Modification of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots near the surface of a three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystal

This paper demonstrates experimentally and numerically that a significant modification of spontaneous emission rate can be achieved near the surface of a three-dimensional photonic crystal. In experiments, semiconductor core-shell quantum dots are intentionally confined in a thin polymer film on which a three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystal is fabricated. The spontaneous emission rate of quantum dots is characterised by conventional and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The modification of the spontaneous emission rate, which is reflected in the change of spectral shape and PL lifetime, is clearly observed. While an obvious increase in the PL lifetime is found at most wavelengths in the band gap, a significant reduction in the PL lifetime by one order of magnitude is observed at the short-wavelength band edge. Numerical simulation reveals a periodic modulation of spontaneous emission rate with decreasing modulation strength when an emitter is moved away from the surface of the photonic crystal. It is supported by the fact that the modification of spontaneous emission rate is not pronounced for quantum dots distributed in a thick polymer film where both enhancement and suppression are present simultaneously. This finding provides a simple and effective way for improving the performance of light emitting devices.     

Mechanism and enhancement of photoluminescence from silicon nanocrystals implanted in SiO2 matrix

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si nanocrystals (NCs) prepared by 130 keV Si ions implantation onto SiO₂ matrix were investigated as a function of annealing temperature and implanted ion dose. PL spectra consist of two PL peaks, originated from smaller Si NCs due to quantum confinement effect (QCE) and the interface states located at the surface of larger Si NCs. The evolution of number of dangling bonds (DBs) on Si NCs was also investigated. For hydrogen-passivated samples, a monotonic increase in PL peak intensity with the dose of implanted Si ions up to 3× 10¹⁷ ions /cm² is observed. The number of DBs on individual Si NC, the interaction between DBs at the surface of neighbouring Si NCs and their effects on the efficiency of PL are discussed.     

Electron tunneling effects on radiative recombination in modulation n-doped ZnSe/BeTe type-II quantum wells

We have studied the cyclotron-resonance absorption and photoluminescence properties of the modulation n-doped ZnSe/BeTe/ZnSe type-II quantum wells. It is shown that only the doped sample shows electron cyclotron-resonance absorption. Also, the undoped sample shows two distinctive peaks in the spatially indirect photoluminescence spectra, and the doped one shows only one peak. The results reveal that the high concentration electrons accumulated in ZnSe quantum well layers from n-doped layers can tunnel through BeTe barrier from one well layer to the other. The electron concentration difference between these two well layers originating from the tunneling results in a new additional electric field, and can cancel out a built-in electric field as observed in the undoped structures.     

单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似(GGA),对不同尺寸(N=2—11)的单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点(Z _{N -GNDs)的结构进行优化,得到与实验数据较好符合的晶格常数,进一步计算得到不同尺寸下体系的自旋多重度、磁矩、电子态密度以及自旋电子密度.结果表明:所有体系都呈现金属性,在尺寸较小的体系中量子尺寸效应对电子结构的影响比较明显;与单层石墨烯片一样,sp²杂化作用和非键态电子在量子点中仍起到非常重要的作用;费米能级上有自旋向上的电子分布,体系的自旋多重度}     

The exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses

This paper studies the exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses by low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. With increasing cap layer thickness, the PL peak energy shifts to lower energy and the coupling strength between the exciton and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon, described by Huang-Rhys factor, increases remarkably due to an enhancement of the internal electric field. With increasing excitation intensity, the zero-phonon peak shows a blueshift and the Huang-Rhys factor decreases. These results reveal that there is a large built-in electric field in the well layer and the exciton-LO-phonon coupling is strongly affected by the thickness of the cap layer.     

不同气氛下多孔硅中电子偶素湮没行为研究

使用正电子湮没谱学方法,在不同气氛下对电化学腐蚀法制备的多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没行为进行了系统的研究.正电子湮没寿命谱测试结果表明,样品中存在长达40 ns的电子偶素湮没成分,并且进入多孔硅膜层的正电子约有80%形成电子偶素,具有非常高的电子偶素产额;在氧气气氛下,由于气体导致o-Ps发生自旋转化猝灭是使多孔硅样品中电子偶素寿命缩短的主要原因.结合正电子寿命-动量关联谱测量结果,分析了不同气氛下多孔硅样品中电子偶素湮没寿命及动量变化关系,讨论了多孔硅中电子偶素的湮没机理以及气氛对孔径计算理论模型的影响.     

养殖中国对虾肌肉提取物的研究──不同提取方法对养殖中国对虾肌肉提取物中含氮化合物的影响

研究不同提取方法对中国对虾肌肉提取物中含氮化合物组成和含量的影响。以ＴＣＡ、ＰＣＡ、ＳＳＡ和ＡＬ法沉淀蛋白质后得到对虾肌肉提取物中总氮量分别为８３３、８７８、８４０和７０１ｍｇ·Ｎ／１００ｇ。前三种方法处理的提取物中游离氨基酸总量相近，而结合氨基酸含量相差甚大。ＴＣＡ法和ＡＬ法对肌肉提取物中大分子化合物沉淀效果较好。提取对虾肌肉中的核着酸以ＴＣＡ、ＳＳＡ法较好。氧化三甲胺和甜菜碱含量分别为８０～１００ｍｇ／１００９和３００～３２０ｍｇ／１００ｇ之间，ＴＣＡ、ＰＣＡ、ＳＳＡ三法比较接近，而ＡＬ法明显偏低。提取物中含氮化合物的分布为：游离和结合氨基酸氮占７１～７８％，核苷酸类氮占９～１１％，甜菜碱氮占３～５％，氧化三甲胺占１～２％。     

马里亚纳海沟“挑战者深渊”营养盐的垂直分布特征

2015年12月在马里亚纳海沟"挑战者深渊"进行了定点样品采集,对温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH等环境参数进行了分析,讨论了营养盐的垂直分布特征、各形态营养盐结构特征及影响因素。研究发现,溶解氧在表层具有最大值,在1000 m左右出现极小值,而在8700 m深度具有较高溶解氧值(5.79 mg·L^-1),这可能与富氧水团的存在有关。硝酸盐表层含量较低,在1000和5367 m处出现双峰值。在表层水体中,溶解有机氮、磷是溶解总氮、溶解总磷的主要存在形式,表层以深,溶解无机氮、磷逐渐占据主导地位。磷酸盐表层含量最低,在1000 m处达到最大值,之后随着深度的增加浓度逐渐降低;硅酸盐在表层含量较低,在约4000 m处有最大值161.65μmol·L^-1,在4000 m以深,硅酸盐仍维持较高浓度。结果表明马里亚纳海沟"挑战者深渊"的溶解氧、pH及营养盐的垂直分布特征与大洋环流、海沟形态以及生物活动密切相关。     

Organic geochemistry of two 40-m sediment cores from the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic)

Sediment samples from two 40-m cores drilled in two different sedimentological environments in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic), i.e. in the salt marsh of Sečovlje and in the inner part of the Bay of Koper, were taken for geochemical analysis of organic matter. The organic geochemical analysis comprised the analyses of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and the analyses of amino acid and hexosamine nitrogen and total carbohydrate contents in the samples. Parallel analyses of carbon and oxygen isotopic composition in calcite, and of the granulometric and mineralogical composition of the samples were performed.Depth variations of the distribution pattern of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, amino acids, hexosamines and carbohydrates in the cores indicate temporal variability of organic matter deposition and transformations in a changing fluvial-brackish-marine environment in the past. The results also provide information on paleoecological changes in the Gulf during Quaternary sedimentation processes. It appears that the marine environmental conditions in the past were not markedly different from those of the present day.     

二维GaAs 基光子晶体微腔的制作与光谱特性分析

研究了以InAs量子点为有源区的二维GaAs基光子晶体微腔的设计与制作,测试并分析了室温下微腔的光谱特性.观察到了波长约为1137 nm,谱线半高宽度约为1 nm的尖锐低阶谐振模式发光峰.我们比较了不同刻蚀条件下光子晶体微腔的发光谱线,结果表明空气孔洞截面的垂直度是影响光子晶体微腔发光特性的重要因素之一.通过调节干法刻蚀工艺,改变空气孔半径与晶格常数的比率,可以在较大范围内调节谐振模式发光峰位置,达到谐振模式与量子点发光峰调谐的目的.     

An oxygenating additive for improving the performance and emission characteristics of marine diesel engines

Diesel engines provide the major power sources for marine transportation and contribute to the prosperity of the worldwide economy. However, the emissions from diesel engines also seriously threaten the environment and are considered one of the major sources of air pollution. The pollutants emitted from marine vessels are confirmed to cause the ecological environmental problems such as the ozone layer destruction, enhancement of the greenhouse effect, and acid rain, etc. Marine diesel engine emissions such as particulate matter and black smoke carry carcinogen components that significantly impact the health of human beings. Investigations on reducing pollutants, in particular particulate matter and nitrogen oxides are critical to human health, welfare and continued prosperity. The addition of an oxygenating agent into fuel oil is one of the possible approaches for reducing this problem because of the obvious fuel oil constituent influences on engine emission characteristics. Ethylene glycol monoacetate was found to be a promising candidate primarily due to its low poison and oxygen-rich composition properties. In this experimental study ethylene glycol monoacetate was mixed with diesel fuel in various proportions to prepare oxygenated diesel fuel. A four-cylinder diesel engine was used to test the engine performance and emission characteristics. The influences of ethylene glycol monoacetate ration to diesel oil, inlet air temperature and humidity parameters on the engine’s speed and torque were considered. The experimental results show that an increase in the inlet air temperature caused an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide emission, and exhaust gas temperature, while decreasing the excess air, oxygen and nitrogen oxide emission concentrations. Increasing the inlet air humidity increased the carbon monoxide concentration while the decreased excess air, oxygen and nitrogen oxide emission concentrations. In addition, increasing ethylene glycol monoacetate ratio in the diesel fuel caused an increase in the BSFC while the excess air and oxygen emission concentrations decreased.     

钝顶螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白分子内不同基团间能量传递的研究

于１９９６年８－１２月,从钝顶螺旋藻中分离纯化Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白,并用荧光光谱法对Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白分子内不同基团间的能量传递进行研究,结果表明,Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白分子内芳香族氨基酸残基能将能量传至与脱辅基蛋白共价结合的色基,从而使色基产生相应的荧光,Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白分子２４０－２４５ｎｍ的荧光激发峰产生于二硫键,它也能将吸收的能量传至色基;同时还发现,溶液状态下的Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白分子内,色氨酸残基可能位于分子内部的疏水区     

Possibilities of the photoluminescence method for determining the oxygen concentration in the redox zone of the Black Sea in comparison with other methods

Different methods of measuring low oxygen concentrations were compared in July 2008 in the Black Sea: the conventional Winkler method, electrochemical sensors (membrane and membrane-free), and two modifications of photoluminescence sensors. The membrane-free sensor used in the Black Sea since 1999 and the domestic photoluminescence sensor showed the best results: agreement of data, possibility of fine oxygen distribution resolution, and absence of the oxygen and hydrogen sulfide coexistence layer. The latter has good technical characteristics: high oxygen sensitivity and complete inertness to hydrogen sulfide, possibility of calibration in a gaseous environment, and a relatively low time constant (5–6 s). An equation was suggested for dynamic correction of data in the testing mode, which eliminates hysteresis of data on probe descent and ascent to a significant degree. It was shown that the oxygen concentration above the hydrogen sulfide layer in the subreductive zone of the Black Sea did not exceed 0.02 μM.     

Effects of fixation and storage on flow cytometric analysis of marine bacteria

Flow cytometry (FCM) is now becoming a routine tool for the enumeration and optical characterization of bacteria in marine environments. We investigated the effects of sample fixation and storage upon flow cytometric determination of marine bacteria. Fixed and unfixed seawater samples were analyzed by FCM immediately aboard ship and/or later in the laboratory, and the appearances of the fluorescence signals and bacterial counts of these samples were compared. Fixation and storage led to the formation of multiple peaks in fluorescence histograms; this was also seen in 22 out of 36 samples frozen in liquid nitrogen. Fixation did not, but storage did induce a decrease of bacterial counts: a rapid decrease during the first 3 days followed by a slower decline. The decline of cell numbers in stored samples was expressed by a regression model. Our studies indicate that precaution is necessary when interpreting the data from fixed and/or stored marine bacterial samples analyzed by FCM. The possibility that the procedure of fixation and storage leads to the appearance of high DNA and low DNA bacterial groups should be considered.     

养殖期中国对虾抗菌肽的表达

利用半定量RT-PCR方法,根据中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)抗菌肽的cDNA序列,设计一对特异引物,首次对中国对虾养殖期(PL11期仔虾～稚虾)抗菌肽的表达进行了研究。结果在各时期样本所提取的总RNA中,均扩增出一条长度约为200bp的特异性条带,表明中国对虾养殖期不同阶段均有抗菌肽的表达,提示中国对虾抗菌肽基因为组成型表达,并可能是中国对虾抵抗微生物感染的一个重要分子基础。     

Relationship of annealing time and intrinsic defects of unintentionally doped 4H-SiC

With annealing temperature kept at 1573 K, the effects of annealing time on stability of the intrinsic defects in epitaxial unintentionally doped 4H-SiC prepared by low pressure chemical vapour deposition have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and low temperature photoluminescence. This paper reports the results shown that annealing time has an important effect on the intrinsic defects in unintentionally doped 4H-SiC when annealing temperature kept at 1573 K. When the annealing time is less than 30 min, the intensity of ESR and photoluminescence is increasing with annealing time prolonged, and reaches the maximum when annealing time is 30 min. Then the intensity of ESR and photoluminescence is rapidly decreased with the longer annealing time, and much less than that of as-grown 4H-SiC when annealing time is 60 min, which should be related with the interaction among the intrinsic defects during the annealing process.     

江蓠属藻胆体的研究 Ⅱ.藻胆体的荧光光谱特性

报道以青岛野生型龙须菜（ｗｔ）、黄色突变体（ｙｅ１００）、４株绿色突变体（ｇｒ１８０、ｇｒ１８４、ｇｒ１８６、ｇｒ１８８）、委内瑞拉野生型龙须菜（ｌｖ）、南非野生型龙须菜（ｓａ）及真江蓠（ｇａ）为材料,用蔗糖密度梯度离心法得到完整的藻胆体。用５４０ｎｍ激发,野生型的荧光发射峰位于５７８ｎｍ和６７０ｎｍ,相对荧光强度ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ的比值为１．５０。几种材料的ＰＥ和ＡＰＢ荧光发射峰没有明显区别（不超过２ｎｍ）,但两峰荧光强度比值显著差异。结果显示ｌｖ的ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ比值最低,只有１．２０,ｇｒ１８６的比值最高,为５．６７,野生型中ｓａ也比较高,为４．７９。用６７０ｎｍ激发,野生型龙须菜的荧光社发光谱有５个峰,分别为４９９ｎｍ、５４０ｎｍ、５６８ｎｍ、６１４ｎｍ、６５０ｎｍ,与其吸收光谱一一对应。野生型和突变体、不同产地龙须菜及真江蓠的荧光发射峰的波长都与其吸收光谱相对应。     

Hydrochemical characteristic of different modifications of Antarctic waters

The report considers the distribution of several hydrochemical components (dissolved oxygen, mineral phosphorus, dissolved silicon, and nitrate nitrogen) depending on the disposition of different structural water modifications constituting the unified Antarctic structural type. It is shown that the character of the silicon distribution in the waters of the South Polar zone is mainly determined by large-scale circulation features. The distribution of mineral phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen is characterized by a certain patchiness related to the photosynthesis intensity. An attempt was made to follow the supply and transformation of dissolved silicon, nitrates, and phosphates in the Antarctic.     

刺参不同养殖模式实验围隔内沉积物——水界面营养盐通量研究

研究刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖模式对池塘底质的影响,于2007年5～11月间从不同养殖模式实验围隔内采得底泥样并通过实验室培养的方法测定了底泥耗氧率(SOD)及沉积物-水界面的N、P等.结果表明,投饵对SOD影响不显著(P>0.05),说明本实验条件下投饵没有造成实验围隔底泥中的有机物积累;7月份的SOD与其它月份间存在显著差异(P<0.05);大部分模式中沉积物释放溶解性无机磷酸盐(DIP)且不同月份之间的通量存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同模式之间的变化较复杂;在硝酸盐(NO-3+NO-2)通量结果中,投饵模式下的平均通量为非投饵模式下通量值的2～3倍,夏季的交换通量为冬季交换通量的2倍;当养殖密度较大时,非投饵模式中沉积物吸收氨氮的通量大于投饵模式中的通量,其它密度下投饵模式中沉积物释放氨氮的通量大于非投饵模式中的通量,并且随着养殖密度的增加通量值降低.     

Entanglement of two atoms interacting with a dissipative coherent cavity field without rotating wave approximation

Considering two identical two-level atoms interacting with a single-model dissipative coherent cavity field without rotating wave approximation, we explore the entanglement dynamics of the two atoms prepared in different states using concurrence. Interestingly, our results show that the entanglement between the two atoms that initially disentangled will come up to a large constant rapidly, and then keeps steady in the following time or always has its maximum when prepared in some special Bell states. The model considered in this study is a good candidate for quantum information processing especially for quantum computation as steady high-degree atomic entanglement resource obtained in dissipative cavity.