横波各向异性的分析处理［1］

本文提出了同步旋转法（ＡＳＲ）和独立旋转法（ＡＩＲ）两种算法，用以计算分裂的横波中高速和低速横波之间的时间延迟以及高速模波的极化方向。     

太平洋地幔中大规模的化学和热液分区

５３°Ｓ和６６°Ｓ之间的太平洋南极海脊（ＰＡＲ）进行了两个航次的取样,为太平洋南部海底４０００ｋｍ长的地幔构造提供了条件。Ｃａｓｔｉｌｌｏ等最近报道了５３～５７°Ｓ同位素数据,我们这里报告了５６～６６°Ｓ的资料。与东部微板块北部的多数东太平洋海隆（ＥＰＲ）相比,ＰＡＲ５３～６６°Ｓ的样品在Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ和Ｓｒ－Ｐｂ同位素图表中一般分别含有低Ｓｒ和高Ｐｂ。在智利海脊北部和澳大利亚—南极不整合地层（ＡＡＤ）东部的印度海脊东南部（ＳＥＩＲ）以及３０～３５°Ｓ之间的ＥＰＲ玄武岩中都可发现这种趋势。为了描绘太…     

INMARSAT－C在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验（二）

ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验（二）孙仲汉，孔杰（国家海洋局海洋技术研究所天津）３　ＩＮＭＡＲｓＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验３．１关于通信路径的选择在海洋环境监测系统中应用ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ...     

缺少密度或孔隙度测定数据的块体堆积速率的计算

缺少密度或孔隙度测定数据的块体堆积速率的计算Ｔ．Ｊ．Ｓ．Ｓｙｋｅｓ等块体堆积速率（ＭＡＲ）计算已被应用于深海钻探计划（ＤＳＤＰ）和大洋钻探计划（ＯＤＰ）岩心，以研究大洋盆地的沉积物演化，或把ＭＡＲ数据分离成岩石学成分以决定方解石补偿深度（ＣＣＤ）的历...     

水下运动物体及海底地形的SAR探测的初步研究 (二)海底地形的SAR仿真影像分析

海底地形所引起的流场变化会调制海水表面的小尺度波动,从而可以被合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）所探测。本文利用谱方法计算了一假想海底地形对均匀背景流场的影响。在袁业立有关海波高频谱形式及ＳＡＲ影像原理的理论分析基础上［１,２］,本文进一步计算了海底地形ＳＡＲ影像的Ｇ值分布图,并讨论了地形的高度、背景流方向、背景流流速对海底地形ＳＡＲ影像的影响。     

利用SAR图像监测海上石油污染的实验分析

本文讨论了利用ＳＡＲ 图像监测海上石油污染的理论依据和环境条件,并根据ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ 卫星装载的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像对渤海ＣＢ－６Ａ 井组发生的原油（气）泄漏事件进行了初步的研究和分析。     

利用航天飞机成像雷达图像分析南海内波

利用航天央南海海面获取的内波的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像数据,计算并对比分析了不同波段海面的后向散射系数的差异。系统给出了ＳＡＲ图谱到海浪二维谱的计算过程,改进了一些处理方法以适用于内波分布海面,并利用众ＳＡＲ图像获得的海浪谱,简要分析了内波与风成海浪的相互作用,探讨该区内波的激励因素,认为潮流是激励温跃层在该海区产生有规模内波的主要因素。     

浅海水下地形的星载合成孔径雷达遥感

依据山东蓬莱附近海区１９９２年４月１９日的欧洲遥感卫星一号（ＥＲＳ－１）合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像，分析了该海区的水下地形并探讨了水下地形雷达成像机理。分析结果显示，ＳＣＲ图像较好地揭示了该海区四人洲、潮待洲、新井洲等水下地形。研究指出，流经水下地形的潮流对海洋表面波的水动力调制是水下地形ＳＡＲ成像的主要机理。本研究表明星载ＳＡＲ作为浅海水下地形测量的新型手段具有广阔的应用前景。     

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的真实值定标与校验

随着合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的应用研究程度的深入，要求较为精确地掌握目标体的雷达后向散射特征，这样必须对ＳＡＲ图象进行真实值的定标与校验。本文基于基本散射理论对ＳＡＲ系统的增益进行分解，指出各个相关参数的获取方法，最后给出定标和数据处理流程图     

水下运动物体及海底地形的SAR探测的初步研究(一)水下运动物体的SAR仿真影像分析

当物体在水中运动时,它所引起的流场变化会调制海水表面的小尺度波动,从而可以被合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）所探测。本文建立了一个三维半隐式格式,对水下运动物体的绕流问题进行了数值计算。在袁业立有关海波高谱形式及ＳＡＲ影像原理的理论分析基础上,本文进一步计算了水下运动物体ＳＡＲ影像的Ｇ值分布图,并讨论了物体深度、海水水深、海表面主波方向对水下运动物体ＳＡＲ影像的影响。     

Artificial surf reefs: A preliminary assessment of the potential to enhance a coastal economy

Artificial surfing reefs (ASRs) are a new breed of coastal engineering structures claimed to enhance local biodiversity, provide coastal protection and improve wave quality for surfing. By providing multiple functions ASRs are often expected to contribute positively to the local economy, especially through tourism related to surfing and other water sports or beach uses. However, there is a lack of independent studies to support this expectation. This study investigates the claims that an ASR will enhance a coastal economy through tourism. Using Boscombe ASR, UK as a case study a preliminary evaluation of visitor expenditure is conducted. Using targeted face-to-face questionnaires we gathered data from 523 seafront visitors over a 32 month period. Results show that the ASR initially acted as a tourist attraction after which the novelty wore off. However, the positive impacts of the seafront regeneration scheme on the local economy are longer lasting. Contrary to the original claims that the Boscombe ASR would attract an affluent surf market, surfers and water users interviewed in this study are low spenders and rarely stayed overnight in Boscombe. Although it has been demonstrated that the expenditure of surfers is not as high as expected, more affluent non-surfer visitors have been attracted by the marketing associated with the new surfing resort. The results of this study have led to the following recommendations with respect to the establishment of artificial surf reefs: a period of stakeholder consultation with surf community and local community is required to determine whether an ASR is desirable; robust impact assessments of the reef must be carried out by independent parties before a marine licence is granted; expectations of the community must be managed through honest marketing and careful media coverage; planning must include a contingency for the cost of maintenance, repair and even removal if the structure fails to deliver; and further research is required to determine the full social and economic potential of artificial surf reefs.     

基于全局性极小化二维反投影误差的射影重建方法

建立1种新的射影重建方法。该方法以全局性极小化射影三维空间点的二维反投影误差平方和为准则,相对于缩小SVD反投影误差的方法,具有更为明确合理的物理意义。实现过程是以奇异值分解为基本工具的分步线性迭代计算,避免了传统射影重建方法复杂的非线性优化环节。它无需估计投影深度,避免了基础矩阵计算的复杂性问题,因而也不受相机特殊运动的限制。文中利用虚拟物体图像和真实物体图像进行了实验验证,证明该方法具有计算简单、准确性和鲁棒性高等方面的特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

Efficient Elliptic Solver for the Mild Slope Equation Using BI-CGSTAB Method

The elliptic mild slope equation is used to simulate linear wave propagation over variable seabed topography with mild slopes.The governing equation is discretized by the finite difference method.Ba-sed on the BI-CGSTAB technique.an attractive variant of BI-Conjugate Gradients(BI-CG)method,theobtained linear algebraic system of equations is solved.Numerical experiments show that the BI-CGSTABmethod is efficient for solving the elliptic mild slope equation.The results obtained by the BI-CGSTAB-Ba-sed method are much the same as those obtained by other authors with different solution methods,but theconvergence rate is much faster than that of other methods.     

峰高与峰面积统计量表示岩心黏土矿物相对含量的差异

目前黏土矿物分析主要依据XRD衍射峰的峰高或峰面积统计量,为了分析两种统计量计算黏土矿物相对含量的差异。对取自黄海的YSZD02岩心短柱开展了黏土矿物XRD测试,分别利用峰高和峰面积表示4种主要黏土矿物蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石的相对百分含量,探究两种统计量表示黏土矿物相对含量随深度变化的差异,结果发现两算法都能显示黏土矿物的相对组成特征,对YSZD02岩心而言,其黏土矿物主要为伊利石,其次为高岭石,再次为绿泥石,最次为蒙皂石。两种算法得到的4种矿物的相关系数由高到低依次为:高岭石0.94,绿泥石0.93,蒙皂石0.82,伊利石0.73,呈正相关。峰面积法求4种矿物的相对含量随深度变化的离散程度比峰高法大。用峰高、峰面积法表示黏土矿物相对含量随深度的变化,两种方法相对差异由小到大依次为伊利石,高岭石,绿泥石和蒙皂石。以上结果表明两种算法既有共性又有明显的差异。随着分析技术的不断更新,相较于峰高法较难解决的误差问题,未来峰面积法会得到更广泛的应用。因此研发更精确的计算机分析软件、统一研究方法将是未来发展的必然趋势。本文的研究加深了对峰高与峰面积统计量的理解,为其他分析方法的比较与选择提供了参考。     

2011年日本Mw 9.0级地震的GPS响应研究

2011年3月11日日本宫城县以东太平洋海域发生Mw9.0级特大地震,造成了地表的严重错位并引发海啸。文中利用位于日本及周边国家的IGS站和国家海洋局GPS业务站观测数据,采用作者研制的精密单点定位(PPP)软件UniP,对此次地震的GPS数据响应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)GPS观测数据能清晰、连续地记录震时地表形变的过程,我国CHAN,NCST等站点水平方向的震时最大位移在10 cm以内,高程方向的震时最大位移在15 cm以内,且形变以可恢复性的弹性形变为主。(2)我国距震中较远,受此次日本地震的影响较小,且大部分站点是在东坐标方向出现不同程度的震后永久性位移。其中CHAN站点的震后位移最为明显,东向形变量为(1.8±0.11)cm;NCST、NLHT站点次之,东向形变量分别为(1.1±0.26)cm和(1.0±0.18)cm。(3)地震波传输到国家海洋局GPS业务站NCST、NLHT等的时间约为10 min,比海啸在深海的传播速度快约14倍,可为海啸预警提供所需的时间差。这些结果显示出GPS能够为地震监测和动力学特征研究提供有价值的基础资料,也表明中国沿海GPS业务观测系统在海底地震监测、海啸预警服务中的应用潜力。     

Civil 3D在港区工程量计算中的应用

港区陆域形成的填挖方量对工程经济性影响非常大,寻找精确地计算港区陆域工程量使纵向设计最优化的方法是港区工程全寿命周期各个环节的关键。基于传统方法的计算原理与应用现状分析了现有方法在港区土方计算中存在的问题,借鉴建筑信息模型BIM(Building Information Modeling)思想,对Civil3D的土方计算原理与操作流程进行研究,最后以某港区石化仓储库区场平方案为例,参考传统计算软件HTCAD的计算结果,验证了Civil3D在港区工程量计算中的便捷性与可靠性。结果显示:Civil3D的计算精度比HTCAD高7%~20%,计算速度是HTCAD的数十倍,在修改过程中计算速度达数百倍。研究成果为采用Civil3D进行港区陆域土方计算提供理论和技术依据。     

Rock magnetic records of the sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea: Evidence for late Quaternary climatic change

Rock-magnetic measurements along with grain size, acid-insoluble residue (AIR), organic carbon (OC), CaCO₃ and δ¹⁸O of the planktonic foraminifers of the sediments were determined for 15 gravity cores recovered from the western continental margin of India. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) values in the surficial sediments reflect the land-derived input and, in general, are the highest in terrigenous sediment-dominated sections of the cores off Saurashtra–Ratnagiri, followed by the sediments off Indus–Gulf of Kachchh and then Mangalore–Cape Comorin.

The down-core variations in mineral magnetic parameters reveal that the glacial sediments off the Indus are characterized by low MS values/S-ratios associated with high AIR-content, low OC/CaCO₃ contents and relatively high δ¹⁸O values, while those off SW India are characterized by low MS values/high S-ratio% associated with low AIR content, and relatively high OC, CaCO₃ and δ¹⁸O values. Conversely, the Early Holocene sediments of all cores are characterized by high MS values/S-ratio% associated with high AIR content, low OC, CaCO₃ contents and gradually decreased δ¹⁸O values. These results imply that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the cores off northwestern India received abundant continental supply leading to the predominance of eolian/fluvial sedimentation. In the SW region the influence of hinterland flux is less evident during this period, but convective mixing associated with the NE monsoon resulted in increased productivity. During the early Holocene intense SW monsoon conditions resulted in high precipitation on land, which in turn contributed increased AIR content/MS values in the continental margin sediments. A shallow water core off Kochi further suggests that the intense SW monsoon conditions prevailed until about 5 ka. The late Holocene organic-rich sediments of the SW margin of India were, however, subjected to early diagenesis at different intervals in the cores. Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting regional climatic change from down-core changes in sediment magnetic properties.     

Bias correction of sea surface temperature retrospective fore-casts in the South China Sea

Offline bias correction of numerical marine forecast products is an effective post-processing means to improve forecast accuracy. Two offline bias correction methods for sea surface temperature(SST) forecasts have been developed in this study: a backpropagation neural network(BPNN) algorithm, and a hybrid algorithm of empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis and BPNN(named EOF-BPNN). The performances of these two methods are validated using bias correction experiments implemented in the South...     

Practical implementation of Hilbert-Huang Transform algorithm

Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a newly developed powerful method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. The empirical mode decomposition is the key part of HHT, while its algorithm was protected by NASA as a US patent, which limits the wide application among the scientific community. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending methods, have been developed for handling the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. The implementation of the HHT is realized in detail to widen the application. The detailed comparison of the results from two methods with that from Huang et al. (1998, 1999), and the comparison between two methods are presented. Generally, both methods reproduce faithful results as those of Huang et al. For mirror periodic method (MPM), the data are extended once forever. Ideally, it is a way for handling the end effects of the HHT, especially for the signal that has symmetric waveform. The extrema extending method (EEM) behaves as good as MPM, and it is better t