加快我国自动气象观测站发展步伐

我国现有的地面气象观测站网布局不合理 ,观测时次偏少 ,所提供的气象信息 ,无论从时空上还是密度上 ,都不能满足监测预报灾害性天气的需要。努力加快我国自动气象观测站发展步伐 ,是提高对灾害性天气的监测能力和预报服务水平的重要途径。     

新书架

<正>现代天气业务(上、下)(现代气象业务丛书)矫梅燕主编《现代天气业务》是《现代气象业务丛书》中的一卷,重点阐述了灾害性天气监测和短时临近预报、中期天气和延伸期预报,以及台风、暴雨、强对流、大雪、大雾、沙尘暴、寒潮、冰冻、高温等灾害性天气和气象要素预报,对现代天气动力学理论和应用也作了     

濮阳市高速公路灾害性天气预报

分析了濮阳市高速公路上大雾、大雪、暴雨等灾害性天气的预报因子,灾害性天气对高速公路的影响,提出了相应的气象服务建议.     

陕西省2017年气象灾害特征及服务

2017年陕西省先后经历了霾、雨雪、冰雹、大风、寒潮、高温、暴雨等多种灾害性天气过程,尤以暴雨、冰雹、高温和干旱灾害影响最重。经综合评估,2017年陕西省气象灾害影响属于一般年份。对于每一次灾害性天气过程,陕西省气象台均提前发布预报预警,加强服务,大力提升服务效益,得到各级领导和部门的肯定。通过对2017年气象灾害分析体会到,灾害性天气的预报服务需要：提高突发灾害性天气监测预报能力;加强信息传播能力建设;加强政府主导、部门合作。     

通辽地区中小尺度系统分析及短时天气预报方法

通辽地区中小尺度系统分析及短时天气预报方法夏国华，夏量（哲盟气象处）前言雷暴、暴雨、冰雹、飑线强风等灾害性天气一直是气象工作者密切注视的目标之一。而对这些灾害性天气监测预报又以短时预报（指０—１２小时以内预报）最为迫切。随着哲盟地区国民经济的发展，专...     

长江中游暴雨监测预报系统的设计和结构

自７０年代起，利用高新技术，研制以监测预报中尺度灾害性天气为目标的业务化系统，已成为一个重要领域，在世界范围蓬勃兴起。８０年代内，武汉中心气象台从引进美国数字化天气雷达系统开始，直到国家七五攻关课题＜＜灾害性天气监测和短时预报系统＞＞长江中游片的完成，基本建成了一个现代化的长江中游暴雨监测预报业务系统。作者从系统工程学角度出发，介绍其设计思想，技术策略和系统结构。ＭＹＴＲＯＮＳ的成功标志我国气象业     

濮阳市高速公路灾害性天气预报

分析了濮阳市高速公路上大雾、大雪、暴雨等灾害性天气的预报因子，灾害性天气对高速公路的影响，提出了相应的气象服务建议。     

SWAN系统灾害性天气监测模块的二次开发与应用

应用C#语言编程,针对河南省本地业务需求,对灾害性天气短时临近预报业务系统(简称SWAN系统)灾害性天气监测模块进行了二次开发,实现了实时业务运行。添加了SWAN系统服务器端灾害性天气实时监测模块的监测功能,使系统服务器端定时处理雷暴和冰雹灾害性天气报文、及时准确地生成雷暴和冰雹灾害性天气监测产品,改进了客户端灾害性天气实时报警功能,使客户端界面能直接清晰地显示灾害性天气图标而非灾害性天气信息提示框,解决了实际业务中强对流天气多发时段内SWAN系统客户端显示界面灾害性天气监测产品与其他预警、预报产品之间辨别困难的不足。通过2014年7月一次河南省大范围强对流天气实例,对比分析了二次开发前后该系统在实际业务中的应用情况可知:对灾害性天气监测模块进行二次开发后的SWAN系统平台有助于预报员更及时、快捷地了解灾害性天气实况,在河南夏季强对流天气多发时段的灾害性天气监测和预警预报工作中具有更良好的应用效果。     

西北区域黑风天气预报和服务管理系统工程的研究

该文就黑风天气的理论研究、预报技术发展和生命线工程等进行探讨;对西北区黑风天气监测、预报警报、联报联防协作三大系统,用系统工程的观点进行分析研究;根据90年代气象业务管理现代化发展趋势,提出如何建立黑风天气防御决策与管理支持系统。该文还对建立西北区强对流灾害性天气监测、预报基地的必要性及重要意义进行阐述。     

基于Silverlight的气象信息查询系统设计与应用

为减轻基层气象台站服务人员在气象数据统计分析方面的工作量,提高天气监测和预报服务核心能力,研究开发了基于B/S结构,通过具有RIA(Rich Internet Applications,富网络应用)特性的Silverlight框架,采用WebGIS技术的昆明市气象信息查询系统。系统实现了对预报服务所需实时地面观测数据、精细化预报产品和多普勒雷达回波产品等进行统计查询以及地理信息可视化显示。应用实践表明,系统在天气实况监测、临近预报与灾害性天气预警业务中为气象服务人员提供了直观的气象信息网络平台,为预报服务提供了科学、高效的技术支持。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.