新疆人口变动对生态环境的未来影响趋势与协调发展对策——以塔里木河流域为例

通过对一个典型干旱区内陆河流域——新疆塔里木河流域的人口与生态环境演变之间互动机制的分析, 用系统动力学方法建立了该流域的动态仿真模型。通过模型的多方案运行, 观察未来该流域各种人口变动条件下生态环境的可能演变后果, 从而提出有利于流域生态环境的合理人口变动条件与政策, 为有关部门提供决策参考。     

未来城市研究范式探讨 ——数据驱动亦或人本驱动

回顾传统城市研究范式,指出其“重宏观社会经济发展研究、而轻微观居民个体需求分析”这一问题,在此基础上,综述了城市研究领域的大数据热潮,进而抛出“数据亦或人本驱动?”的争论;从大数据自身的缺陷、智慧社会的到来及未来城市发展维度3个方面分析未来城市研究数据和人本之间的关系,提出应遵循“人本驱动、数据支撑”的研究范式,扩展了“人本驱动”的内涵。最后,从城市居民生活（生活圈打造、社会网络构建、满足生命周期需求）、企业生产（人才流动网络构建、产业链打造、营销模式转变）、政府管治（数据共享与融合、社会服务供应、公众参与机制创新）3个方面提出了未来城市研究的新框架。     

Environmental psychology and the geographies of ethical and sustainable consumption: aligning, triangulating, challenging?

Human geographers' research into lay responses to burgeoning environmental issues has highlighted their mediated and contingent constitution. Situated within the discipline's cultural turn, this work has challenged prevailing informational and cognitive approaches to sustainability. In doing so, however, potentially informative concepts and findings from environmental psychology have been sidelined. In this paper I attempt a modest allying of the two sub-disciplines, outlining their differences and similarities, and arguing that environmental psychology can triangulate with human geography, as well as challenge tendencies within human geography literatures to simplify the 'psychological' subject.     

粘土矿物对环境污染的防治作用

粘土矿物具有比表面积大、孔隙多以及极性强等特征,因而有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性,对水体中各种类型的污染物质有良好的吸附性能,并使土壤有一定的自净作用。粘土矿物的膨胀性及低导水率使它能作为有效的密封物质,在放射性废料的埋置过程中产生理想的封闭作用。另外由于粘土矿物成本低、再生容易,所以在环境污染的防治中有广阔的应用前景。     

情理整合视角下旅游者环境责任行为与 意愿悖离研究——基于Logistic-ISM模型

基于对岳麓山景区447位旅游者的实地调研,运用拓展的计划行为理论并结合Logistic回归模型,分析影响两者发生悖离的因素,并进一步利用ISM解释结构模型分析各因素之间的逻辑关系.从Logistic回归结果看,旅游者的行为态度、感知行为控制等相关理性认知越好,发生悖离的可能性越低;旅游者积极环境情感和消极环境情感对悖离...     

旅游环境容量研究进展

二战后,随着世界大众化旅游的逐步普及,现代旅游业得到了迅猛发展。与此同时,越来越多的旅游地在旅游高峰期变得拥挤起来,景区超载、旅游污染等现象日益加剧。因此,旅游环境容量研究也受到了学术界的关注和重视。文章对国内外旅游环境容量研究进展进行了综述和分析,并指出国内旅游环境容量研究要比国外起步迟,但由于我国旅游发展道路和西方发达国家不同,旅游环境容量问题更加突出,因此,加强我国旅游环境容量研究显得格外紧迫和必要。     

基于主观心理视角的游客环境行为意愿影响因素研究——以西溪国家湿地公园为例

以公众环境行为 “价值-信念-规范”理论（VBN）以及计划行为论（TPB）为基本借鉴理论,融合旅游活动特性,构建游客环境行为意愿影响因素模型,以西溪国家湿地公园为案例地,以结构方程方法进行数据分析验证理论模型。研究发现：游客环境行为意愿受到特定环境态度、感知行为控制以及旅游地意象3方面因素的直接影响,其中特定环境态度的影响最突出,感知行为控制次之,旅游地意象略弱;主观规范作为中介变量在受到环境价值观影响的同时作用于游客特定的环境态度与感知行为控制;旅游地意象要素直接影响特定环境态度与游客环境行为意愿。     

Effect of the Relationship between Environment and Attitude on Behavior: Migrant Workers' Leisure Behavior in Guangzhou

Leisure plays an important role in people's happiness; therefore, facilitating participation in leisure activities has become one of the pathways to improve urban residents' wellbeing and realize high-quality new urbanization. This study focuses on migrant workers' leisure behavior and quality of life. Based on the self-selection hypothesis and structural equation modeling analysis, this study explores the influence of both leisure environment and leisure attitude on leisure behavior. First, our analysis of the leisure environment revealed that leisure behaviors differed according to leisure environments. Residents of resource-rich communities had the longest leisure time, a medium leisure distance, and a positive leisure attitude. Communities with medium leisure resources had the shortest leisure time and closest leisure distance. Communities with scarce leisure resources had the longest leisure distance and the most negative leisure attitude. Second, by examing the match of leisure attitudes and leisure environments, we found that the average leisure time of matching groups was longer, and they generally spent their leisure time within 1 kilometer around the community. Furthermore, the leisure time of residents in communities with scarce leisure resources did not show significant differences. For the mismatching groups of leisure attitudes and environments, about 60% of the residents spent less than 2 hours on average per day, and the leisure distance did not show any significant difference. Third, the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that both attitude and environmental attributes can affect migrant workers' leisure behavior; they further interact with each other and jointly determine residents' leisure behavior. The temporal (leisure time) and spatial (leisure distance) dimensions of leisure behavior are influenced by different mechanisms. Leisure attitude has the most direct effect on leisure time, while the effects of leisure environment on leisure distance are complex. Socio-demographic attributes affect leisure environment, leisure attitude, and leisure behavior. Men and women do not differ in terms of leisure time, but women's leisure distance is greater than men's. Age has no significant effect on residents' leisure behavior, but younger persons enjoy more leisure. Monthly household income has a significantly negative effect on residents' leisure time and leisure distance, while it has a significantly positive effect on leisure environment. Persons with higher education pay more attention to their leisure life, and spend more time and travel to participate in more leisure activities. This study makes three contributions. First, in the context of leisure scenarios, it promotes the combination of self-selection effect and rational behavior theory, and fully considers the role played by attitude in the mechanism of environmental influence on behavior. Existing studies of transportation mostly follow functionalism in the pursuit of efficiency, and the scope and ability of residents' self-selection is limited. This study of leisure behavior empirically demonstrates the importance of leisure environment and leisure concepts cultivation. Second, the study of migrant workers' leisure provides inspiration for the construction of new urbanization. In China's rapid urbanization, migrant workers have made positive contributions to the development of cities at the sacrifice of their youth and health. The leisure self-selection effect can be used to improve residents' leisure participation and subjective well-being by enhancing the community's leisure environment. Third, the migrant worker group is diversifying. With the deepening of new urbanization, their daily lives are changing and they are making continual efforts to adapt to urban life, rather than remaining passive. © The Author(s) 2023.     

Constructing the News: The Role of Local Newspapers in Environmental Risk Communication*

Effective risk communication is central to good environmental risk management. While studies have shown that newspapers are the primary source of information to the public regarding environmental issues, little is known about how environmental news is used as a risk‐communication tool. This article explores the role of local information systems in risk communication, using newspaper content analysis as well as in‐depth interviews with journalists and community residents to develop a case study of an environmental assessment process for a nonhazardous industrial‐waste landfill. Results indicate that risk messages were chosen and shaped by journalists on the basis of their own exigencies. In addition, while newspapers were a major source of risk information, their impact was mitigated by resident distrust and access to other information sources, most notably their own personal information networks. These results have implications for environmental policy, as decision makers often use—either passively or actively—print media as a risk‐communication tool.     

Ecological Worldview as the Central Component of Environmental Concern: Clarifying the Role of the NEP

This study examines whether an ecological worldview—operationalized by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale--serves as the source of coherence of Environmental Concern (EC). Using data on four samples from the 1992 Gallup “Health of the Planet” Survey and the 2003 and 2010 Chinese General Social Surveys, we found that in all samples not only is the NEP the most powerful predictor of EC, but it also mediates the effects of socio-demographic variables on EC as hypothesized. The results confirm that the NEP is the source of coherence of EC, making it a meaningful construct.     

Looking for a White Male Effect in Generation Z: Race,Gender, and Political Effects on Environmental Concern and Ambivalence

The “White male effect” has been presented in past literature as a way to explain the tendency for White males to have lower environmental concern and risk perceptions than female and non-White individuals. Recently, research has proposed the “White male effect” may be a “conservative White male effect,” due to findings that political ideology impacts environmental concern. This study used a sample of young college-educated adults from Generation Z to test whether the conservative White male effect is present for environmental concern and ambivalence toward a proenvironmental worldview in this younger generation. Online surveys were distributed to undergraduate students at a large northeastern university in spring of 2016. A total of 1,940 surveys were returned. Results showed a lack of a unique White male, or conservative White male, effect above and beyond differences explained by gender, Whiteness, and political affiliation. The implications of this effect’s absence are discussed.     

城市居民购物消费行为研究进展与展望

城市居民购物消费行为是城市商业活动的主要内容,研究居民的购物行为特征及决策过程,能够为城市商业网点规划提供一定的依据。居民的购物消费行为是城市地理学与行为地理学研究的重要领域之一,有必要梳理其研究进展及发展趋向。本文从国外研究进展及国内研究重点两个方面回顾了居民购物消费行为的相关研究及最新进展,并对其进行述评与展望。认为国、内外购物消费行为研究都经历了由宏观供给层面到微观需求层面研究的转变;国外研究主要集中于基础理论、购物消费行为特征及影响因素、模型预测与模拟等方面,国内研究主要表现为宏观层面的商业空间研究、购物消费行为的时空特征、影响因素及行为决策机制研究等;通过对国内外购物消费行为的研究内容和现状进行比较与述评,从虚拟商圈、新型业态、居住就业空间新因素、低碳消费与跨界消费新模式、技术方法、研究内容等方面展望了有待进一步深入研究的领域。     

时空间行为研究动态及其实践应用前景

随着国内外时空间行为研究的数据采集、计算挖掘、三维可视化与时空模拟等理论与技术的不断革新,时空间行为研究日益呈现出研究数据多源化、研究方法科学化、研究对象个体化、研究主题应用化等趋势。海外的时空间行为研究在结构化理论、GIS 以及其他社会科学领域中得到广泛的理论应用,中国的时空间行为研究经历了时间地理学的引入与描述性统计、城市空间与时空间行为的互动机理研究、基于位置感知设备的数据采集与规划应用等3 个阶段,正在步入实践应用的重要时期。时空间行为研究在城市规划、社会管理、居民服务等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

渭河流域全新世环境演变对人类文化发展的影响

通过对渭河流域10000 多年来环境资源演变的高分辨率实验数据资料和考古文献资料的分析, 探讨了全 新世以来, 渭河流域人类文化的演进与环境演变之间的耦合关系。分析表明:在8 500～3 100 a B.P.全新世大暖期, 渭河流域水、土、生物资源条件优越, 人类逐步形成了原始定居旱作农业类型文化, 从而奠定了渭河流域农业文明 的基础; 其间4 000～3 000 a B.P., 渭河流域北部的农牧交错带, 由于气候的逐渐冷干化, 导致水、土、生物资源退化, 造成旱作农业土地利用方式由游牧业取而代之; 在3 100 a B.P, 由于季风格局的突变, 整个渭河流域进入了一个相 对干旱缺雨、成壤环境的恶化时期, 环境的恶化导致了水土资源的退化, 大大动摇了旱作农业和游牧业的经济基 础, 影响了先周和西周社会的发展。     

全球环境变化研究与人文地理学的参与问题

全球环境变化是当今世界关注的热点问题之一。随着全球环境变化研究的深入,人们更加深刻地认识到全球环境变化不单纯是自然环境系统本身的科学问题,而是包括国际政治、经济和社会人文诸多方面综合的、复杂的问题,所以全球环境变化研究引起了相关学科领域越来越深的参与,愈来愈呈现出自然与人文要素综合集成研究的趋向。过去的科学实践已证明地理学是全球环境变化研究的重要力量。地理学参与全球环境变化研究,不完全归因于它在探讨人类-环境相互作用中具有综合研究的学科特性,部分原因是学科自身发展的需要。本文强调我国人文地理学要积极参与全球环境变化的相关研究,初步讨论了人文地理学要关注的相关理论和实践问题、人文地理学参与的途径及能力建设问题。     

陕西省韩城煤矿区居民环境污染调适行为

陕西省韩城矿区煤炭资源丰富, 但环境污染非常严重, 当地居民对此深感焦虑。本研究的目的是了解不同属性的居民对环境污染的调适行为差异以及影响因素, 供政府部门参考。通过454 份有效问卷的统计, 利用卡方检验、秩和检验和探索性路径分析方法, 得到以下结论:①大多数居民都很少或没有采取有关措施来要求改善环境。其中“给有关部门打电话”是居民最常用的要求改善环境的措施。②性别分组对大气污染、水污染和噪音污染的调适行为没有显著影响。年龄对居民的水污染、噪音污染调适行为有显著影响。文化程度对大气污染调适行为有显著影响。居住时间对调适行为没有显著影响。③“为了经济或就业愿意忍受污染的程度”对“考虑搬家”和“上诉”的调适行为有负向显著影响。“对环境污染的总体评价”的感知对“上诉”、“在家中规避”和“向同事抱怨”的调适行为有显著正向影响。对居民“组织维权行动”有显著影响的是采取“上诉”和“向同事抱怨”的两种调适行为, 以及“对环境污染的总体评价”的感知。“对政府环保工作的满意度”感知则对“组织维权行动”具有显著的负向影响。     

浙江省经济增长与环境质量演进关系的实证研究

基于浙江省1981-2006年的环境与经济数据,运用三次环境库兹涅茨模型对工业"三废"排放量与经济发展的关系进行模拟,研究发现浙江省工业"三废"排放与经济发展之间的关系不完全符合典型的"倒U"型的库兹涅茨特征,而是呈N型波动或同步关系。其中,工业废水排放量的EKC呈"U+倒U"型曲线组合得到的"倒N"型,工业固体废弃物产生量的EKC呈"倒U+U"型曲线组合得到的N型,工业废气排放量的EKC与经济发展关系呈同步关系,目前这些曲线尚未达到转折点,仍处于上升期,表明浙江省目前还未进入工业化后期,仍处于由中期向后期转变的过程中,并据此提出了浙江省实现经济发展与环境保护双赢目标的政策建议。     

山岳型旅游区人文建筑环境后效与调控模型

许多山岳型旅游区内或其流域上游，都建有人文建筑，而且在急剧增多，导致自然环境日趋恶化，其中乱建疗养院和旅馆的影响最为严重。通过地监测并全面分析张家界环境演变趋势，发现住宿施对环境的影响，比其他游乐设施更为明显。张家界国家森林公园生态环境的脆弱因子是金鞭溪水质。金鞭溪水质恶化主要表现为蓝藻，绿藻迅速繁殖，感官质量下降。主要原因是磷污染较重，总磷年均值100%超标。本文提出了基于环境脆弱因子的动态阈值调控模型，通过计算得出：在不超出张家界景区最为脆弱的环境因子-金鞭溪水质标准：总磷≤0.02前提下，金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值的动态系列：春季临界床位数为1186，夏季为3057，冬季为545，秋季为333。目前的建筑规模已超过了金鞭溪上游接待区住宿设施生态阈值。     

中国经济增长与环境压力的关系研究

经济增长与环境压力的关系是生态经济学的研究热点内容之一。文章首先阐述了Herman Daly关于环境压力的环境宏观经济学解释,在Daly提出的减物质化概念中,引入人口因素重新定义了减物质化概念。实证研究采用物质投入总量表征环境压力,人均收入表征经济增长,利用重新界定的减物质化概念,分析了1990～2002年中国经济增长与环境压力的关系。最后采用收入弹性分析了环境压力影响因素间的相互作用。结果表明：中国1990-2002年呈现出持续的弱减物质化现象,仅1997-1999表现为强减物质化,经济增长与环境压力间呈一种“N”形关系;中国经济平均增长1％,经济生产物质投入增加0．26％,物质强度减少0．74％,环境压力增大1．89％。     

Political Alienation,Rurality and the Symbolic Role of Swedish Wolf Policy

Attitudes towards wolf policy are likely to be driven by perceived differences in political power between urban and rural groups. Using Swedish survey data collected in 2014 and structural equation modeling, I evaluated the effects of political alienation. Political alienation mediated the effect of having an urban or rural place of residence on attitudes towards wolf policy. Politically alienated individuals also preferred more extreme policy options than other respondents, while being less likely to approve of the current wolf policy in Sweden. These findings suggest that political alienation drives attitude polarization in wolf related social conflicts. Awareness of these underlying power asymmetries could possibly increase both policy legitimacy and management efficiency. This highlights the importance of accounting for social context in relation to policy-making and conservation efforts related to wolves.