾－３，∑ＣＯ２／Ｃｌ，Ωｃ，Ωａ和Ｃ：Ｎ：Ｐ平均值依次分别为２５１ｄＰａ，８．４３μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ×３     

等鞭金藻8701培养液的营养组成研究

等鞭金藻８７０１品系是作用（周，孙）新分离的一个单细饵料藻种。其形态构造与绿光等鞭金藻相同，便适温远较后者为低。通过单因子和正交试验表明，培养液的最佳配方是在天然海水中加入ＮａＮＯ３３０ｐｐｍ，ＣＯ（ＨＮ２）２１５ｐｐｍ，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４或ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４－８ｐｐｍ，ＦｅＣ６Ｈ５Ｏ７０．５ｐｐｍ，维生素Ｂ１０．１ｐｐｍ和维生素Ｂ１２０．０００５ｐｐｍ。     

胶州湾营养盐的现状和变化

报道了１９９１年５月至１９９４年２月１２个航次胶州湾ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的时空分布基本特征，６０年代于至９０年代的变化表明，胶州湾营养盐的浓度和分布已发生显变化。尤其从６０年代至８０年代，３０年来，胶州湾中东部水城ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度分别增加２．２，７．３和７．１倍，ＴＯＮ浓度也增加了３．５倍，ＴＩＮ／ＰＯ４－Ｐ从１０增加至２４．２；Ｔ     

台湾海峡西部海水二氧化碳体系各分量与环境因子的相关性

据１９８４年５月至１９８５年２月调查资料，计算了该水体中二氧化碳体系各分量的含量，研究了它们与ｐＨ，ＨＣＯ＾－３／ＣＯ＾２－３，Ａｌｋ，ＤＩＮ，ＰＯ＾３－４－９，Ｃｈｌ－ａＤＯ，Ｓ，ｔ等环境因子的相关性。结果表明ＰＣＯ３，ＣＯ２（Ｔ），ＨＣＯ＾－３，ＣＯ＾２－３与ｐＨ，ＨＣＯ＾－３／ＣＯ＾２－３呈极显著的线性相关；ＨＣＯ＾－３，ＣＯ＾２－３ΣＣＯ２与Ａｌｋ也呈非常显著的线性相关。     

海水中二苯并噻吩的光化学氧化动力学研究

实验研究天然海水中二苯并噻吩的光化学氧化的动力学。结果发现,二苯并噻吩光化学氧化的速率会受到介质、光敏剂、重金属离子以及辐射强度的影响。其一级反应速率常数为３．９×１０－６～１．８×１０－５ｓ－１。Ｃｕ２＋和Ｈｇ２＋能明显加快二苯并噻吩的光氧化速率。光源离反应容器越近,其降解速率越大。溶解氧的含量越低,二苯并噻吩的光降解速率越慢,这说明溶解氧参与了二苯并噻吩的光氧化过程。由此证实,光化学过程是二苯并噻吩在海水中迁移变化的重要途径。     

改性膨润土对赤潮落种及海水中DRP,COD的去除效应

实验室研究了不同条件制备的改性膨润土对赤潮生物及海水中ＤＲＰ,ＣＯＤ的去除效应,结果表明,改性膨润土有效Ａｌ为１．５％时去除效应最好,经Ｎａ２ＳＯ４,Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３改性的膨润土在ｐＨ＝５．５时去除效应最佳,改性膨润土的去除效率随Ａｌ／ＳＯ４比值增加而增加,改性膨润土添加絮凝剂醋甲壳质和Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２提高了去除功效。     

掺Eu~(2+)的卤磷酸盐的发光特性和内部能量传递

探讨Ｂａ２＋离子搀杂对（Ｃａ０．５Ｓｒ０．５）５（ＰＯ４）３Ｃｌ：Ｅｕ２＋和（Ｃａ０．４Ｓｒ０．６）５（ＰＯ４）３Ｃｌ：Ｅｕ２＋量子发光效率的影响。当用Ｂａ２＋离子代替Ｃａ２＋或Ｓｒ２＋离子进入晶体时，Ｅｕ２＋离子的发光特性发生改变：发射峰的峰值降低，热猝灭的温度升高。并采用位型坐标理论给予解释。根据晶体的结构特征，对占据两个不等当晶体学位置的Ｅｕ２＋离子发光中心之间的能量传递进行了探讨     

海洋微生物对石油烃降解的研究：Ⅰ.浙江省海岛海域石油烃降解细菌的…

本文报导了浙江省海岛海域中石油烃降解细菌的丰度分布及其种群组成。在整个浙江海域所布设的１０２个站位中，９６％的站位可以分离到石油烃降解细菌、其数量分布范围在３．０×１０＾２－１．１×１０＾５个／ｄｍ＾３，低值出现在南麂列岛附近海域；在杭州湾南部水域所布设的２６个站位中１００％的站位可以分离到石油烃降解细菌，其数量分布范围在４０×１０＾２－１．２×１０＾５个／ｄｍ＾３；石油烃降解到石油烃降解细菌其数     

南海东北部沉积物间隙水氮和硅的研究

测定了南海东北部沉积物间隙水中ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量。６个站位的５─１０ｃｍ层的ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的含量分别为０．４７—１．７０，０．８４—２．６０和１０．１７—１１．６９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。研究了上述物质含量在５０号站的深度分布。估算了ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ从间隙水向上覆水扩散的通量分别为０．０３３和０．０１９ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２·ｄ。     

亚甲基蓝在水体系中的光化学降解研究

研究水体系中亚甲基蓝的光化学降解.结果表明,在高压汞灯照射下,亚甲基蓝在人工海水中降解得最快,蒸馏水次之,而在天然海水中降解得最慢.通过对比研究发现.重金属离子(Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+)和腐殖酸能够在一定程度上抑制亚甲基蓝的光降解;而丙酮能促进亚甲基蓝的光降解.由此可见,重金属离子和腐殖酸可能是造成亚甲基蓝在天然海水中降解缓慢的主要因素之一.     

Phenolics in aquatic ecosystems: A selected review of recent literature

This review surveys the pertinent literature on phenolics in the aquatic ecosystem. Approximately 2% of the total organics manufactured in the US were phenols. Of the total phenolics produced in the US, 96% were synthetic and 4% were naturally occurring. Synthetic phenols arise from coking of coal, gas works and oil refineries, chemical plants, pesticide plants, wood preserving plants and dye manufacturing plants. Natural phenolics occur from aquatic and terrestrial vegetation and much of this is released by the pulp and paper industry.Toxicity of phenolics has been studied on selected microbes (e.g. protozoa, yeast and bacteria), algae, duckweed, and numerous invertebrates and vertebrates. Depending on the organism tested, the acute toxicity of phenol varies from 6·5 to 1840 mg/litre phenol. For other phenolics toxicity ranges from 0·084 to 555 mg/litre. The toxicity of phenolics varies with the type, position and number of substitutions on the parent molecule. Environmental factors affect the toxicity of phenolics and these include photolytic action, microbial degradation, pH, water hardness and temperature. Based on limited data, toxicity of phenolics may be less in continuous flow tests than in their sensitivity to phenolics as does the presence of oxygen. A seasonal factor may also affect the sensitivity of various fish. Starvation and lack of suitable substrate for bottom fauna increases organism sensitivity to phenol. The source of test animals may affect their sensitivity to phenolics and this effect may be due to short-term physiological acclimation and genetic selection.Studies on the biological effects of phenolics are limited and varied. Fish development and embryo survival were not affected by phenol levels less than 25 mg/litre. Amphibian embryos were sensitive to 0·5 mg/litre phenol. Pentachlorophenols inhibited fish growth at levels down to 1·74, μg/litre.Exposure of fish to phenol in concentrations as low as 4 mg/litre caused haemorrhaging at the base of the fins. Two hour exposure to 6·5 mg/litre phenol caused disruption of blood vessel walls and gill epithelium. Oedema and blood infiltration was a common effect observed in most major tissues studied from fishes exposed to phenol. Phenol, at 12·5 mg/litre, reduces the levels of neurohormones in fish exposed for 10 days. The effects of pentachlorophenol on blood glucose and blood lactate levels, and in vivo and in vitro activity levels of seven liver enzymes of eels are discussed. Pentachlorophenol, at 1·8 μg/litre, decreased assimilation conversion efficiency in underyearling salmon. Phenol also affects immunoglobin levels, blood protein levels and tissue micro-element levels. Feeding rates are affected by phenolics. Phenolics affect oxygen consumption rates and the effect may be on uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation with a subsequent reduction of ATP formation.Many aspects of behaviour are affected by phenolics and the phases of ‘intoxication’ leading to death have been described for fish and invertebrates.Fish detoxify phenolics by forming conjugate glucuronides and sulphates. Body burdens of phenolics varied with exposure time and exposure concentration. When fish pre-exposed to phenol are transferred to clean water, body burdens drop up to 90% after three to four hours. Depuration rates for other phenolics took longer; up to 30 days for pentachlorophenol.Little research has been done on the cycling of phenol and phenolics (other than pesticides) in aquatic ecosystems. Microbial degradation will decompose phenolics rapidly if suitable bacteria are present. Other factors affecting the loss of phenolics from aquatic ecosystems include photolysis, adsorption and dilution. Phenol entering subterranean aquifers may not dilute or degrade very quickly. In one documented case well-water levels up to 200 mg/litre were measured 18 months after a spill.     

纤维素酶-过氧化氢降解法制备低聚壳聚糖的研究

利用纤维素酶-H2O2降解法制备低分子量壳聚糖，分别研究了pH值、温度、酶浓度、H2O2加入量及反应时间等因素对产品的收率及平均分子量的影响。结果 表明最佳反应条件为：pH为5．6、酶／糖为0．1、反应温度为54℃、反应时间为6h。在反应结束前0.5h加入一定量H2O2进行氧化降解可以得到平均分子量为1500的低聚壳聚糖。而且由于H2O2的作用产物的颜色较浅。     

铁及超声辅助铁还原降解水中氯乙酸及其动力学研究

以二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)为目标污染物,研究了铁(Fe0)和超声辅助铁(US-Fe0)还原降解水溶液中氯乙酸,以及溶液初始pH值、Fe0投加量、反应温度、反应时间、氯乙酸初始浓度对降解率的影响,并对降解的动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明,Fe0还原氯乙酸的最佳条件是:pH值为4.0、铁投加量为4g·L-1,室温条件下反应16h。超声辅助对Fe0还原水中氯乙酸的反应具有显著促进作用。在初始浓度为50μg·L-1时,US-Fe0还原降解DCAA和TCAA的降解率分别为87.3%和82.0%。Fe0和US-Fe0还原降解氯乙酸均符合准一级反应动力学(对氯乙酸),降解的表观速率常数分别为1.03×10-3 s-1(Fe0还原DCAA)、5.70×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原DCAA)和5.63×10-4 s-1(Fe0还原TCAA)、2.58×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原TCAA)。TCAA脱氯生成DCAA是降解的速率控制步骤。     

纳米SnO2光催化剂的制备及其在养殖废水处理中的应用

以五水合四氯化锡为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米SnO₂光催化剂,采用电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物象和形貌等进行了表征,对比分析了自制纳米SnO₂对于养殖废水中氨氮的光催化降解情况。研究结果表明催化剂投加量、废水中氨氮初始质量浓度、溶液pH值和H₂O₂质量浓度均是影响氨氮催化氧化去除效果的重要因素。通过正交实验确定了SnO₂光催化剂氧化的优化反应条件:SnO₂投加量为1.2 g/L,氨氮初始质量浓度为40 mg/L,pH值为8.0,H₂O₂质量浓度为1.0 g/L,催化时间为2 h时,去除率可达72%。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯低聚糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

探讨H2O2降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的条件及其产物的抗氧化活性。采用Cu2 -H2O2体系降解原料Fucoidan,结果发现反应时间越长得到的高分子量的组分越少,而低分子量的低聚糖产量增加;H2O2浓度增高,水解所得主要组分的分子量明显减小;温度升高,水解速度明显加快;产物的硫酸根含量随反应温度和H2O2浓度的降低而增加。用Pyrogallol—Luminol系统对水解产物的抗氧化活性进行了研究,发现硫酸根含量低的Fucoidan水解产物除O2.-的活性较好,其中15%H2O2降解得<5KD的低聚糖清除O2.-的活性明显高于肌肽(IC50为0.65mg/mL),IC50为0.17mg/mL。     

4-溴苯甲酸-2,3,4,5,6-五溴苯酯的合成(英文)

以苯酚和4—溴苯甲酸为原料,合成一种尚未见文献记载的新化合物——4—溴苯甲酸—2,3,4,5,6—五溴苯酯,用无水三氯化铝催化苯酚的全溴化。此产物可望在阻燃剂方面得到应用。     

Colorimetric determination of nanomolar concentrations of ammonium in seawater using solvent extraction

A solvent extraction method for measuring nanomolar concentrations of ammonium in seawater is described. The procedure is based on formation of indophenol in alkaline solution by reaction of phenol, hypochlorite and ammonia using sodium aquopentacyanoferrate as a coupling agent. Indophenol is then concentrated by extraction into n-hexanol at low pH and re-extraction into aqueous alkaline buffer. The concentration of indophenol blue is determined colorimetrically. The molar absorbance is 2.08 × 10⁵ absorbance units per molar NH₄⁺ in seawater with a precision of ± 1.9 nM NH₄⁺ (95% Cl) for concentrations ≤ 50 nanomolar. This represents a 12-fold improvement in sensitivity and a 26-fold improvement in precision over standard aqueous analyses. Calibration curves are linear to at least 2 μM NH₄⁺. Sensitivity in seawater is 97% of that found in deionized distilled water due to a slight salt effect.     

2-[[(2-氨基苯基)亚胺]苯甲基]-4-氯苯酚晶体结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,运用Gaussian03量子化学程序包,在B3LYP/6-31G*基组水平上对合成的化合物2-[[(2-氨基苯基)亚胺]苯甲基]-4-氯苯酚的晶体结构进行优化,计算了分子稳定构型的总能量、前线分子轨道能量、原子自然电荷布局、自然键轨道(NBO)及稳定化能等.计算结果与通过单晶X-射线衍射法测得的晶体结构的实验结果吻合.此项研究可为异双希夫碱配体及其金属配合物的合成及实际应用提供理论参考.     

溴素的有机化学──I．2，4，6－三溴苯甲酸溴代和非溴代芳酯的合成

用ｍ－氨基苯甲酸作原料，经溴代、重氮化、还原脱氨、酰氯化和酯化反应等步骤，合成了六种新型的三溴苯甲酸的溴代和非溴代芳酯，即；双（２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸）－２＇，３＇，５＇，６＇－四溴－１＇，４＇－苯二酯，２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸－２＇，３＇，４＇，５＇，６＇－五溴苯酯，２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸－２＇，４＇，６＇－三溴苯酯，２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸－４＇－溴苯酯，２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸－４＇－甲基苯酯和２，４，６－三溴苯甲酸苯酯．通过对产物中碳、氢、溴元素的定量分析以及红外吸收光谱和氢核磁共振谱的研究，验证了合成产物的结构。     

黄渤海海水中丙烯酸的生成与降解的初步研究

在黄渤海海域对β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）降解产生丙烯酸和丙烯酸的降解过程做了初步研究。结果表明,海水中有明显的DMSP降解和丙烯酸的生成现象。在DMSP降解初期,DMSP不断降解,丙烯酸则在经过1 h后浓度开始上升,达到最大值后再次下降。起始DMSP浓度越高,降解得越完全,且丙烯酸最大值越大。在观测的5 h内,丙烯酸的表观降解速率总是大于DMSP的表观降解速率,且两者都与初始浓度成正相关。在丙烯酸的降解过程中,黑暗条件下起始浓度越大,丙烯酸变化速率越大,而光照条件下则恰好相反。光化学反应中前2 h表现为丙烯酸的光化学生成,而后2 h表现为光化学降解。