锚杆桩加固基础与掏土纠偏施工的实践

介绍了利用锚杆静压桩加固基础与沉井掏土纠偏方法纠治某厂房的施工过程，先用锚杆静压桩加固厂房基础，然后再用沉井掏土法纠治厂房，使偏斜率由３２‰纠到了３‰的安全界限。     

风动潜孔锤钻进倒垂孔的应用

水坝坝体原位的微小变形,可能导致坝体位移并严重威胁水坝的安全。近年来,采用坝体中钻进监测孔,能准确有效地监测坝体变形,具有简单、直观的特点。这种监测孔(又称为倒垂孔)要求具有很高的垂直度,一般要有>φ60—100mm的有效垂直口径。根据施工中采用口径的大小,钻孔偏斜率仅允许1—2‰。目前国内主要采用合金、金刚石钻进     

应用风动潜孔锤钻进倒垂孔

水坝坝体原位的微小变形，可能导致坝体位移并严重威胁水坝的安全。采用坝体中钻进监测孔，能准确而有效地监测坝体变形。这种监测孔（又称为倒垂孔）要求具有很高的垂直度，一般要有不小于100mm的有效垂直口径。根据施工中采用口径的大小，钻孔偏斜率仅允许0.1％—0.2％。     

深孔钻进经验

1963年施工的3个深孔,都因钻孔方位角偏斜过大,超过设计允许范围,没能全面达到设计要求。1964年施工的4个深孔,全面达到了地质设计要求。其中最深的钻孔达927米,方位与倾角完全符合设计     

西藏申扎地区下二叠统昂杰组C-O同位素地球化学特征

根据岩石地层及生物地层研究,西藏申扎地区下二叠统昂杰组可分为下段的砂质灰岩、微晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩段和上段的灰黑色薄层状泥岩、页岩夹钙质粉细砂岩段,时代为早二叠世亚丁斯克期—空谷期。系统采集了24件昂杰组灰岩段C-O同位素样品,测试结果表明,昂杰组样品δ13C最大值为6.312‰,最小值为4.032‰,平均值为5.794‰;δ18O最大值为-1.785‰,最小值为-7.476‰,平均值为-4.494‰。无机碳同位素的变化存在一次缓慢的正向偏移,这与早二叠世中晚期冈瓦纳北缘冰川作用及陆生植物大规模繁衍有很大的相关性。     

黄河下游辫状、弯曲和顺直河段间沉积动力特征比较

黄河下游沿程出现了辫状、弯曲和顺直河型段,河道平面形态的差异势必受到不同的沉积动力特征的制约。本研究根据对收集到的有关实测资料的统计和计算,对可以表征河道沉积动力特征的相关指标进行了量化分析,发现不同河型段间的沉积动力特征存在明显差别。河道比降在辫状河段最大,介于0.2‰~0.14‰之间;弯曲河段的次之,介于0.14‰~0.10‰之间;顺直河段的小于0.10‰。平滩流量时的流速在辫状河段的较大,不同年份间的变幅较大;弯曲河段的次之,不同年份间的变幅较小;顺直河段的最小,不同年份间的变幅不大,并向下游显著减小。单位河长能耗率在辫状河段最大,弯曲河段次之,顺直河段的最小,其间的比值为2.31∶〖KG-*2〗1.35∶1。单位面积能耗率在辫状河段最小,弯曲河段最大,顺直河段次之,其间的比值为0.52∶〖KG-*2〗1.18∶〖KG-*2〗1。河床沉积物粒度较细,并普遍缺失推移质组分,中值粒度在辫状河段、弯曲河段和顺直河段分别为3.0、3.2、3.67;河床沉积物的分选性也依次变好。受制于上述相关沉积动力特性,河床沉积速率在不同河型段有明显差别:中大流量时,辫状河段的最小,弯曲河段的最大,顺直河段的次之;在小流量时,三个河型段的河床沉积速率非常接近,但沿程略有减小。另外,辫状河段河床沉积速率明显依赖于流量的变化,且随流量的增大而明显减小。     

西藏申扎地区下二叠统昂杰组C-O 同位素地球化学特征

根据岩石地层及生物地层研究,西藏申扎地区下二叠统昂杰组可分为下段的砂质灰岩、微晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩段和上段的灰黑色薄层状泥岩、页岩夹钙质粉细砂岩段,时代为早二叠世亚丁斯克期—空谷期。系统采集了24件昂杰组灰岩段C-O同位素样品,测试结果表明,昂杰组样品δ13C最大值为6.312‰,最小值为4.032‰,平均值为5.794‰;δ18O最大值为-1.785‰,最小值为-7.476‰,平均值为-4.494‰。无机碳同位素的变化存在一次缓慢的正向偏移,这与早二叠世中晚期冈瓦纳北缘冰川作用及陆生植物大规模繁衍有很大的相关性。     

钻孔曲线图表法与钻孔偏斜距离计算公式推导

目前我们所采用的钻孔曲线制作方法——图解法,由于受量角器等制图工具的限制,尽管作图人员小心谨慎,也难免产生累积误差。这种误差,随孔深增大而增大,有时甚至超出允许范围。与图解法相伴随的钻孔偏斜距离数据,目前只是一种图解近似     

黄沙坪矿区花岗岩的硫同位素特征及地质意义

黄沙坪矿床是湘南地区最大的铅锌多金属矿床.矿区内发育的花岗岩出露面积最大仅为0.6 km2,却导致铅、锌等金属巨量堆积,因此明确其成矿物质来源是理解矿床成因的关键.为探究矿床内硫的来源,本次研究在已有工作的基础上,对黄沙坪矿区石英斑岩和花岗斑岩进行了系统的全岩硫同位素分析,并与已有硫化物硫同位素数据进行了对比研究.结果显示,矿区石英斑岩和花岗斑岩的δ34 S范围分别为+4.1‰～+7.5‰和+4.9‰～+11.4‰,与典型的S型花岗岩硫同位素组成基本一致,而明显低于区内矿石δ34S值(+2.3‰～+17.5‰).综合上述,我们认为矿区岩浆硫的同位素组成应接近或略低于花岗质岩石全岩硫同位素组成,成矿物质硫除部分来自岩浆外,很大程度上有地层或膏盐层硫的加入,这可能是黄沙坪成为区域上最大铅锌多金属矿床的重要原因.     

小口径铸钢偏斜器

小口径金刚石钻进,有时为了补取岩(矿)芯或为了避开孔内事故钻具,需要偏斜钻进.过去常用管材加工偏斜器,这种偏斜器在偏斜钻进过程中或工作一段时间后容易磨透“肚子”. 我队车间利用废钢料浇铸偏斜器.铸钢偏斜器具有耐磨、坚固的优点.由于浇铸的偏斜器表面比较粗糙,使用前应在车床上进行机加     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861