高塑性土路用性能试验研究

结合一工程实例,通过浸水CBR试验,分析高塑性土在毛细饱水情况下的强度特征,揭示高塑性土的路用特性,并将室内研究成果结合现场工艺试验,研究在不添加外掺剂的前提下,直接利用高塑性土填筑路基的途径和方法。     

土基模量随季节变化规律及其数值的确定

土基回弹模量作为路面设计的重要力学参数,在我国路面设计方法中选取最不利季节的土基回弹模量值作为土基的设计强度,没有考虑一年中含水量变化对土基强度的影响,本文通过分析土基回弹模量随季节含水量的变化规律,借鉴AASHTO设计方法中不同季节模量对路面造成的相对损伤思想,推导出等效回弹模量计算公式uf=0.95107E-5d,提出用等效土基回弹模量值代替最不利季节模量值作为土基强度设计值,不仅能够提高土基自身的抗变形能力,还可以很有效的提高沥青路面结构的整体设计强度。     

细粒土路基填料承载比试验技术要求及影响因素

分析了美国、英国、日本和我国交通行业标准对承载比(CBR)试验要求的异同,强调了承载比试验的操作技术及注意事项,并对试验中的一些问题进行了有益的探讨。为了研究影响黏性土CBR值的主要因素,结合在建高速公路15组填料进行了物理、力学试验。分别从土体的颗粒组成、矿物成分以及黏土矿物成分等几方面研究了黏性土填料CBR值的影响。结果显示,在标准的试验方法和相同的试验条件下,当土体的塑性指数相同时,影响CBR值的因素主要是土体中矿物类型及其含量的多少,其次为黏粒组颗粒曲线分布情况及黏粉比m。     

常德-张家界高速公路慈利东互通段膨胀土工程特性及改性研究

在对常德张家界高速公路慈利东互通段工程地质综合测试、补充勘探的基础上 ,通过对膨胀土及其改良土进行了系统的试验研究 ,如自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀量、收缩、胀缩总率、颗粒分析、压缩、抗剪强度、承载比试验 ,评价了该段膨胀土的工程特性 ,对于指导膨胀土路基的设计与施工 ,具有重要的意义     

Assessment of Cement Kiln Dust-Treated Expansive Soil for the Construction of Flexible Pavements

An expansive soil (black cotton soil) treated with up to 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD), a waste obtained from the manufacture of cement, was evaluated for use as a flexible pavement construction material. Laboratory tests were carried out on specimens compacted with British Standard light, British Standard light or standard Proctor (relative compaction = 100 %) energy. Results obtained show that the index properties of the soil improved with CKD treatment. Peak unconfined compressive strength of 357.07 kN/m² and California bearing ratio (CBR) of 7 % as well as resistance to loss in strength of 44 % were recorded at 10 % CKD treatment. Reduction in the particle sizes with curing period was observed when samples were viewed through the scanning electron microscope. The study showed that CKD can be beneficially used to improve the subgrade of lightly trafficked roads and as admixture in lime stabilization during construction of flexible pavements over expansive soil.     

电石灰改良滨海地区盐渍土路基可行性研究

滨海盐渍土作为一种特殊土,具有溶陷、盐胀、腐蚀等不良的工程特性,而滨海地区用盐渍土作为路基填料是交通建设需要解决的重大岩土工程问题之一。为了解决滨海盐渍土的工程问题,分析了电石灰改良盐渍土路基填料的液塑限试 验、击实试验、室内CBR试验和不同条件的不固结、不排水三轴试验结果,从工程技术、降低造价和环境保护等方面对滨海高速公路路基填料改良利用的可行性进行了研究论证,研究成果对滨海地区盐渍土路基的修筑具有参考价值。     

An analytical solution to the design of precast concrete pavements

Precast concrete pavement units are used in areas with low subgrade CBR values and high static and dynamic loadings. Unlike flexible pavements and rigid pavements, there are no design charts from which pavement engineers can design precast concrete pavements. The author has investigated analytically the relative importance of the factors affecting the ultimate stress and subgrade bearing pressures in precast concrete pavements. Presenting the results in graphical form, the design charts are used toillustrate the new design method.     

冲击碾压法处理黄土地基的试验研究

通过载荷试验、标准贯入试验、重型动力触探试验、静力触探试验等原位测试,以及探井取土样进行室内土工试验,对黄土地区某高速公路路段进行冲击碾压法地基处理的试验研究,探讨地基土的压实度、密实度、压缩性、湿陷性、处理深度等随冲压遍数的变化规律。研究表明,采用冲击碾压法处理黄土地基,一次处理的有效深度可达1.0 m,且对1.0～2.0 m土层有一定程度的影响。因此,冲击碾压法处理地基是有效和实用的,且生产效率高,可在黄土地区路基工程中推广应用。     

高速铁路路基填料冻胀试验研究

路基冻胀是季节冻土区修建高速铁路必须面对的关键性技术难题. 国内外针对路基填料的冻胀机理和特性进行了很多研究, 但很少涉及路基填料的渗透性问题. 通过室内试验研究了细颗粒含量对路基填料含水量和冻胀率的影响, 通过现场试验研究了路基填料的渗透性能, 选取哈齐客专某试验段路基进行冻胀监测, 验证了防冻层填料的导水特征及其防冻胀性能. 结果表明: 采用填料防冻的技术路线是可行的, 通过合理控制填料组分、级配、细颗粒含量等设计参数, 严格把控施工质量, 路基填料能够满足高速铁路路基防冻胀要求.     

红黏土路基填筑压实度控制指标探讨

红黏土属于一类典型的特殊土,路基施工规范指出,特殊填料进行填筑路基时可根据具体情况适当降低压实度要求,并且规定有些高液限、高塑指黏土不能直接作为路基填料填筑。利用某高速公路处的红黏土进行了重型击实和承载比试验,试验结果表明：红黏土在最优含水率附近具有很强的水敏性。最优含水率点对应的CBR值并非最大值,其最大CBR值对应的含水率大于最优含水率3%左右,在此基础上结合土体的强度、压缩性、胀缩性、渗透性等指标随压实度变化的规律,确定该桩号红黏土作为下路堤填料其压实度可降低2.5%,填筑含水率控制在35%左右。     

Effect of freeze—thaw cycles on resilient properties of fine-grained soils

Stress-deformation data for silt and clay subgrade soils were obtained from in-situ tests and laboratory tests, for use in mechanistic models for design of pavements that will experience freezing and thawing. Plate-bearing tests were run on in-service allbituminous-concrete (ABC) pavements constructed directly on silt subgrade, and on an experimental ABC pavement constructed on clay subgrade, applying repeated loads to the pavement surfaces while the subgrade was frozen, thawing, thawed, and fully recovered. The in-service pavement had experienced several seasons of natural cyclic freezing and thawing, while the experimental pavement was artificially frozen and thawed twice. Repeated-load laboratory triaxial compression tests were performed on the same soils in the frozen and thawed states.

Analysis of deflection data from the in-situ tests showed resilient moduli of the subgrade soils up to more than 10 GPa when frozen, as low as 2 MPa during the thawing period, and up to more than 100 MPa when fully recovered. Analysis of the laboratory tests, which gave moduli comparable to the latter values, showed that resilient modulus and Poisson's ratio in the thawed and recovering conditions can be expressed as a function of the stress state, the moisture content, and the dry density.     

太湖软土地基沉降特性分析

根据太湖地区某高速公路路基沉降实测资料,通过现场原位取样结合室内试验,分析了太湖冲湖积相软土的压缩特性,总结出软土路基的沉降变化规律,研究了工程地质条件和填土高度对路基沉降的影响,并采用归一化指标得到不同地基处理方式下的沉降估算公式,同时对两种常用全过程路基沉降预测方法进行了比较。结果表明,太湖冲湖积相软土具有较强的结构性;相似地质条件下的路基沉降差异较大,土体结构性是影响路基沉降的重要因素之一;归一化指标分析可得到不同路基处理方式下的简单沉降估算式;常用的全过程沉降量预测方法对于最终沉降量的预测均存在一定的偏差,可综合分析预测结果得到较为准确的预测值。     

Sustainable Construction Case History: Fly Ash Stabilization of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Material

A case history is described where Class C fly ash was used to stabilize recycled pavement material (RPM) during construction of a flexible pavement in Waseca, MN, USA. The project consisted of pulverizing the existing hot-mix asphalt (HMA), base, and subgrade to a depth of 300 mm to form RPM, blending the RPM with fly ash (10% by dry weight) and water, compacting the RPM, and placement of a new HMA surface. California bearing ratio (CBR), resilient modulus (M_r), and unconfined compression (q_u) tests were conducted on the RPM alone and the fly ash stabilized RPM (SRPM) prepared in the field and laboratory to evaluate how addition of fly ash improved the strength and stiffness. After 7 days of curing, SRPM prepared in the laboratory had CBR ranging between 70 and 94, M_r between 78 and 119 MPa, and q_u between 284 and 454 kPa, whereas the RPM alone had CBR between 3 and 17 and M_r between 46 and 50 MPa. Lower CBR, M_r, and q_u were obtained for SRPM mixed in the field relative to the SRPM mixed in the laboratory (64% lower for CBR, 25% lower for M_r, and 50% lower for q_u). In situ falling weight deflectometer testing conducted 1 year after construction showed no degradation in the modulus of the SRPM, even though the SRPM underwent a freeze–thaw cycle. Analysis of leachate collected in the lysimeter showed that concentrations of all trace elements were below USEPA maximum contaminant levels.     

高速公路路基结构分析及动变形设计方法

考虑汽车运动荷载,基于实测路面不平整资料,对影响动荷载的因素进行分析,提出了动力设计荷载参数的建议值。通过Odemark模量和厚度当量假定,将公路结构简化为3层体系,并利用弹性动力学原理及Fourier变换方法获得了路基顶面动变形的计算式。结合现有规范关于路面弯沉控制的思想,考虑路面路基的相互作用及协调变形,给出了路基顶面的动变形控制标准和确定方法,依据此标准提出了一种路基动变形控制设计的方法。最后以3种典型沥青公路结构为例,进行了路基动变形控制设计。     

Potential of marble dust to stabilise red tropical soils for road construction

The potential of marble dust as a stabilizing additive to red tropical soils was evaluated. The evaluation involved the determination of the geotechnical properties of three different red tropical soils in their natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of marble dust. The parameters tested included the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, the standard compaction characteristics, the compressive strength and the California bearing ratio (CBR). The strength tests were repeated after normal 28 day curing of the treated samples and also after accelerated 24 h curing at temperatures of 40°C, 60°C and 80°C.

Results showed that the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils are improved substantially by the addition of marble dust; plasticity was reduced by 20 to 33% and strength and CBR increased by 30 to 46% and 27 to 55% respectively. The highest strength and CBR values were achieved at 8% marble dust. Results also showed that normal 28 day curing improved the strength of the marble dust-treated soil with over 80% strength gain achieved after 7 to 10 days of normal curing. Higher strength development was realised following accelerated 24 h curing at 60°C.

Although these results imply marked improvement in the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils, the higher strength developed is not enough for the improved soil to be used as a base material in the construction of heavily trafficked flexible pavements. The improved material may, however, be successfully used as base material for lightly trafficked roads and as a sub-base material for heavily trafficked roads.     

云母片（麻）岩风化料填筑路基的性能研究

通过室内试验,研究了高云母含量的云母片（麻）岩风化料的压实性能、水稳定性、CBR等工程特性。结果表明,由于云母片表面极光滑, 且具有高弹性,大量云母片的存在使得风化料颗粒间嵌挤能力差,抗剪能力低,在击实过程中易出现表层起皮、松散和回弹现象;其水稳定性差,强度偏低,CBR值达不到高速公路上路床填料的强度标准;增加击实功,不能明显改善材料的压实性能;利用该类材料填筑路基,宜采用静压施工,避免振动碾压。对该类材料采用黏土、风化砂、水泥改性后,可明显改善材料的压实性能,提高材料的强度。从工程经济的角度提出了合理的改性材料外掺剂量。     

黄河冲淤积平原区高速公路地基沉降规律研究

采用FLAC有限差分的计算方法建立了黄河冲淤积平原粉性土公路地基的流-固耦合模型。考虑孔隙水的排出过程和施工时路基的分层加载过程,对黄河冲淤积平原粉性土公路地基不同施工阶段的固结沉降进行了计算分析,并与现场实测的结果进行了对比。研究认为,对一般路段,当路基高度H≤10 m时,路基施工后可直接进行路面结构施工;当路基高度 H≥12 m时,放置6个月仍不能满足容许工后沉降的要求。对桥台与台背填土,这两个界限分别是路基高度H≤6 m和H≥ 8 m。对于涵洞、通道,分别是路基高度H≤8 m和H≥10 m。     

砾状煤系土改良性能的试验研究

针对广梧高速公路沿线的砾状煤系土不能满足路基填料要求的问题,采用室内试验的方法,对其提出了分别掺加生石灰和水泥两种改良方案并进行改良试验对比研究。研究结果表明：经水泥改良后的砾状煤系土的压实性能、承载比和水稳性等方面效果明显优于经石灰改良的;经水泥改良后的抗剪性能、无侧限抗压强度和抗变形能力均有较大程度的提高;在影响砾状煤系土强度的因素中,水泥掺入比的影响最显著,其次是龄期和含水率,并根据无侧限抗压强度试验结果提出了多因素影响拟合公式。砾状煤系土掺加约3%水泥改良后直接作为路基填料可满足要求,为煤系土地区路基处理提供借鉴依据。     

膨润土改性黄土衬里防渗性能室内测试与预测

试验测定了膨润土改性黄土试样的渗透系数,研究膨润土改性黄土用作废弃物填埋场衬里的可行性,为天然黏土匮乏地区防渗材料本土化提供依据。选取两种代表性黄土,即黏性较大的兰州黄土(LH)和砂性较大的榆林黄土(YH),分别向其中添加不同比例的两种膨润土后击实成样,利用柔性壁渗透仪测定改性黄土的渗透系数,分析了改性黄土渗透系数随膨润土添加率增大的变化规律,确定了满足衬里防渗要求的膨润土添加率。利用扫描电镜照片统计了改性黄土的孔隙特征参数,发现添加膨润土后黄土中原有的大孔隙被充填或分隔成更多的中、小孔隙,有效阻滞了渗流液体通过,从微观结构的角度揭示了改性黄土渗透性降低的实质。依据实测数据建立了膨润土改性黄土的渗透回归模型,据此可以预测不同添加量的膨润土改性黄土的渗透系数。     

高速公路拓宽工程沉降控制复合地基优化设计

按沉降控制设计理论,结合有关公路设计规范、路面功能性和结构性的要求以及有限元法分析路基差异沉降引起路面附加应力的计算结果,提出了采用工后路基路拱横坡度变化小于等于0.45 %作为软土地基上高速公路拓宽工程的容许新老路基差异沉降控制标准。采用有限元法对佛山-开平高速公路拓宽工程标准断面进行分析,采用不同参数计算出水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的新老路基差异沉降。根据沉降控制标准,优化出既满足新老路基差异沉降控制要求,又效益最优的高速公路拓宽工程软土路基水泥土搅拌桩处理的设计参数,即工程水泥土搅拌桩采用面积置换率为8.9 %(对应桩间距1.6 m),桩长8 m,桩径为0.5 m,水泥掺入比为15 %;实际使用时,考虑桩土存在一定的不协调,可适当提高桩体面积置换率达10.1 %（对应桩间距1.5 m）。