数字地球与3维地理信息系统研究

美国副总统戈尔关于“数字地球”的演讲引起许多国家政界、学术界的关注。基于“数字地球”的概念,在全球信息数字化过程中,３维地理信息系统起着重要作用。由于空间对象和３维ＧＩＳ的复杂性,在处理各种空间现象时,如地质现象的表示和矿山应用,宜根据实际应用的需要,采用不同的数据结构和可视化方式,包括２维、２．５维、３维的以及它们的结合,以取得良好效果和效益。     

A European perspective on Digital Earth

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth (DE), identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE). The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe (Europe 2020, Innovation Union and Digital Agenda) and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective: (1) integrating scientific research into DE; (2) exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing; and (3) governance, including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives. The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth, Australia, in August 2011. The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe.     

建设国家对地观测体系,构筑"数字地球"

论述了“数字地球”的特征与重要意义,指出对地观测是“数字地球”的核心内容之一。建议中国不失时机地组织建设国家对地观测体系。该体系可在信息获取、处理与应用３个层面上构建,并提出近期中国对地观测应优先发展的领域,以持续地为“数字地球”发展作贡献     

数字地球中的数据处理理论

数字地球这一概念一经提出，立即引起了全世界的广泛关注，数字地球对于促进国民经济的发展、满足社会发展的需要以及迎接信息社会的挑战都具有非常重要的意义。数字地球的基础和关键是数据，文中首先扼要归纳了数字地球中数据的特点，然后重点介绍了数字地球中的数据处理理论，并对数字地球中的数据处理理论这一领域今后的发展作了展望。     

信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施与数字地球

本文叙述国家信息基础设施（ＮＩＩ）、国家空间数据基础设施（ＮＳＤＩ）和数字地球的概念与相互关系,通过讨论分析,对如何推动我国信息高科技发展提出了若干有价值的建议。     

Advancing Digital Earth: beyond the next generation

The Digital Earth (DE) movement is gaining momentum. Much of it is unstructured. This paper examines a number of recent developments including those in health sensors (Wearable Absence, Q-Sensor, and Guardian Angels) and systems frameworks (Gelernter's Mirror Worlds, Virtual Australia, and New Zealand). Consideration is given to the implications of DE for citizens and on citizen science, including those of ethics. A suite of principles to guide the development of DE is proposed.     

Hexagonal connectivity maps for Digital Earth

Geospatial data are gathered through a variety of different methods. The integration and handling of such datasets within a Digital Earth framework are very important in many aspects of science and engineering. One means of addressing these tasks is to use a Discrete Global Grid System and map points of the Earth's surface to cells. An indexing mechanism is needed to access the data and handle data queries within these cells. In this paper, we present a general hierarchical indexing mechanism for hexagonal cells resulting from the refinement of triangular spherical polyhedra representing the Earth. In this work, we establish a 2D hexagonal coordinate system and diamond-based hierarchies for hexagonal cells that enables efficient determination of hierarchical relationships for various hexagonal refinements and demonstrate its usefulness in Digital Earth frameworks.     

Digital Earth from vision to practice: making sense of citizen-generated content

Abstract

The vision of Digital Earth (DE) put recently forward under the auspices of the International Society for DE extends the paradigm of spatial data infrastructures by advocating an interactive and dynamic framework based on near-to-real time information from sensors and citizens. This paper contributes to developing that vision and reports the results of a two-year research project exploring the extent to which it is possible to extract information useful for policy and science from the large volumes of messages and photos being posted daily through social networks. Given the noted concerns about the quality of such data in relation to that provided by authoritative sources, the research has developed a semi-automatic workflow to assess the fitness for purpose of data extracted from Twitter and Flickr, and compared them to that coming from official sources, using forest fires as a case study. The findings indicate that we were able to detect accurately six of eight major fires in France in the summer of 2011, with another four detected by the social networks but not reported by our official source, the European Forest Fire Information Service. These findings and the lessons learned in handling the very large volumes of unstructured data in multiple languages discussed in this study provide useful insights into the value of social network data for policy and science, and contribute to advancing the vision of DE.     

迎接"数字地球"的挑战

从地球科学发展战略的角度,分析了“数字地球”对中国的挑战以及“数字地球”本身所面临的挑战,论述了发展“中国数字地球”的必要性和可能性,提出了发展“中国数字地球”的战略措施     

Digital Earth: a new challenge and new vision

ABSTRACT

Digital Earth has seen great progress during the last 19 years. When it entered into the era of big data, Digital Earth developed into a new stage, namely one characterized by ‘Big Earth Data’, confronting new challenges and opportunities. In this paper we give an overview of the development of Digital Earth by summarizing research achievements and marking the milestones of Digital Earth’s development. Then, the opportunities and challenges that Big Earth Data faces are discussed. As a data-intensive scientific research approach, Big Earth Data provides a new vision and methodology to Earth sciences, and the paper identifies the advantages of Big Earth Data to scientific research, especially in knowledge discovery and global change research. We believe that Big Earth Data will advance and promote the development of Digital Earth.     

数字地球与“地相学”

本文通过对数字地球的诠释,结合与地相学的本质联系,论述了二者的形成与发展的关联程度,提出了数字地球是地相学的“量化”;地相学是数字地球的理论支撑与生存、发展的土壤,也是数字地球的学科定位“解”。进而,阐明数字时空的实现是数字地球更宽泛的归宿。     

The framework of a geospatial semantic web-based spatial decision support system for Digital Earth

Abstract

While significant progress has been made to implement the Digital Earth vision, current implementation only makes it easy to integrate and share spatial data from distributed sources and has limited capabilities to integrate data and models for simulating social and physical processes. To achieve effectiveness of decision-making using Digital Earth for understanding the Earth and its systems, new infrastructures that provide capabilities of computational simulation are needed. This paper proposed a framework of geospatial semantic web-based interoperable spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) to expand capabilities of the currently implemented infrastructure of Digital Earth. Main technologies applied in the framework such as heterogeneous ontology integration, ontology-based catalog service, and web service composition were introduced. We proposed a partition-refinement algorithm for ontology matching and integration, and an algorithm for web service discovery and composition. The proposed interoperable SDSS enables decision-makers to reuse and integrate geospatial data and geoprocessing resources from heterogeneous sources across the Internet. Based on the proposed framework, a prototype to assist in protective boundary delimitation for Lunan Stone Forest conservation was implemented to demonstrate how ontology-based web services and the services-oriented architecture can contribute to the development of interoperable SDSSs in support of Digital Earth for decision-making.     

"数字地球"的体系结构

根据我们一年来对“数字地球”的研究,从地理信息与信息技术发展和信息化社会的角度出发,系统地介绍了“数字地球”涉及的研究内容、关键技术、应用前景等问题,比较客观地阐明了“数字地球”的相关内容。     

An integrated and layered architecture for location-aware computing

This paper gives an overall introduction to the basic concept of LAC(location-aware computing) and its development status, puts forward an integrated location-aware computing architecture which is useful for designing the reasonable logical model of LBS(location-based service). Finally, a brief introduction is conducted on a LAC experimental prototype, which acts as a mobile urban tourism assistant.     

Adopting cloud computing to optimize spatial web portals for better performance to support Digital Earth and other global geospatial initiatives

A spatial web portal (SWP) provides a web-based gateway to discover, access, manage, and integrate worldwide geospatial resources through the Internet and has the access characteristics of regional to global interest and spiking. Although various technologies have been adopted to improve SWP performance, enabling high-speed resource access for global users to better support Digital Earth remains challenging because of the computing and communication intensities in the SWP operation and the dynamic distribution of end users. This paper proposes a cloud-enabled framework for high-speed SWP access by leveraging elastic resource pooling, dynamic workload balancing, and global deployment. Experimental results demonstrate that the new SWP framework outperforms the traditional computing infrastructure and better supports users of a global system such as Digital Earth. Reported methodologies and framework can be adopted to support operational geospatial systems, such as monitoring national geographic state and spanning across regional and global geographic extent.     

＂Digital Region＂ in the Context of the ＂Grid Computing＂

This paper is to construct a “digital local, regional, region“ information framework based on the technology of “SIG“ and its significance and application to the regional sustainable development evaluation system. First, the concept of the “grid computing“ and “SIG“ is interpreted and discussed, then the relationship between the “grid computing“ and “digital region“ is analyzed, and the framework of the “digital region“ is put forward. Finally, the significance and application of “grid computing“ to the “region sustainable development evaluation system“ are discussed.     

网格计算与Grid GIS体系结构与关键技术探讨

结合当前的网格计算和网格数据库技术,从GIS集成运算与数据共享的角度概括了GridGIS包括应用层、中间件层与资源层三层架构的协同工作体系结构和宽带网络技术、分布对象技术、互操作技术与GML共享技术等关键技术支撑以及GridGIS服务组成结构等。     

"Digital Region" in the Context of the "Grid Computing"

This paper is to construct a "digital local, regional, region" information framework based on the technology of "SIG" and its significance and application to the regional sustainable development evaluation system. First, the concept of the "grid computing" and "SIG" is interpreted and discussed, then the relationship between the "grid computing" and "digital region" is analyzed, and the framework of the "digital region" is put forward. Finally, the significance and application of "grid computing" to the "region sustainable development evaluation system" are discussed.     

浅析城市部件的数字化采集方法

为了提高城市管理水平、实现科学和规范化管理,借鉴"数字城市管理系统"模式的成功案例,根据网格化城市管理系统的要求,实施网格化管理信息化建设工程,进行城市部件的数据采集工作,并将所获取的数据成功地转入数据库。本文根据城市部件数字化采集工作的实际经验和做法,从城市部件的类型及编码、城市部件数据采集方法和精度要求以及城市部件成果数据库的建立三个部分进行了分析和阐述,以供测绘工作者参考。     

地球剖分格网研究进展综述

通过梳理近十多年来地球剖分格网的相关研究文献,从剖分建模(四边形剖分、等积剖分和立体剖分)、编码计算(层次编码运算、填充曲线编码运算和整数坐标编码运算)、质量评价(评价准则、评价因子和层次传播趋势)及典型应用(政府机构应用、商业系统应用和行业领域应用)等4个方面,对该领域研究进展进行了系统的分类分析,较为详细地给出了不同格网模型的结构特点、适用模式及其存在的不足。最后总结出地球剖分格网在理论基础完备性、格网计算高效性及格网质量可靠性等方面研究的前沿问题。