THE SACRED,THE REGIONAL,AND THE DIGITAL*

ABSTRACT. As an information economy and a cultural hallmark, cyberspace belies traditional boundaries yet involves a distinctive territory, citizenry, literature, technology, capital and finance, ritual, weapons and belligerencies, a recognizable past, and variegated if unspecified futures. Not easily quantified is the geography of so elusive and placeless an entity, and its technology has been variously portrayed as utopian, liberating, elitist, or enslaving; in it are brought to life strains of technological determinism. Maps of cyberspace can be forged only with utmost difficulty, and it is best beloved and imagined in dense cyberpunk fiction. Part sacred space, part ethereal region, part digital fact, cyberspace involves a regional geography perhaps best captured in a koan: What is the place where everyone is but nobody lives?     

天山南麓台兰河口丘状堆积物成因及时代的新见解

研究表明台兰河口的丘状堆积体属古泥石流成因，物质组成显示泥石流形成于中低山带的峡谷段，泥石流可能由谷坡堆积物（主要为钙质胶结的冰碛）滑塌阻塞河床发展而成。其形成时代晚于末次冰期，应在全新世中期或更晚一些。     

AMERICAN NATIONALISM,THE FLAG,AND THE INVASION OF IRAQ*

U.S. armed forces invaded Iraq in March 2003, claiming that the country had weapons of mass destruction (wmd ) which it intended to use against the United States Although evidence of the existence of these wmd was limited, President George W. Bush's administration faced little opposition in taking the United States to war. Using the concepts of “iconography” and “banal nationalism,” I argue that the events of 9/11 and the subsequent outpouring of nationalism dampened opposition to the invasion of Iraq. The increased display of the American flag in the aftermath of 9/11 was emblematic of this increase in nationalism and generated additional support for the Bush administration's decision to go to war. This nationalism further created a form of “collective amnesia” that limited the citizenry's receptivity to information contradicting the administration's narrative, which continues to linger.     

THE RISE,FALL, AND RECONFIGURATION OF THE MEXICAN EJIDO*

ABSTRACT. After the Mexican Revolution of 1910 the Mexican federal government created a communal resource‐holding institution, the ejido, to redress long‐standing land‐tenure inequality. Between the 1930s and the late 1970s, the period of active redistribution of federalized and previously private resources, half of Mexico's entire area was transferred to the ejido sector. Local ejidos became the driving political and economic force at the municipio level for agrarian reform, redistributing local power and affirming the national stamp of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional, the dominant national party of the twentieth century. Although the 1992–1993 reforms to Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution prohibited any future expansion of communal lands and allowed privatization of communal resources, few widespread privatization schemes have taken hold in the vast majority of ejidos. In this article I provide examples of this new communal framework and its implications, with illustrations based on fieldwork in the states of Guanajuato and Sonora.     

广东清远飞来峡的蕨类植物区系及资源开发

本文通过实地调查和查证有关的报告，开列了飞来峡的蕨类植物３４科５８属８８种，使蕨类植物种的记录由５９个增加到８８个，同时讨论了该区蕨类植物资源，区系特点，认为热带和亚热带成份占一定地位，其区民我国西南地区以及世界东南亚地区关系最密切。最后提出了资源开发的建议。     

新疆天山小尤尔都斯盆地全新世孢粉植物群与环境演变

通过对小洋都斯盆地剖面孢粉植物群的分析研究,结合沉积物,粒度只特征,探讨了小尤尔斯盆地全新世以来的环境演化;研究表明：全新世以来,小尤尔都斯盆地气候较理在略为湿润,曾在盆地中分布的草甸草原植被现在侧分布在海拔２７００－２９００ｍ的山地阴坡,四周山向盆地一侧曾有较大面积的云杉林分布。     

西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛火山岩地质和岩石学基本特征

西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛基本被玄武质、玄武安山质熔岩以及火山角砾岩和含植物化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩所覆盖。地层接触关系和火山岩岩石组合显示,该半岛的熔岩和火山角砾岩主要形成于第一阶段的火山活动,可与菲尔德斯半岛的碧玉山段以及玛瑙滩段地层对比;含化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩和角砾熔岩、火山角砾岩分别相当于长城站地区的化石山段和岩块山段的岩层,它们是晚期火山作用的产物。stansbury半岛和菲尔德斯半岛发育有基本相同的火山岩地层,并且都在化石山段地层中发现了植物化石,这表明两个半岛上的火山岩可能是早第三纪区域火山作用的共同产物。 半岛所出露的断裂大致平行菲尔德斯海峡并且控制了次火山岩的分布。 岩石学特征说明,Stansbury半岛的熔岩和次火山岩主要为玄武质和玄武安山质,岩石中的斑晶矿物包括偏基性的斜长石、单斜辉石。岩石化学成分中,随着SiO_2含量增高,Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO和铁含量下降,碱质则升高。和菲尔德斯半岛的火山岩一样,这个半岛的火山岩也基本沿着钙碱趋势演化。微量元素和稀土元素的丰度以及配分模式证明,这套岩石具有同源岩浆的亲缘关系并且可能经历了分离结晶作用过程。     

黄河断流概况、变化规律及其预测

该文简要介绍了黄河断流的现状、原因及其危害,初步揭示了黄河断流年度双高峰规律与多年逆反规律、利津站断流天数与花园口站月平均流量的关系、利津站全日断流天数与总断流天数的关系等变化规律,并统计分析了利津站最长断流天数、累计断流天数、断流长度、最早断流日期等发展趋势.上述研究为黄河断流预测提供了科学依据,可供有关部门参考.     

THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL TERRORISM ON THE RESIDENTIAL LOCATION OF THE POOR IN THE KINGSTON URBAN REGION,JAMAICA, WEST INDIES

Political terrorism is endemic in many large cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. From 1976 to the present, and particularly in 1979–1982, armed conflict between and within the two major political parties in Jamaica has profoundly affected residential location patterns of the urban poor. The Kingston Urban Region (population 719,000) has experienced dramatic movements in residential location. Between 1970 and 1985, out of a total exodus of 63,000 people from deteriorating war zones in the inner-city ghettos, at least 35,000 can be attributed directly to political terrorism. Such terrorism has also led to loss of housing and places of employment, overcrowding of other ghettos that have been spared or less seriously damaged, and a massive movement to locations up to 50 kilometers distant from the city center, in many cases to shanty and squatter settlements. The conflict has followed the exodus to the shanty towns, which are decreasingly secure and increasingly politicized. Transportation costs for some shanty town dwellers have reached as high as 44% of takehome pay. It is illogical that large areas of empty, blighted wasteland should exist within a kilometer of downtown while tens of thousands spend an ever increasing portion of their low incomes on commuting.     

深圳湾海底沉积层的研究

本文用全球定位系统与地球剖面系统对深圳湾进行网格状断面勘测,经室内剖面记录解译及与钻孔记录校核,将全部剖面录入计算机,再经地理信息系统分析处理,得出深圳湾海底沉积层的空间分布与各种数据。文中讨论了有关新技术在小区域地貌及第四纪地质研究中的应用及结果。     

大连半岛地貌,新构造运动与市区安全性

辽东半岛南端的大连半岛是一个刚性断块。其上无活动性大断裂穿过,老断裂多而规模小,在地貌和新地层上无新活动表现。穿越它们的第四纪河、海阶地均平行分布,无明显的垂直或水平错位。整个半岛第四纪以来作整体断块上升。半岛上的小震稀少零星,属刚性断块地壳应力作用下的微破坏活动。位于其上的大连市是安全的,无发生破坏性大震的危险。     

THE DATA,THE READER,AND THE INNOCENT BYSTANDER—A PARABLE FOR MAP USERS*

In 1977, I published a set of coarse-resolution dot maps that showed the general distributions of soil orders in the 48 states. Through a sequence of copies made by various people, one of those maps eventually appeared in a planning document as a shaded-area map with the title “Principal Peatlands of the United States.” Along the way a saline desert muck of conjectural extent and location was “transformed” into a documented energy resource for the nation. The history of this map offers a clear lesson for mapmakers: we have a three-fold duty, to the data, to the map reader, and to any third party who might be affected by a foreseeable misinterpretation of our maps.     

世界第一大峡谷--雅鲁藏布大峡谷科学考察新进展

介绍了首次徒步穿越世界第一大峡谷科学探险考虑活动观察到的新资料和新发现。     

COMMUNITY,SOCIETY, AND THE INDIVIDUAL

ABSTRACT. “Community” is a good warm word frequently invoked by citizens, social workers, and politicians. “Society,” by contrast, is more ambivalent, invoking something elitist and exclusive, as in the expression “high society.” The word “individual,” or “individualism,” often connoting selfishness and bracketed with society, is even more suspect in our time. I plead for a restoration of balance and esteem among the three terms as a necessary step toward acquiring a fuller understanding of the human condition and potential.     

THE LEICHOW PENINSULA,KWANGTUNG

The coasdine of our country from the gulf of Peichili southward is very regular in its general cutline, presenting an are with its convexity towards the Pacific Qcean There arc only two important exceptions: the Shantung Peninsula in the north, and the Lelchow Peninsula in the South. Each constitutes a partkular case in its own