由地面、卫星重力资料研究岩石层密度

地球内部物质密度的分布决定了地球表面及外空的重力场,不过在特定的条件下,也可以根据地面或外空的重力场推求地球内部异常密度的分布。本文在单层位理论的基础上,利用上述资料确定了我国大陆下面地球深部的异常密度,试用分离重力场长、短波长的方法,求出了地球外层—岩石层内异常密度的侧向分布,对此,还初步作了地球物理的解释,其结果与地震测深的较为一致。     

由地面、卫星重力资料研究岩石层密度

地球内部物质密度的分布决定了地球表面及外空的重力场,不过在特定的条件下,也可以根据地面或外空的重力场推求地球内部异常密度的分布。本文在单层位理论的基础上,利用上述资料确定了我国大陆下面地球深部的异常密度,试用分离重力场长、短波长的方法,求出了地球外层-岩石层内异常密度的侧向分布,对此,还初步作了地球物理的解释,其结果与地震测深的较为一致。     

用GRACE卫星跟踪数据反演地球重力场

利用141天GRACE卫星观测资料,包括K波段、星载加速度和卫星轨道数据,反演了80阶地球重力场模型IGGGRACE01S,该模型在半波长为500km的空间分辨率上,确定大地水准面的精度约为0012m,中长波(<80阶)精度优于重力卫星发射以前研制的重力场模型. 与EIGEN_GRACE02S、EIGEN_CHAMP03S和EGM96模型的位系数相比,该模型系数最接近于EIGEN_GRACE02S,与另两个模型差异较大. 比较几种模型确定的全球重力异常和大地水准面起伏,结果发现IGGGRACE01S与EIGEN_GRACE02S模型的计算结果比较接近,与EGM96模型结果差异较大,差别较大地区主要在南极等地区. 对于中国大陆,比较IGGGRACE01S模型（前72阶）计算的重力异常和NIMA重力异常数据（25°×25°网格）,两者之间的标准偏差为48mGal.     

欧亚地区均衡残差大地水准面和上地幔强度

首先计算了欧亚地区均衡残差大地水准面．基于地幔热对流的内负荷理论和最新全球层析成像结果,探讨了欧亚地区中波长均衡残差大地水准面的地球动力学意义．研究结果表明,中波长均衡残差大地水准面主要受上地幔粘滞度和岩石层强度的影响,进而得出欧亚地区一些古老地盾和构造稳定地区的上地幔与年轻山脉及构造活动地区的上地幔结构存在着差异．这个差异主要是占老地盾和构造稳定地区,如波罗的海地盾、中西伯利亚地台、东欧等区域,冷却的上地幔已穿透地幔较深,上地幔与岩石层之间耦合较好;而年轻山脉和构造活动区,如帕米尔、天山、贝加尔活动带、青藏高原、日本海周围地区,在上地幔可能存在着热物质即粘滞度很低的软流层,上地幔与岩石层耦合程度较差,甚至有可能解耦．从欧亚地区上地幔属性的差异,可以解释该地区的一些地球动力学问题．     

欧亚地区均衡残差大地水准面和上地幔强度

首先计算了欧亚地区均衡残差大地水准面．基于地幔热对流的内负荷理论和最新全球层析成像结果，探讨了欧亚地区中波长均衡残差大地水准面的地球动力学意义．研究结果表明，中波长均衡残差大地水准面主要受上地幔粘滞度和岩石层强度的影响，进而得出欧亚地区一些古老地盾和构造稳定地区的上地幔与年轻山脉及构造活动地区的上地幔结构存在着差异．这个差异主要是占老地盾和构造稳定地区，如波罗的海地盾、中西伯利亚地台、东欧等区域，冷却的上地幔已穿透地幔较深，上地幔与岩石层之间耦合较好;而年轻山脉和构造活动区，如帕米尔、天山、贝加尔活动带、青藏高原、日本海周围地区，在上地幔可能存在着热物质即粘滞度很低的软流层，上地幔与岩石层耦合程度较差，甚至有可能解耦．从欧亚地区上地幔属性的差异，可以解释该地区的一些地球动力学问题．     

罗斯海海域大地水准面异常的成因研究

本文利用数值法求解瞬时地幔对流问题以模拟大地水准面异常.利用两个较新的 S 波速度异常层析模型SEMUCB WM1 和TX2019slab,将其转换为密度异常作为控制方程的浮力驱动项;采取的黏度结构模型中,上下地幔的黏度比为1∶50.为了研究地幔不同结构对罗斯海海域大地水准面异常的影响,分别提取上、下地幔的密度异常正/...     

基于大倾角卫星轨道跟踪数据的月球重力场模型仿真解算

本文针对已有月球探测任务主要为极轨的特点,仿真分析了大倾角轨道卫星跟踪数据在月球重力场解算中的贡献.文中针对极轨道、77°倾角和极轨道结合77°倾角轨道三种情况各三个月的轨道跟踪数据进行了月球重力场模型仿真解算,通过重力场功率谱、基于解算模型位系数协方差矩阵的重力异常及月球大地水准面误差以及精密定轨等手段对解算模型进行了精度评价.结果表明结合大倾角的轨道可以较为明显地改进月球重力场模型的计算精度.     

基于重力水准复测的局部大地水准面变化与强震关系研究

大地水准面是静止海洋面(平均海水面)以及假设这个海洋面在大陆内部延伸形成的一个封闭曲面,它既是地球形状的反映,又是地球内部物质分布和运动的体现.大地水准面被认为是地球重力场的几何表象和重力等位面,也是地球上部圈层的一个物理介面.     

青藏高原—天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制

利用全球重力大地水准面异常、板块绝对运动及全球地震层析成像数据,计算了青藏高原—天山地区岩石层下部地幔大尺度对流格局以及此种尺度对流驱动下岩石层内应力场分布;同时,利用区域均衡重力异常数据反演青藏高原中、北部到天山地区上地幔小尺度对流模型．结果表明,大尺度的地幔物质运移过程可能驱动着中国大陆岩石层整体从西部以南北方向为主的运动转向东部地区以北东和南东方向的运动;而该区域上地幔小尺度上升流动支持了现代青藏高原和天山地区的抬升运动．提出和讨论了青藏高原隆升的“断离隆升—挤压隆升—对流隆升”三阶段模式,并探讨了大陆岩石层构造运动的地幔深部动力学背景．     

青藏高原-天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制

利用全球重力大地水准面异常、板块绝对运动及全球地震层析成像数据,计算了青藏高原-天山地区岩石层下部地幔大尺度对流格局以及此种尺度对流驱动下岩石层内应力场分布;同时,利用区域均衡重力异常数据反演青藏高原中、北部到天山地区上地幔小尺度对流模型．结果表明,大尺度的地幔物质运移过程可能驱动着中国大陆岩石层整体从西部以南北方向为主的运动转向东部地区以北东和南东方向的运动;而该区域上地幔小尺度上升流动支持了现代青藏高原和天山地区的抬升运动．提出和讨论了青藏高原隆升的“断离隆升-挤压隆升-对流隆升”三阶段模式,并探讨了大陆岩石层构造运动的地幔深部动力学背景．     

Dynamic features of the Tianshan orogen deduced from satellitic gravity data

IntroductionGeopotential model, expressed by a spherical harmonic function, gives the global distribution of disturbed gravimetric potential. It is widely applied in the research of many disciplines of science, such as geodetics, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography and space science. In geophysics, geopotential model shows the large-dimensional gravity variety, which is the reflection of anomalous density distribution in a large area or in the deep of the earth. Therefore, it is useful in th…     

新疆南天山地区重力场动态变化特征研究

利用南天山地区2010~2013年间的10期流动重力观测资料,以相邻两期流动重力值作为单元,计算出监测区重力场变化量,分析了该地区重力场时空变化特征,探讨了地震孕育和发生与重力场变化的关系。结果表明:区域重力场总的变化趋势具有以巴楚、麦盖提为界西边重力场增强,东边重力场减弱的特征,区域内重力变化极值区多出现在南天山与西昆仑交汇区,重力场变化梯度也较大,塔里木盆地重力场变化梯度较小,比较稳定。     

用地震面波研究上地幔各向异性

本文论述了上地幔各向异性的参数描述和主要证据,以及与地球动力学的关系。并就近几年来国外利用地震面波研究上地幔各向异性的重要成果和主要方法作了综合评述。     

吉林深源地震群地质构造背景与动力分析

吉林深震群位于中国东北大陆板缘古生代地槽褶皱系内,上叠有中新生代断陷裂谷盆地。区内广泛喷溢了βN_2—βQ_4玄武岩浆,深震震中大多位于火山口、火山锥玄武岩内附近。从岩浆幔漂包体、岩浆岩化、岩浆携带的上地幔岩石组合出现顺序的综合判断,上地幔可分出Ⅷ层序以及推断的深震源Ⅸ层序列,据平剖面分析深震与玄武岩浆共生活动。日本海沟—我国深震区中深源地震震源机制解表明P轴呈连续地插入我国东北上地幔深度590km层内并持续活动,深震发生的动力来自西太平洋岩石圈板块俯冲消减运动本身的挤压应力活动。     

青藏—蒙古高原东缘构造过渡带的布格重力场特征及地壳上地幔结构

本文从青藏—蒙古高原东缘构造过渡带的布格重力场特征、地壳厚度和上地幔密度分布状态入手,就该带具有较统一的地球动力学背景的地球物理标志,壳-幔系统动力学模式及重力均衡调整等问题进行了讨论     

根据重、磁资料探讨中国东部及其邻域断裂体系

对中国贺兰山－龙门山以东的中国陆、海及其邻域，在分析地球物理场特征的基础上进行断裂体系研究．基本以重、磁资料为基础，结合地质资料，重点讨论断裂构造，进而揭示出断裂体系主要分为板块边界断裂带、块体边界断裂带和块体内部断裂带．这些断裂反映出研究区＂东西成带、南北分块＂的特征。     

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

TRANSVERSE STRUCTURES FEATURES OF DIFFERENT DEPTHS DERIVED FROM BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALIES IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE

To research the faults distribution and deep structures in the southern segment of Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ) and its adjacent area, this paper collects the Bouguer gravity data and makes separation by the multi-scale wavelet analysis method to analyze the crustal transverse structure of different depths. Meanwhile Moho interface is inversed by Parker variable density model. Research indicates that the southern segment of TLFZ behaves as a NNE-directed large-scale regional field gravity gradient zone, which separates the west North China-Dabie orogen block and the east Yangtze block, cutting the whole crust and lithosphere mantle. There are quite differences of density structures and tectonic features between both sides of this gradient belt. The sedimentary and upper crustal density structure is complex. The two east branches of TLFZ behave as linear gravity anomalous belt throughout the region, whereas the two west branches of TLFZ continue to extend after truncating the EW-trending gravity anomaly body. The lower crustal density structure is relatively simple. TLFZ behaves as a broad and gentle low abnormal belt, which reflects the Cretaceous-Paleogene extension environment caused graben structure. The two west branches of TLFZ, running through Hefei city, extend southward along the west margin of Feidong depression and pinch out in Shucheng area due to the high density trap occlusions in the south of Shucheng. The Feizhong Fault, Liu'an-Hefei Fault, and Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault intersect the two west branch faults of TLFZ without extending to the east. Recent epicenters are mainly located in conversion zones between the high-density and the low-density anomaly, especially in TLFZ and the junction of the faults, where earthquakes frequently occurred in the upper and middle crust. As strong earthquakes rarely occur in the southern segment of TLFZ, considering its deep feature of abrupt change of the Moho and intersections with many EW-trending faults, the hazard of strong earthquake cannot be ignored.