云南永平卓潘新生代碱性杂岩体的元素地球化学和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素特征及地质意义

云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中的重要岩体,位于兰坪走滑拉分盆地西部。该岩体的主要岩石类型为辉石正长岩、正长岩和霞石正长岩等。岩石地球化学显示高碱、高K_2O/Na_2O比值、低TiO_2、高Al_2O_3的超钾质钾玄岩系列岩石。微量元素表现为富集K、Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Ta、Nb、Ti、P、Zr等高场强元素(HFSE),表现为明显的"Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常,同时富集过渡性元素Cr、Ni、Co等。稀土元素为稀土总量高,富集LREE、(La/Yb)_N比值高、Eu异常不明显为特征。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值为0.707611～0.709167、ε_(Nd)(t)值为-4.89～-6.57,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于18.6886～18.7022、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于15.6169～15.63493、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于38.7972～38.8927,显示岩浆源区具有富集地幔(EMⅡ)与下地壳共同作用的壳幔过渡带特征,构造环境判别为大陆弧(CAP)环境。岩体是在碰撞造山过程中大陆板片俯冲,使曾经遭受古洋壳板片流体强烈交代的壳幔过渡带在上升的软流圈熔体的注入而发生部分熔融,在走滑拉分盆地的核心部位沿构造断裂上升侵位而形成。     

云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体岩石学和地球化学特征及成因研究

卓潘碱性杂岩体为"三江"地区富碱(高钾)侵入岩的重要组成部分,位于哀牢山-金沙江缝合带的中部,侵位于兰坪盆地南部的白垩系砂岩中,主要由碱性辉长岩、辉石正长岩和霞石正长岩组成。对卓潘碱性杂岩体的岩相学、岩石学、主元素和稀土微量及同位素地球化学特征的系统研究表明,该杂岩体主量元素显示低硅、富钾、高碱(K2O+Na2O为6.92%~13.43%)、低TiO 2(0.31%~1.20%)的特征,属钾质碱性系列岩石;杂岩体的各种岩石均富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素、亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式、具较高的87Sr/86Sr、206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb及较低的143Nd/144Nd等特征,表明源区具有较明显的EMⅡ型富集地幔特征,源区明显受到壳源物质的混染。卓潘岩体形成于印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞的剪切和拉张的构造环境,古扬子板片向西俯冲,诱发了经过陆壳交代混染了的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融。由于兰坪走滑拉分盆地东缘断裂拉伸强度大,岩浆起源的深度大,以及岩浆源区成分(特别是CO2含量)与其它部位不同,因此在卓潘地区形成一套与金沙江-哀牢山-红河断裂带其它新生代富碱斑岩完全不同的过碱性的岩石。     

西南三江永平卓潘碱性杂岩体源区与形成机制:全岩元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素联合约束

永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是三江特提斯新生代钾质岩浆带重要组成部分,位于兰坪盆地西缘。岩石类型主要为正长辉石岩、辉石正长岩、正长岩以及少量霞石正长岩。岩石化学性质显示高碱、高K_2O/Na_2O比值、低TiO_2和高Al_2O_3的特征。岩体微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)元素,特别是"Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常更明显,具有典型俯冲带岩浆的特征。稀土总含量都比较高,LREE富集,HLEE相对亏损,Eu负异常不明显或无Eu负异常,(La/Yb)_N值较大介于38.2～80.3之间。对卓潘岩体的正长岩和正长辉石岩2个样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,年龄分别为33.40±0.38Ma和34.22±0.33Ma。正长辉石岩εHf(t)值介于-10.6～-4.3之间,二阶段模式年龄在1356～1759Ma之间。卓潘碱性杂岩体不同岩性的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素原始地幔标准化图解基本一致,表明卓潘碱性杂岩体不同类型的岩石是同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体的Nb/U均值为2.95介于俯冲带流体和全球俯冲沉积物之间以及岩体微量元素明显亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb、Ta,稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集、无或弱的负Ce和负Eu异常,暗示了岩浆源区存在俯冲的洋壳或陆壳沉积物的流体或熔融体与岩石圈地幔的交代富集作用。岩浆源区经历晚石炭世-晚二叠世(305～250Ma)古特提斯昌宁-孟连洋和古特提斯金沙江-哀牢山洋双向俯冲,岩石圈地幔发生富集作用并形成富钾的交代岩石圈地幔。在新生代,新特提斯洋岩石圈从印度大陆岩石圈断离,引发交代富集大陆岩石圈地幔拆沉,热的软流圈上涌,熔融交代的富钾岩石圈地幔,岩浆侵位分异形成卓潘岩体。     

广西横县马山晚侏罗世钾玄质侵入岩的年代学和地球化学研究:兼论钦杭成矿带西南段燕山期构造背景

广西横县马山杂岩体位于钦杭成矿带西南段,出露于防城—灵山断裂带的西侧,为一套包括辉长岩、玄武(玢)岩、闪长(玢)岩、二长(斑)岩、普通角闪正长岩、石英正长岩、花岗岩在内的从基性到中、酸性的岩浆岩岩系。文中对其中的中性浅成侵入岩进行研究,获得二长闪长玢岩样品的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(153.8±0.6)Ma,表明岩石形成于晚侏罗世。所研究的岩石样品富K、富碱、w(K2O+Na2O)=5.73%~8.54%、K2O/Na2O=0.87~1.76,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U和轻稀土元素,无明显的Nb-Ta-Ti负异常,为典型板内钾玄质岩石。其(87Sr/86Sr)i变化范围在0.705 11~0.705 47,εNd(t)变化范围在0.6~1.4,206Pb/204Pb为19.019~19.228,207Pb/204Pb为15.720~15.737,208Pb/204Pb为39.372~39.518,元素和同位素地球化学特征指示岩浆来源于亏损的软流圈地幔(DMM)和富集岩石圈地幔(EMⅡ)两个端员的混合。结合前人对南岭西部侏罗纪岩浆岩的研究成果,认为马山杂岩体的岩浆成分和源区特征反映桂东南在晚侏罗世发生了区域软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展-减薄作用,这是钦杭带西南段燕山期花岗岩和相关矿床形成的重要的地质构造背景。     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体的岩石成因:元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化学证据

通过太行山南段三个中生代杂岩体(西戌、武安和洪山)的元素和同位素地球化学特征的研究。讨论其成因和地球动力学环境。结果表明，西戌和武安杂岩体主要由从二长辉长岩到二长岩的一系列岩石组成，其地球化学性质相似(高Mg^s，具微弱至正Eu异常的REE模式等)。西戊杂岩体的εNd(135Ma)=-12．3～-16．9，Isε=0．7056～0．7071，与武安杂岩体稍有不同。西戌杂岩体的(^206Pb／^204Pb)i=16．92～17．3，(^207Pb／^204Pb)i=15．32～15．42，(^208Pb／^201Pb)i=37．16～37．63，较武安杂岩体的略高。西戊-武安杂岩体都起源于EM1型富集地幔，但被下地壳物质不同程度混染。洪山杂岩体(正长岩-花岗岩)也来自EM1型富集地幔的部分熔融，但属于不同的岩浆事件，并仅受轻微的下地壳混染。太行山岩浆作用的发生可能与古太平洋板块的水平俯冲消减而形成的弧后伸展环境有关。     

山东石岛花岗岩复合岩体的侵位深度与苏鲁超高压变质岩的快速折返机制及动力学效应

山东石岛正长岩-花岗岩复合岩体形成于225～205Ma之间,侵入到苏鲁超高压岩石中.通过铝在角闪石的压力计,确定了年龄约为225～215Ma的甲子山岩体的侵位深度,约为15km.结合前人对石岛花岗岩复合岩体的地质年代学和地球化学及本研究结果,表明:(1)石岛正长岩在225～215Ma期间快速侵位小于15km的深度,同时快速冷却结晶;(2)在215Ma或早些时候,苏鲁最东端的超高压岩石已位于小于15km的深度;(3)苏鲁超高压岩石以大于5mm/yr的速率快速折返.俯冲板片前锋的断离所导致的深部动力学效应可能是苏鲁超高压岩石快速折返的主要驱动力.这种深部动力学过程导致软流圈地幔的快速上涌,诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成钾质岩浆,可能是华北克拉通在中生代发生大规模伸展作用及减薄的初始驱动力.     

天水地区北秦岭造山带花岗岩地球化学及构造环境探讨

在区域地质调查及综合研究的基础上,通过详细的岩石学、接触关系、同位素年龄及地球化学特征研究,对位于天水南部地区的晚加里东期百花岩体、熊山沟岩体,早华力西期党川岩体、火炎山岩体的地球化学特征及形成的构造环境进行了讨论.百花岩体岩石化学低钾(K2O/Na2O=0.13～0.91)、低铝(A/CNK=0.74～0.78),微量元素相对富集Cr、Ni、Y、Rb、Sr,贫Nb、Zr,稀土元素丰度较低(∑REE=107.71 × 10-6～191.13×10-6);熊山沟岩体早期岩石化学成分低钾(K2O/Na2O:0.33～0.42),晚期岩石相对富集钾(K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43),微量元素富集Th、Hf、Nb、Zr等元素.晚加里东期岩体的共同特点是岩石属拉斑-钙碱性系列,稀土元素以富集轻稀土元素、无铕负异常或铕负异常不明显为主要特征,氧同位素值较低(δ18O: 3.32‰),岩石具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征.熊山沟岩体物质来源于下地壳,百花岩体形成于岛弧构造环境.党川岩体富集SiO2(SiO2=72.29%～73.40%)、K2O(K2O/Na2O=0.86～2.01)、Al2O3(A/CNK=1.05～1.20);火炎山岩体岩石总体SiO2含量较低(平均69.70%),但K2O(K2O/Na2O=1.14～1.88)、Fe2O3 FeO、MgO较高.早华力西期岩体的共同特征是岩石具钾玄质系列岩石地球化学特征,为过铝质岩石(A/CNK>1.0),相对富集大离子亲石元素Ba、zr、Rb、Sm、Ta及Rb、Ba、Th、Nb等,稀土元素丰度较高,轻稀土元素富集,铕亏损强烈,铕负异常明显,δEu值较低(δ Eu=0.36～0.61),(87Sr/86Sr)0大于0.7070,氧同位素δ18O较高(δ18O= 8.89‰～ 11.08‰),物源为上地壳物质,属壳源花岗岩类,岩石具S型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞构造环境或后造山构造环境.     

云南姚安碱性杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征

对云南省姚安碱性杂岩体的K-Ar年代学、岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成等进行了综合研究表明(1)该碱性杂岩体的岩性从超基性、基性、中性到酸性;(2)各类型岩石化学成分均富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.6%~11.6%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O>1)和富钙(CaO=0.3%~12.5%);(3)微量元素富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),贫Zr、Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE)。稀土元素富集LREE和正负铕异常不明显;(4)Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征一致显示姚安碱性杂岩体的源区为EMⅡ型富集地幔,EMⅡ型地幔端元代表了与壳幔再循环相联系的交代成因富集地幔源;(5)岩体形成于陆内非造山的张性构造环境;(6)岩体的形成与古特提斯造山带的演化、印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞以及进而产生的强烈陆内变形及大尺度新生代走滑断裂这些大的构造事件无论在时间、空间和机制上都有着密切的耦合关系。     

阿尔泰山南缘二叠纪地壳伸展减薄——来自侵入岩的证据

新疆阿尔泰山南缘乌夏沟发育苏长-正长岩体,受张性断裂控制,呈小岩株产出,侵入于泥盆纪花岗闪长岩及下元古界克木齐岩群中,岩石SiO2含量为46.91%～50.75%,苏长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果为(275.9±1)Ma,为二叠纪弛张期产物.在中蒙边境塔克什肯口岸发育富碱侵入岩及少量辉绿辉长岩,主要岩石类型有正长岩、石英二长岩、石英碱长二长岩等,岩石富碱(K2O+Na2O=9.62%～11.7%)、贫铁(TFe=1.73%～4.1%),稀土元素总量较高,∑REE=233.86×10-6～525.38×10-6,显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损特点,铕负异常或正异常,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr,Ba,富集高场强元素Nd,Ta.锆石U-Pb定年为206Pb/238U年龄(286±1)Ma,在Rb/Nb-Y/Nb图解上落入A2型范围,属后造山环境.上述基性及富碱侵入岩是该区二叠纪地壳伸展减薄记录.     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体成因及其演化分析

平顺-符山-武安-洪山杂岩体主要由橄榄辉长辉绿岩、角闪闪长岩,经闪长岩、二长闪长岩、正长岩、花岗岩一系列岩石组成,其地球化学性质相似,CaO、FeO、MgO和TiO与SiO2呈线性正相关,富集大离子亲石元素(如Sr、Ba、K)和LREE,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)和HREE,具有微弱的正Eu异常。符山杂岩体的εNd=-12.3~-16.9,ISr=0.705 6~0.707 1,武安杂岩体εNd=-13.8~-18,ISr=0.705 9~0.707 6,相比之下,洪山杂岩体具有比符山-武安杂岩体明显高但相对均一的εNd值(-8.2~-11)和变化较大的ISr(0.705 2~0.710 2)。平顺杂岩体Pb同位素比值较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.859~18.474,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.429~15.612,(208 Pb/204 Pb)i=37.374~38.641。而符山杂岩体(16.92~17.3,15.32~15.42,37.16~37.63)、武安岩体(16.63~17.4,15.28~15.44,36.78~37.3)和洪山杂岩体(17.28~17.74,15.40~15.48,37.01~38.12)变化连续。平顺-符山-武安杂岩体可能是同一期岩浆演化的产物,起源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但在上升过程中受到不同程度的下地壳物质混染。洪山岩体也来源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但属于不同岩浆热事件,仅受轻微下地壳混染。太行山南段中生代广泛的岩浆活动可能与邯邢地幔柱上涌有关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)