吸附金的重结晶实验

黄铁矿表面和方铅矿表面对金的硫氢络合方法的吸附特点不同，前者更易于将表面络合态金Ａｕ（Ｉ）还原成单质金Ａｕ（０），且吸附能力一些，经重结重晶实验以后，天然黄铁矿和合成黄铁有面的吸附金均发生了明显的迁移，归并作用，但二者归并的程度不同，方铅矿表面的吸附金则扫并效果不明显，结合矿物表面特征，利用矿物表面缺陷模型和表面扩散模型对上述结果进行了解释，并与矿石金的赋存状态进行了对比。     

黄铁矿表面及其与Au（HS）2^—溶液作用的STM研究

本文用ＳＴＭ研究了黄铁矿和方铅矿表面的原子结构、纳米级微形貌、电子态分布及其吸附态的特点。ＳＴＭ电流图象揭示了表面缺陷与表面电子态之间的对应关系，硫化和的表面的化学反应活性可能是表现缺陷引起的局域导电性增强有关。ＳＴＭ观察进一步表明黄铁矿和方铅矿对金的硫氢配合物的吸附作用优先发生于扭折位和台阶边缘等高能部位，反映出吸附态的分布也是与表面电子态分布相对应的。这样就从微观领域考证了硫化物表面对化学活性     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早，中，晚３期，是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物，其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者。黄铁矿的化学成分为；ＴＦｅ４３．３４％－４５．５２％，Ｓ４６．５８％－４８．８６％，，与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁，亏硫特点，黄铁矿为含丰富的微量元素，有Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｗ，Ｍｏ，Ｓｅ等。其中Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｉ含量较高，而Ａｓ，Ｓｂ低，Ｓ     

次显微金在毒砂,黄铁矿等矿物中富集的成因研究

本文详细探讨了次显微金在毒砂、黄铁矿等矿物中富集的成因机制，指出这些矿物生长时生长面附近出现的氧化还原电位局部降低和（或）（ＡｓＳ）３－，Ｓ２－等组分的局部负异常会导致金的络合物变得不稳定和易于分解，从而引起次显微金在这些矿物中富集。由此笔者解释了次显微金龙富集于小颗粒的毒砂、黄铁矿中及特别富集于这些矿物边缘的原因。同时笔者认为普遍呈小圆球形态出现于载金矿物中的金颗粒可能是金胶体沉聚下来形成的。文中还对黄铁矿含Ａｕ量与含Ａｓ量之间具正相关关系以及黄铁矿和黄铜矿的含Ａｕ量在不同矿床中互有高低的原因予以了解释     

矿物吸附金的实验研究及其在红土型金矿形成中的意义

Au(Ⅲ）－氯化物和Au(Ⅰ)－硫代硫酸盐被蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石、针铁矿、褐铁矿及黄铁矿的吸附实验研究结果表明，各种矿物对AuCl4^-的吸附作用显著大于Au(S2O3)2^3-，粘土矿物对金的吸附能力，蒙脱石＞高岭石＞伊利石；含铁矿物中，黄铁矿＞针铁矿＞褐铁矿。矿物对金的吸附作用与矿物结构和金的存在形式有关，即受矿物表面基、金组分的稳定性和位阻的影响；天然雨水中所含微量H2O2是Au、黄铁矿等不同矿物氧化－还原的催化剂，可加速地表岩（矿）石的风化氧化过程和Au的溶解与迁移。雨水对红土中的Au具有一定的淋滤浸取能力。红土型金矿形成于富Cl^-、SO4^2-的酸性、氧化的水化学环境，含金黄铁矿等硫化物的氧化不仅直接导致了Au的溶解和酸的释放，而且其反应产物Fe^3 、S2O3^2-等为Au的氧化、溶解和迁移提供了氧化剂和络合剂，并促进Au的溶解和迁移；Au主要以硫代硫酸络合物、氯化络合物及其水合物的形式进行迁移；硫代硫酸根的氧化和风化壳下部的还原作用是导致金络合物失稳、Au被其他矿物吸附和沉淀富集的主要因素。矿物对金的吸附在红土型金矿的形成过程中起了重要作用。     

广东陆丰硫铁矿床中伴生铜、金、银、碲、铋赋存状态研究

广东陆丰硫铁矿床为一个中低温热液交代充填型脉状矿床。伴生有综合利用价值的Ｃｕ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ等元素。其中Ａｕ主要呈微细粒自然金、次显微金包裹在黄铁矿中，Ａｇ主要呈自然银、螺状硫银矿等独立矿物充填在脉石矿物中。Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ呈碲铋矿、硫盐矿物嵌布在黄铁矿或充填在黄铁矿微裂隙中。多数硫盐矿物为矿区首次发现。通过矿石物质组分的研究，查清了上述元素的赋存状态，为硫铁矿床的综合评价，有益组分的合理回收提供了依据     

山东夏甸金矿及其外围矿区隐伏矿体定位预测

总结国内１０３个、国外３５个含硫盐矿物金矿床的特征,发现蚀变岩型金矿中出现硫盐矿物的概率较大,为０３４,且以Ｃｕ的硫盐矿物为主,其概率为０６３。含硫盐矿物金矿围岩蚀变类型多样,并以硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化为主。探讨了Ａｓ,Ｓｂ,Ｂｉ,Ｔｅ等的活动及硫盐矿物的形成与Ａｕ的释放、搬运、沉淀、富集的内在联系,并指出硫盐矿物的找矿预测意义。     

含金黄铁矿氧过程中金溶解机理的探讨——与王恩德,关广岳先生商榷

含金黄铁矿在细菌氧化，化学氧化过程中，除生成高铁的硫酸盐和硫酸外，还生成了亚铁的硫酸盐及硫的低价氧化物，体系的电位较低，距溶解自然金呈Ａｕ（ＳＯ４）２所需电位甚远，实验表明，金不溶于硫酸铁溶液中，当氧化程度加深，介质ｐＨ〉４黄铁矿氧化产生的硫代硫酸根可稳定存在时，自然金呈稳定的硫代硫酸盐配合物溶解。     

沉积主岩浸染型金矿床硫化铁中金和砷在沉积过程中的关系

对内华达州沉积岩浸染型金矿床中５个样品进行了二次离子元素显微分布图和Ａｕ、Ａｓ的定量测定，其结果表明了这些样品金的分布和特征，金赋存在不含金的黄铁矿生长边缘和细脉的含砷黄铁矿中，由于所有被分析的黄铁矿都含有一定量的砷因而成亚稳态，所以认为在浸染型金矿石中偶尔见到的少量自然金颗粒是含砷黄铁矿晶格中的金的离溶作用而形成的。有可靠的证据认为，含砷黄铁矿中的金最可能是以带电质点状态存在，并且金可能与黄铁矿     

朝鲜人民共和国Wolyu Au－Ag－Ge脉状矿床的形成环境

Ｗｏｌｙｕ矿床是Ｙｏｕｎｇｄｏｎｇ地区最大的脉状低温热液Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床之一，也是朝鲜第一个赋存于硫银锗矿物之中的富锗Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床。穿切晚石炭纪凝灰岩和石英斑岩（８１．５±１．８Ｍａ）的矿脉（７８．９±１．２Ｍａ）由分属三个矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐组成。第一矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐中含有黄铁矿、贱金属和金银矿。第Ｉ矿化阶段的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ矿脉的矿物组合随着时间演化发生系统的变化：①石英＋黄铁矿；②石英十黄铁矿＋银金矿十辉银矿＋闪锌矿；③碳酸盐十石英＋闪锌矿＋银金矿十辉银矿；④碳酸盐＋自然金＋辉银矿＋银硫矿＋硫银锗矿＋闪锌矿。温度和硫离子活度的计算值为：组合①３６０～２８０℃，１０￣（－７）～１０￣（－１０）；组合②２８０～２１０℃，１０￣（－１０）～１０￣（－１４）；组合③２１０～１８０℃，１０￣（－１４）～１０￣（－１６）；组合④１８８～１５５℃，１０￣（－１７）～１０￣（－１８）。上述数据、金与硫化物紧密共生以及蚀变带中黄铁矿的大量存在都说明了硫离子活度降低和冷却在金的沉淀中起了重要的作用。随着时间演化成矿流体中氢、氧同位素均显示出系统的变化。在主要的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ成矿过程中，随着石英向碳酸盐的转变δＤ     

The adsorption of gold(I) hydrosulphide complexes by iron sulphide surfaces

The adsorption of gold by pyrite, pyrrhotite, and mackinawite from solutions containing up to 40 mg/kg (8 μm) gold as hydrosulphidogold(I) complexes has been measured over the pH range from 2 to 10 at 25°C and at 0.10 m ionic strength (NaCl, NaClO₄). The pH of point of zero charge, pH_pzc, has been determined potentiometrically for all three iron sulphides and shown to be 2.4, 2.7, and 2.9 for pyrite, pyrrhotite, and mackinawite, respectively. In solutions containing hydrogen sulphide, the pH_pzc is reduced to values below 2. The surface charge for each sulphide is therefore negative over the pH range studied in the adsorption experiments. Adsorption was from 100% in acid solutions having pH < 5.5 (pyrite) and pH < 4 (mackinawite and pyrrhotite). At alkaline pH’s (e.g., pH = 9), the pyrite surface adsorbed 30% of the gold from solution, whereas the pyrrhotite and mackinawite surfaces did not adsorb.The main gold complex adsorbed is AuHS°, as may be deduced from the gold speciation in solution in combination with the surface charge. The adsorption of the negatively charged Au(HS)₂⁻ onto the negatively charged sulphide surfaces is not favoured. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data revealed different surface reactions for pyrite and mackinawite surfaces. While no change in redox state of adsorbent and adsorbate was observed on pyrite, a chemisorption reaction has been determined on mackinawite leading to the reduction of the gold(I) solution complex to gold(0) and to the formation of surface polysulphides. The data indicate that the adsorption of gold complexes onto iron sulphide surfaces such as that of pyrite is an important process in the “deposition” of gold from aqueous solutions over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.     

Role of Iron(III) and Aluminum Hydroxides in Concentration/reduction of Au(III) Complexes

Abstract: The adsorption of gold on iron(III) and aluminum hydroxides from solutions containing Au(III) complexes has been studied as a function of pH and chloride concentration at 30C. Iron(III) hydroxide was more effective in adsorbing gold from solution than aluminum hydroxide. However, both hydroxides controlled the behavior of Au(III) complex with very similar manner. The most effective gold adsorption occurred in aqueous solution with near neutral pH and low Cl concentration. In this solution condition, Au(III) complexes were mainly dissolved as AuCl₂(OH)₂^- and AuCl(OH)₃^-, and the surface charge for both hydroxides was positive. In addition, the adsorbed Au(III) complexes were spontaneously reduced to elemental gold in spite of the absence of a specific reducing agent.
The results of this study suggest that adsorption and spontaneous reduction of gold complexes on the surface of hydrous metal oxides with positive charge play an important role in gold precipitation in subsurface environment.     

Effect of contaminant carbonaceous matter on the sorption of gold by pyrite

The effect of carbon or graphite coating on the adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite was investigated with pure pyrite and a pyrite concentrate. In the carbon or graphite-contaminated pyrite systems carbon and graphite not only acted as gold sorbents, but also enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite. The carbon coating enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite to a larger extent, in comparison with the graphite coating. The carbon or graphite coating on pyrite reduced the negativity of the pyrite surfaces, and hence improved the physical adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite. In addition, the highly conductive coating of carbon or graphite on pyrite could enhance electron transfer in the electrochemical reactions occurring in the chemical adsorption of gold and gold reduction on pyrite. The preg-robbing by pyrite or the graphite-coated pyrite was reduced and further eliminated at higher cyanide concentrations. However, gold adsorption on the carbon-coated pyrite could not be prevented even at higher cyanide concentrations due to gold adsorption on the carbon coating. In comparison with pure pyrite, the pyrite concentrate had a higher capacity adsorbing gold, due to the presence of carbonaceous matter in the pyrite concentrate. Fine grinding intensified the smearing of carbon or graphite on the mineral particles, resulting in a larger extent of enhancement in the preg-robbing of the concentrate by the carbon or graphite coating.A diagnostic elution of the preg-robbing pyrite samples indicated that the reduction of gold at the pyrite surfaces was the dominant mechanism for gold adsorption on pyrite, followed by physical and chemical adsorption. Surface topological studies by SEM/EDX showed that gold adsorbed at defect sites on pyrite surfaces. For the pyrite with a 5% carbon coating, gold was observed to adsorb not only at the defect sites, but also at the smooth surfaces with carbon present. For the pyrite with a 5% graphite coating, carbon was also found at the pyrite surfaces, but gold was only detected at the defect sites. XPS studies revealed that part of the gold physically and chemically adsorbed on pyrite or pyrite coated with carbon or graphite. Some gold cyanide was reduced at the pyrite surfaces, with the sulphide ions of pyrite being oxidised to elemental sulphur.     

Effect of contaminant carbonaceous matter on the sorption of gold by pyrite

The effect of carbon or graphite coating on the adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite was investigated with pure pyrite and a pyrite concentrate. In the carbon or graphite contaminated pyrite systems carbon and graphite not only acted as gold sorbents, but also enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite. The carbon coating enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite to a larger extent, in comparison with the graphite coating. The carbon or graphite coating on pyrite reduced the negativity of the pyrite surfaces, and hence improved the physical adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite. In addition, the highly conductive coating of carbon or graphite on pyrite could enhance electron transfer in the electrochemical reactions occurring in the chemical adsorption of gold and gold reduction on pyrite. The preg-robbing by pyrite or the graphite-coated pyrite was reduced and further eliminated at higher cyanide concentrations. However, gold adsorption on the carbon-coated pyrite could not be prevented even at higher cyanide concentrations due to gold adsorption on the carbon coating. In comparison with pure pyrite, the pyrite concentrate had a higher capacity adsorbing gold, due to the presence of carbonaceous matter in the pyrite concentrate. Fine grinding intensified the smearing of carbon or graphite on the mineral particles, resulting in a larger extent of enhancement in the preg-robbing of the concentrate by the carbon or graphite coating.A diagnostic elution of the preg-robbing pyrite samples indicated that the reduction of gold at the pyrite surfaces was the dominant mechanism for gold adsorption on pyrite, followed by physical and chemical adsorption. Surface topological studies by SEM/EDX showed that gold adsorbed at defect sites on pyrite surfaces. For the pyrite with a 5% carbon coating, gold was observed to adsorb not only at the defect sites, but also at the smooth surfaces with carbon present. For the pyrite with a 5% graphite coating, carbon was also found at the pyrite surfaces, but gold was only detected at the defect sites. XPS studies revealed that part of the gold physically and chemically adsorbed on pyrite or pyrite coated with carbon or graphite. Some gold cyanide was reduced at the pyrite surfaces, with the sulphide ions of pyrite being oxidised to elemental sulphur.     

黄铁矿载金的原因和特征

对102个金矿床载金矿物的统计表明,黄铁矿是最普遍最重要的载金矿物。造成黄铁矿成为主要载金矿物的原因,有三个矿物学方面的因素,即结构因素、成核因素和电化学因素。结构因素表现在黄铁矿晶体结构中存在对硫 ［S2］2－,对硫 形成过程中对金离子具还原效应。成核因素表现在自然金成核常选择原子排布与之最接近的黄铁矿表面为衬底,以降低成核能。电化学因素表现在黄铁矿的热电性导致金离子在其表面发生电化学反应而沉淀结晶。对黄铁矿载金能力的分析表明,细粒、它形、裂隙发育程度高、As和Sb含量高以及P型的黄铁矿载金能力高,自形黄铁矿中的{210}、S面{100}及其聚形晶的载金能力高。     

山东莱州曲家金矿黄铁矿微量元素对成矿过程的指示

曲家金矿位于我国重要的蚀变岩型金矿矿集区之焦家金矿带的中段，矿床赋存标高为-726～-1 334 m。为研究黄铁矿的演化及其对金成矿过程的指示，运用LA-ICP-MS分析黄铁矿原位微量元素含量，结合岩相学观察和点群分析对黄铁矿进行了分类。发现黄铁矿中Co、Ni、As等微量元素主要以类质同像形式赋存，而Au、Ag、Cu、Zn、Pb、Bi等元素主要以纳米级、微米级矿物包裹体形式赋存。黄铁矿主要分为5种类型：富Co型Py1,富Ni型Py2,富Au、As型Py3,富Au、Ag、Pb、Bi型Py4及“干净”型Py5。黄铁矿微量元素特征指示成矿物质可能主要来源于前寒武纪变质基底岩石和中生代岩浆岩，少量来源于地幔，成矿热液可能属变质热液、岩浆热液和浅部大气降水的混合成因。不同类型黄铁矿反映成矿热液由富Co、Ni经富As、Au向富Pb、Bi、Au、Ag演化。Py1和Py2形成后受构造活动影响发生强烈破碎，裂隙表面对热液中金络合物增强的吸附作用促使金在裂隙中沉淀，对金的富集成矿可能起重要作用。Co、Ni含量较低，同时Au、Ag、As、Pb、Bi等元素含量较高的黄铁矿与成矿作用有密切关系。另外，黄铁矿中C...     

金矿床中环带状黄铁矿及其生长演化过程的研究

利用电子探针对黔南卡林型金矿床中环带状黄铁矿进行研究，把它划分成三种类型，并分别测定内外带中Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ和Ｔｌ等微量元素的含量，绘制了以步间距１μｍ，横穿环带的这五种元素的Ｘ射线强度变化曲线图，图中清楚显示出环带起因于微量元素含量的变化，这五种元素在微观尺度上呈正相关的振荡式变化，具有同源性。讨论黄铁矿经由胶体粒子的聚集、固结与结晶的生长演化过程，提供了低温热液可能是一种富含成矿质的多相     

中国微细浸染型金矿矿质迁移沉淀机制

本文在分析矿源和成矿物化条件基础上,化理论计算和研究,提出中国微细浸染型金矿中金是呈Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２＾－形式存在阀迁移的,矿质沉淀的主要机理为温度下降和因硫化物沉淀而引起的决硫（及还原硫）活度下降,其次为压力的下降和有机质的还原吸附作用。     

桂西北明山卡林型金矿床热液矿物的显微组构与化学成分特征及其对成矿作用的指示

桂西北明山金矿是滇黔桂地区代表性的卡林型金矿之一,矿体受平行于区域性断裂右江断裂的北西西向次级断层控制,赋存于二叠系灰岩之上的中三叠统钙质细砂岩、碳钙质泥质粉砂质岩中。地质、岩相学特征和阴极发光、背散射电子影像、电子探针等分析研究表明,明山金矿发育了3个成矿阶段的热液矿物组合,不同热液矿物普遍具有多世代的特点。热液矿物中见有波状消光、带状消光、毕姆纹、压溶劈理、位错滑移等韧性剪切带粒内应变特征,坑道中也见有黄铁矿石英脉发生韧性变形、又被后期石英脉切断的现象,说明矿床经历了多次的脆-韧性变形。不同矿化期（阶段）的黄铁矿中Au和As的含量表明:沉积期黄铁矿Au、As的含量较低;成岩期黄铁矿中Au的含量高但As含量不高;而成矿期3个阶段的热液黄铁矿中都含较高的As和Au;热液黄铁矿核部包裹的交代残余黄铁矿Au、As含量较高,但变化范围较大,可能是变质成因。紧邻矿体的围岩中成岩黄铁矿从中心向外Au和As的含量逐渐降低,说明其中的As和Au在后来的构造和（或）热液事件中发生了活化迁移,越靠近颗粒边缘元素的活化迁移越强,这表明成矿物质来自于围岩。根据这些事实,推断明山矿区可能在成岩期发生了金的预富集,变形变质早期富含有机质的变质流体活动又使As发生了富集,主变质期流体的广泛渗透交代、活化出先存含金富砷黄铁矿中的Au和As,形成成矿流体。当成矿流体遇到富含活性铁的炭钙质泥质粉砂岩时,形成黄铁矿的同时发生Au的沉淀。