浙江珊溪水库2014年震群活动发震机理研究

本文使用双差定位法对2014年9月12日至12月30日浙江珊溪水库发生的4184次地震进行重定位,并采用CAP方法对11次M_L≥3.0地震事件的震源机制解进行反演,讨论了震群序列的活动特征及其与断裂之间的关系,分析了水库水位与地震之间的关系.重新定位的结果显示,在空间分布上,2014年震群序列发生在2006年震群序列NW向延伸的方向上,两者形成一条线性条带,该条带平行分布于双溪—焦溪垟断裂南侧.重定位得到的震源主要在0.7—6 km深度范围内分层分布,垂直于地震条带走向的震源剖面刻画出的结构面以高角度倾向SW.震源机制解结果显示多数地震为走滑型,均存在一个与地震条带走向一致的NW向节面,呈右旋走滑错动性质.考虑到断裂的定位误差,线性分布的震群活动极有可能沿双溪—焦溪垟断裂的破裂面活动,精定位的震源位置和震源机制刻画出了该断裂的几何结构和活动性质.但由于多数地震的震源深度在6 km以上,因此震群活动不能归为双溪—焦溪垟断裂活动的结果,即双溪—焦溪垟断裂不是这两次震群的发震构造,而且仍然属于水库诱发地震,而水库地震存在激发该断裂发生构造地震的可能.水库水位上升或者下降与震群活动关系不大,震群活动有随时间进一步增强的趋势, 可能是库水沿库底断层破裂面长期渗透和扩散增加了孔隙压所致.      

利用sPn震相计算石嘴山M_L4.4地震震源深度

利用sPn和Pn震相走时差计算的2014年2月28日石嘴山M_L4.4地震的震源深度为7.21±0.277km;分析不同震源深度下民勤台的理论波形与观测波形拟合结果,得到震源深度为7~8km。研究认为,石嘴山M_L4.4地震属于浅源地震,震源浅和沉积层较厚是此次地震震感较强的主要原因。另外,合理选取地震波形数据和震相识别方法,可有效提高s Pn震相测定震源深度的可靠性。为便于应用,本文还给出了宁夏地区地震震源分别位于上地壳和下地壳时sPn和Pn震相走时差与震源深度的对应关系表。     

运城震群现场监视中的综合预报

1986年11月7日山西运城出现了一次震群活动.至1987年2月1日共发生地震801次.最大地震为4.7(M_L),位于东经111°03′、北纬35°11.5′,震源深度5.5公里,震中烈度达5度强.由于运城震群的震源较浅,3.0级以上地震在震区普遍有感,甚至2.0级左右或2.0至2.9级间的地震也不同程度地有感.因此,这次震群活动对当地群众影响较大.     

2011年7月威海地震序列的地震构造背景及烈度调查

通过开展野外调查、震源深度校核、震源机制解反演等多项工作,综合研究了2011年7月威海地震序列.利用P波初动方法反演震群震源机制解,结果表明本次震群的破裂方式均为走滑型,节面Ⅰ(走向北东向)是最可能的破裂面.结合已有的研究成果,初步推断震群的发生受北东向断裂的控制.通过识别地震波形的Pn震相和sPn震相,计算得到地震震源深度,推测本次地震发生在上地壳.由于震源深度较浅,地震烈度调查工作表明震中最大烈度能达到Ⅴ度.     

2015年1月山西介休M_L3.3震群发震原因初步研究

2015年1月15~27日,山西介休发生M_L3.3震群活动。精定位结果显示:震源体很小,震源较浅;根据震源谱拐角频率和视应力特征认为,本次震群活动与水库诱发地震有相似之处。鉴于本次震群孕震过程可能有水等流体的参与,本文综合构造环境、震源参数、介休井水位升降以及不同时段区域应力场分析等,对介休震群发震原因进行了探讨。初步认为介休地区裂隙发育,地下水渗透、扩散使得地壳浅部岩体强度弱化,是山西介休M_L3.3震群发震的主要原因。同时,地下水渗透使得该区地震波高频成分衰减强烈,拐角频率和视应力明显低于山西其它地区同震级地震的水平。     

2016年10月广东乳源M_L 2.8级震群活动特征

2016年10月7日至26日广东省乳源县发生M_L2.8级震群活动,共记录到地震250次,其中M_L1.0~1.9级166次,M_L2.0~2.9级17次,最大为10月10日的M_L2.8级地震,震源深度8 km。根据乳源震群与南水水库震群活动、波速比、视应力和应力降对比,初步判断此次乳源震群活动在弱挤压应力背景下产生,且为非水库诱发地震,印证了近年来东南沿海地区地震活动由水库区向非水库区转移或扩展的特征,是东南沿海地震带地震活动进一步增强的表现。根据乳源震群沿北西向沟谷展布的特征、主震震源机制解北西向节面的左旋走滑正断性质,结合地质构造背景及现场调查结果,推测从震中区到英德市望埠镇存在走向310°,倾向南西,倾角47°的隐伏断裂,为乳源震群发震构造,此隐伏断裂可能是北东向吴川-四会断裂带的共轭构造,与近年来吴川-四会断裂活动增强有密切关系。     

单台sPL震相测定珊溪水库地震震源深度

稀疏台网下的传统走时定位难以确定中小地震的震源深度,而地震波深度震相蕴含着震源深度信息,为确定地震震源深度提供了新的途径。近震深度震相sPL和直达Pg波到时差与震源深度呈线性关系,可用以约束地震震源深度。本文以珊溪水库2014年震群事件为例,利用单台sPL震相测定了地震震源深度。结果表明:震源深度的测定结果与基于水库台网高密度台站下Pg和Sg走时定位Hyposat方法和全波形拟合CAP方法测定的震源深度高度一致,为4—6 km,与区域活动断层探测结果相符。sPL震相的优势震中距为30—50 km,区域台网范围内sPL与Pg的到时差与震源深度的线性关系相对固定,因此利用单台sPL震相即可快速获取可靠的地震震源深度,适用于稀疏台网下的中小地震震源深度的确定,且误差可控制在1—2 km范围内。      

2014年金寨ML3.9震群序列遗漏地震检测及发震构造分析

针对2014年8月-2015年1月安徽金寨发生的ML3.9震群,利用匹配滤波技术补充台网目录遗漏的地震事件,再利用波形互相关震相检测技术标定P波和S波到时,进一步采用双差定位方法对震群进行重定位,结合震源机制解等分析此次震群活动可能的发震构造.计算结果显示,通过互相关扫描检测到1376个地震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,数量...     

基于PTD方法测定2014年金寨M_L3.9震群的震源深度

通过PTD方法测定了2014年金寨ML3.9震群40个ML≥1.8地震的震源深度,采用sPL深度震相方法验证其可靠性,分析了震源深度的统计特征和随时间变化特征。结果表明,该方法测定的震源深度较为可靠,金寨震群的震源深度较浅,集中分布在4~6km范围,是发生在上地壳的浅源构造地震,且随时间变化较为稳定,未出现随时间下迁的趋势。     

大同—阳高震群多波分析及震群特征：—CDSN应用系列论文五

本文应用多波震相分析法,对1989年10月18日大同震群进行研究。使用模拟和数字台网资料,对主、余震群进行了多波分析处理。初步探讨了主震群的震源机制解及其与地质构造的关系;用sPn、P_M、S_M 等震相较准确的测定了震源深度及震群深度变化范围;通过震相、波形和振幅比的综合分析,清晰的显示大同-阳高震群具有两种震源类型特征,其中用(M)界面反射波 P_M、S_M 的振幅比,做出的大同-阳高地震序列时空域图象更为明显。本文初步研究表明,多波震相分析法,对较准确的测定主余震群的震源深度,推测震源延伸的走向,初步判断震源机制的变化及有可能为单台开展监测预报探索到一种新的途径。     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.