流速“T”测量法——介绍LSY-89A电脑流速仪

流速测量是水工模型试验中最重要,也是最基本的测量参数之一。流速测量中使用的仪器有旋桨光电式流速仪、超声流速仪,电磁流速仪、激光流速仪等,由于旋桨光电式流速仪价廉而实用,因此水工试验中使用非常广泛。 旋桨光电流速仪一般常用单位时间里计脉冲数的方法,即用频率测量法,简称“F”     

循环水筒检定海流仪

一、引言大家知道,“直线明槽”(静水槽)至今仍是国内外检定内河流速仪及海流仪的传统设备。它是将拖曳设备高精度匀速运动的不同量值传递给流速仪或海流仪。实际上海流仪是用来测量流动海水的流速。为更符合实际测量环境,拟采用一个人为造就的均匀、稳定的流场(动水槽)来作为海流仪检定设备。     

多功能智能流速仪

介绍了最新研制成功的LGY-Ⅱ型智能流速仪和LGY-Ⅲ型多功能智能流速仪硬件和软件的设计,以及其功能和特点。     

直读式测流仪的常见故障排除方法

本文简单介绍了ZLS-1型直读式流速仪显示器和ZSX-1型直读式流速流向仪的基本工作原理,并根据多次水文测验中所遇到的常见故障,总结了排除它的方法。     

声相关海流剖面(ACCP)测量的流速估值方法

声相关海流剖面（ACCP）测量技术对水体回波信号进行空间相关处理来估计流速值，与声学多普勒海流剖面仪（ADCP）相比ACCP的工作频工，更适合深海测流应用，ACCP测量系统对回波信号进行时空相关处理，根据相关函数的位置来估计被测水团的流速值，ACCP从信号中提取流速值要运用参数估计技术，本文介绍了采用极大似然法和最小二乘法进行流速参数的处理方法，给出一些典型流速情形的数值计算结果。     

动水槽检定海流仪的探讨

本文介绍了一个小型循环水洞(简称动水槽)的结构,用激光流速仪测得的流场特性和厄克曼海流计对流场流速分布的影响,提出了用动水糟检定海流仪的几点意见。     

一种新型便携式旋桨流速仪

介绍了一种新型BH-1型便携式旋桨流速仪,主要由自主研制的流速传感器、手持式主机及微机数据回放处理软件三部分组成.其传感器采用独特的导流筒和导流罩结构设计,增加了系统的抗干扰能力,有效提高了测量准确性.应用单片机技术实现了数据的实时检测与处理,多路存储以及瞬时测量流量功能.通过静态试验标定,表明该流速仪测量范围(0.04～4)m/s,非线性误差为0.874%.该流速仪结构新颖、使用轻巧方便、稳定可靠,已广泛应用于国家海洋局对陆源入海排污口排污监测和海洋环境管理工作中.     

热线流速仪的理论和原理

热线流速仪因其检测元件小、热惯性小、频响快、灵敏度高、分辨率好、对流体干扰小,能测量动态随机变量,已成为流体流动机理定量研究的主要量测仪器之一,本文论述热线流速仪的理论、原理以及热线探针的构造等。     

New formula of local scour depth of the near-shore sand waves covcred areas: Sutong Bridge

利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3m和19.6m.建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8m和23.1m,平均波高为4.2m和9.4m,陡坡朝向下游.基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下“平床”假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式.且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5m和22.1m,非常接近实测值.     

长江口沙波分布区桥墩局部冲刷深度计算公式的改进

利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3 m和19.6 m。建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8 m和23.1 m,平均波高为4.2 m和9.4 m,陡坡朝向下游。基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下"平床"假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式。且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5 m和22.1 m,非常接近实测值。     

我国海洋测流仪器的发展与现状

本文介绍了建国以来海洋测流仪器发展的几个主要阶段,以翔实的背景资料,论述了我国海洋测流仪器的发展与现状,肯定了我国的海洋测流仪器发展中所取得的成绩,找出了差距,并提出了今后我国海洋测流仪器的发展方向     

ENDECO水流计在实际使用中不可忽视的几个问题及解决方法

ＥＮＤＥＣＯ水流计在实际应用中往往由于操作者一时疏忽而使仪器不能正常工作,乃至造成难以弥补的损失。本文提出了在实际操作中不容忽视的几个问题并介绍了解决的方法。     

声学海流计多普勒信号的采集与处理

本文对超声波多普勒信号的噪音作了初步分析,探讨了在背景噪音污染严重的情况下采集多普勒信号的方法,并经实践验证了多普勒信号的采集与处理方案。 .     

波浪与海流测量仪器测试装置

"波浪与海流测量仪器测试装置"依靠机械传动机构带动传感器作相对运动,模拟"波浪"和"海流"测量状态。测试装置为实现实验室内进行声学测波仪和声学矢量海流计的调机、考机、检测增添了有效可靠的技术手段。     

安德拉RCM—4S型海流计的一种使用技巧

对安德拉仪器公司生产的RCM - 4S型海流计在使用过程中出现的问题,给出了合理的解决办法.论述了2542型转子计数器的设计原理,对操作手册中某些未说明部分给出了使用说明.并讨论了流速测量的上限问题.     

Absolute Volume Transports of the Oyashio Referred to Moored Current Meter Data Crossing the OICE

During November 2000–June 2002, both direct current measurements from deployment of a line of five moorings and repeated CTD observations were conducted along the Oyashio Intensive observation line off Cape Erimo (OICE). All the moorings were installed above the inshore-side slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Before calculating the absolute volume transports, we compared vertical velocity differences of relative geostrophic velocities with those of the measured velocities. Since both the vertical velocity differences concerned with the middle three moorings were in good agreement, the flows above the continental slope are considered to be in thermal wind balance. We therefore used the current meter data of these three moorings, selected among all five moorings, to estimate the absolute volume transports of the Oyashio referred to the current meter data. As a result, we estimated that the southwestward absolute volume transports in 0–1000 db are 0.5–12.8 × 10⁶ m³/sec and the largest transport is obtained in winter, January 2001. The Oyashio absolute transports in January 2001, crossing the OICE between 42°N and 41°15′ N from the surface to near the bottom above the continental slope, is estimated to be at least 31 × 10⁶ m³/sec. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

机械式海流计的电子电路设计与研发

目前业内普遍使用的机械式海流计功耗大,连续工作时间短,姿态测量精度较低,体积较大,存储容量较小,维护复杂,在需要长时间进行海洋观测使用时十分不便。针对这一实际问题,为提高海流计的性能,设计以STM32f103ZE处理器为核心,运用现代锂离子电池技术,存储技术,传感器技术,无线充电技术,无线通信技术,对机械式海流计电子电路进行了重新设计。样机测试结果表明:该设计功耗低,流向精度高,维护简单且可长时间在水下稳定工作,完全满足各种海洋作业中海流测量需求,具有很大的实用价值。     

Internal characteristics and numerical analysis of plunging breaker on a slope

Many investigations about the direct measurements of velocities to clarify the internal mechanism of the breaker have been carried out as a result of recent progress in the measuring techniques.This research attempts to clarify the breaking wave transformation system on a slope by an experiment and numerical analysis. In an experiment, the velocities in the surf zone were measured directly using an electromagnetic current meter, and the space distribution characteristic of the vorticity ω = (∂u/∂y − ∂u/∂x) and the skewness γ = (∂u/∂y + ∂u/∂x) were examined. Also, occurrence situations of the vortices at the time of water mass inrush were measured by video tape recorder (VTR) image processing. However, because the breaker is a violent phenomenon that is entrained with plentiful bubbles, the extent to which we can clarify breaker transformation in experiments is limited. Numerical simulations are substituted for experiments as a method to clarify breaker transformation.In numerical analysis, finite amplitude wave analysis based on the potential theory (non-viscous fluid) is possible before wave breaking; however, the analysis must take into account the viscous fluid after breaking. So, we use the Reynolds equations to develop a numerical simulation system of the breaker transformation on a sloping bottom. The numerical energy dissipation model of the breaker was compared to the experimental results, and a modified Simplified Marker and Cell (SMAC) method is presented. The internal characteristics of the breaker transformation are described using application examples.