论山西省遥感控矿要素与成矿关系

以区域地质和成矿理论为基础,通过对ETM＋遥感影像进行控矿构造要素、控矿环形要素、色调异常、找矿标志、蚀变矿化异常等遥感要素的解译和研究,总结遥感地质找矿规律,为山西省矿产资源潜力评价和找矿预测提供重要线索和依据。     

中亚吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦遥感找矿预测

基于ETM,ASTER卫星遥感数据在中亚吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦及我国周边地区开展的1︰100万遥感地质矿产解译,是在前人研究成果基础上,对该区进行大地构造格架遥感解析,提取区内主要断裂构造和与成(控)矿作用相关的地层、构造、岩浆岩、蚀变信息,并根据控矿地层、控矿岩体、蚀变异常与线环构造等信息建立典型矿床遥感找矿模型;以找矿模型为指导,结合矿床类型、成矿地质背景、主要控矿和成矿要素、遥感地质解译信息、遥感异常信息等多源信息对研究区进行成矿预测及战略选区。     

京津冀地区线环构造遥感地质解译与控矿规律分析

线性构造和环形构造与矿产的生成有着密切的内在联系. 在京津冀地区地质背景与矿产资料搜集的基础上,获取京津冀地区Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像,继而对遥感影像上的线性和环形构造进行遥感地质解译;并借助于ArcGIS平台对研究区内的线性构造和环形构造及其交汇部位进行缓冲区分析,根据线性、环形构造的影像特征及其与矿点的产出关系,总结出线-环形构造的控矿规律及控矿模式,为以后遥感找矿、圈定成矿远景区提供依据.     

遥感技术在东昆仑新生代地质填图中的应用

利用不同地质体在同一波段或相同地质体在不同波段具有不同色调的变化规律,对东昆仑东温泉盆地的ETM图像进行了详细地质解译,建立了新生代地层和新构造的解译标志。解译结果表明,在遥感图像上可以准确勾绘新生代地层的界线和确定新生代断裂位置。通过野外地质验证将新生代地层划分为10个填图单位,新生代断裂主要有近东西向的左旋走滑断裂和近北西西向的逆冲推覆构造。遥感地质解译和野外验证结果对比表明,多光谱遥感影像在新生代地质填图中可以发挥重要作用。      

南美洲沉积型铜矿遥感地质解译及成矿带划分

针对南美洲沉积型铜矿类型和成矿带划分,基于Google Earth遥感影像,对典型矿床进行遥感地质解译,建立了不同沉积铜矿类型的遥感地质解译标志。基于Landsat--ETM遥感影像,依据沉积型铜矿分布、控矿地质条件和遥感影像特征,将南美洲沉积型铜矿划分为滨太平洋一级成矿带和北部二叠纪、中部古近纪和南部白垩纪等3个次一级成矿带。     

澳大利亚芒特艾萨地区遥感地质特征与找矿模型——以沉积变质型铜多金属矿为例

利用遥感技术对澳大利亚芒特艾萨地区铜多金属矿的遥感地质特征进行研究。根据ETM遥感影像数据,对芒特艾萨地区的遥感地质矿产解译,总结和分析该区区域地层、构造和岩浆岩的影像特征。在解剖芒特艾萨铜矿等3处典型铜多金属矿床的基础上,分析各控矿要素的遥感影像特征,初步建立了该类型铜多金属矿的遥感地质找矿模型。根据找矿模型圈定1处遥感地质特征相符的找矿远景区。通过遥感影像数据研究,划分和进一步缩少找矿靶区,对减少境外矿产投资的盲目性具有一定的指导意义。     

澳大利亚芒特艾萨地区遥感地质特征与找矿模型——以沉积变质型铜多金属矿为例

利用遥感技术对澳大利亚芒特艾萨地区铜多金属矿的遥感地质特征进行研究。根据ETM遥感影像数据,对芒特艾萨地区的遥感地质矿产解译,总结和分析该区区域地层、构造和岩浆岩的影像特征。在解剖芒特艾萨铜矿等3处典型铜多金属矿床的基础上,分析各控矿要素的遥感影像特征,初步建立了该类型铜多金属矿的遥感地质找矿模型。根据找矿模型圈定1处遥感地质特征相符的找矿远景区。通过遥感影像数据研究,划分和进一步缩少找矿靶区,对减少境外矿产投资的盲目性具有一定的指导意义。     

河北省内遥感线环形构造及化探异常信息的控矿特征

在河北省遥感地质解译和化探信息的基础上,对区内线、环形构造分布特征进行综合分析,提出了线环构造带、环形构造体系等概念,化探信息的提取主要是运用迭代法、主因子分析等方法来确定地球化学背景值和快速提取化探异常信息。通过对遥感和化探异常信息与成矿的相关分析,圈定找矿靶区,并对其控矿特征进行总结,指出了寻找大矿、特大矿的有利地段。     

环形构造与地球化学异常相关性分析及其找矿意义

通过MapGIS平台对地球化学测量单元素异常与遥感解译环形构造进行相关性分析,观察两者空间位置的相互关系,划分两者套合类型.依据遥感解译形成的测区构造格架特征,认识单元素异常、组合元素异常在构造格架中的分布特征和与环形构造的空间配置特点,建立两者套合关系,判断两者的地质作用意义.利用这种套合关系开展有针对性的矿产地质调查工作,提高化探异常验证和找矿工作的成效.     

遥感技术在长春市区环境地质与城市稳定性评价中的应用

本文运用遥感图象对长春市区的地质构造进行了研究。依据线性影象、色调差异及地貌等特征,解译出长春市区的断裂构造及活动性断裂,对长春市规划建设中的地质问题、环境、稳定性等作了阐述,为长春市的开发建设提供了主要的地质背景资料。     

Using Remote Sensing Data to Delineate the Lineaments for Hydrothermal Mineral Prediction in Heqing Area, Northwest Yunnan Province, China

Lineament extraction and analysis is one of the routine work in mapping medium and large areas using remote sensing data, most of which are satellite images. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper （ETM） of 945×1 232 pixels subscene acquired on 21 March 2000 covering the northwestern part of Yunnan Province has been digitally processed using ER Mapper software. This article aims to produce lineament density map that predicts favorable zones for hydrothermal mineral occurrences and quantify spatial associations between the known hydrothermal mineral deposits. In the process of lineament extraction a number of image processing techniques were applied. The extracted lineaments were imported into MapGIS software and a suitable grid of 100 m×100 m was chosen. The Kriging method was used to create the lineament density map of the area. The results show that remote sensing data could be useful to extract the lineaments in the area. These lineaments are closely correlated with the faults obtained through other geological investigation methods. On comparing with field data the lineament-density map identifies two important high prospective zones, where large-scale deposits are already existing. In addition the map highlights unrecognized target areas that require follow up investigation.     

隐伏地质异常地表间接显示模拟的遥感地质统计分析

根据隐伏地质异常表面产是接显示模拟实验的结果,经遥感地质定量分析表明,隐伏地质异常在地表的间接显示信息是以线性体复杂模式在被动遥感图像上得以显示的。     

Determining the role of lineaments in underground hydrodynamics using Landsat 7 ETM+ data,case of the Chott El Gharbi Basin (western Algeria)

This paper attempts an overview of the application of remote sensing to groundwater studies. Its objective is to define the role of the geological features in the underground hydrodynamic in the aquifer system of the Chott El Gharbi Basin (Algerian western high plains) and identify a link between the fracturing and the meteoric water supply of this deep aquifer. The methodology followed consists to study the fracturing map of studied area which is obtained after Landsat 7 ETM+ processing images. It is based on structural lineaments mapping. The obtained map has been validated by geophysical results and geological map. Statistical analysis of the lineaments network shows the presence of about 537 lineaments divided into four families oriented according to the following directions NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S, and E-W. The lineament analysis of the studied basin provides important information on subsurface fractures that may control the circulation and storage of groundwater. These fractures have an undeniable hydrogeological interest because of their size, a priori favorable for the aquifers recharge in the region. The probable link between the Chott El Gharbi implementation and the presence of mega fractures which some of them correspond actually to Wadis is confirmed. The correlation between the productivity of high debit drillings and the closest lineament confirms that these lineaments are surface traces of regional discontinuities and act as main groundwater flow paths.     

陆域遥感军事地质图基本要素及其表达方法

为探索遥感军事地质图编制的理论基础和编图方法,从陆域军事活动对遥感地质信息的需求分析入手,分析军事活动类型与地质要素间关系,总结出支撑陆域遥感军事地质图的遥感地质信息,提出构成该地质图的基本要素; 根据图件要求和军事价值,分析了它们的表达方式,给出图件表达形式。研究结果表明: 陆域遥感军事地质图包括“军事工程背景”、“军事资源”、“军事通行与定位信息”、“军事目标”等4 类基本军事要素信息,它们以基础地质信息、矿产资源信息、土地覆被信息等7 大信息为基础; 可以通过专业信息转化、挖掘、标注等3 类方法获取该地质图所需的基本信息,从而实现遥感地质专业信息的简单化、通俗化和实用化军事应用。     

Structural Mapping of the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone Using PALSAR Remote Sensing Data,Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Sediment‐hosted/Orogenic Gold Mineral Systems Exploration

The Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) of Peninsular Malaysia is one of the major structural zones in Sundaland, Southeast Asia. It forms the boundary between the Gondwana‐derived Sibumasu terrane in the west and Sukhothai Arc in the east. The BRSZ is genetically related to the sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits associated with the major lineaments in the Central Gold Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, the Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite remote sensing data were used to map major geological structures in Peninsular Malaysia and provide detailed characterization of lineaments and curvilinear structures in the BRSZ, as well as their implication for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold exploration in tropical environments. Major structural lineaments such as the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) and Lebir Fault Zone, ductile deformation related to crustal shortening, brittle disjunctive structures (faults and fractures) and collisional mountain range (Main Range granites) were detected and mapped at regional scale using PALSAR ScanSAR data. The major geological structure directions of the BRSZ were N–S, NNE–SSW, NE–SW and NW–SE, which derived from directional filtering analysis to PALSAR fine and polarimetric data. The pervasive array of N–S faults in the Central Gold Belt and surrounding terrain is mainly linked to the N–S trending of the Suture Zone. N–S striking lineaments are often cut by younger NE–SW and NW–SE‐trending lineaments. Gold mineralized trend lineaments are associated with the intersection of N–S, NE–SW, NNW–SSE and ESE–WNW faults and curvilinear features in shearing and alteration zones. Compressional tectonic structures such as the NW–SE trending thrust, ENE–WSW oriented faults in mylonite and phyllite, recumbent folds and asymmetric anticlines in argillite are high potential zones for gold prospecting in the Central Gold Belt. Three generations of folding events in Peninsular Malaysia have been recognized from remote sensing structural interpretation. Consequently, PALSAR satellite remote sensing data is a useful tool for mapping major geological structural features and detailed structural analysis of fault systems and deformation areas with high potential for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits and polymetallic vein‐type mineralization along margins of Precambrian blocks, especially for inaccessible regions in tropical environments.     

基于地质勘查遥感系统的矿产资源地质信息产品生成流程研究

在地质勘查遥感系统的地质矿产应用基础上, 研究了高光谱矿产资源探测的技术流程, 包括构造信息产品、岩性信息产品、矿物信息产品和远景成矿预测产品的生成流程。同时选取新疆东天山土墩地区作为研究区, 对本研究的各产品生成流程和填图结果与前人研究成果进行了对比, 结果表明, 本研究的技术流程可行, 信息提取方法精度较高, 可作为今后矿产资源调查的主要技术方法使用。      

月球线性构造分类体系研究

月球线性构造是月球科学研究中的重要组成部分,建立月球线性构造分类体系是月球地质图编研的关键。前人对月球线性构造的分类研究主要基于月表的形貌特征,划分的线性构造类型参差不齐,尚未形成一个公认的、规范的、具有普适性的线性构造分类体系,以至于分类结果的可对比性差、参考性和易操作性较低,不利于月球线性构造纲要图的编制。并且月球线性构造的概念混乱、术语不统一,存在"同物异名、同词异义、异词同义、涵义不明"的现象,不利于全球性的统一制图和成果的展示及使用。鉴于此,本文采用多指标组合的分类方法,以成因机制和形貌特征作为主要指标,兼顾物质组成,再结合线性构造形成的动力学机制,建立了符合月球动力学演化背景的、统一规范的线性构造类型划分的新方案,避免了单以形貌特征为依据来分类出现的混乱状态,具有较好的科学性和可操作性。将月球的线性构造类型划分为:内动力地质作用形成的线性构造,包括皱脊、月溪、地堑、断裂;外动力地质作用形成的线性构造,包括坑缘断裂和坑底断裂,以及多成因机制、多动力来源作用形成的特殊类型如坑链等。在此基础上,并利用多源遥感数据建立了易于判别且具有代表性的线性构造识别标志,可为全月球线性构造的统一制图提供识别依据。     

Groundwater potential zonation for basaltic watersheds using satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques

This paper summarizes the findings of groundwater potential zonation mapping at the Bharangi River basin, Thane district, Maharastra, India, using Satty’s Analytical Hierarchal Process model with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. To meet the objectives, remotely sensed data were used in extracting lineaments, faults and drainage pattern which influence the groundwater sources to the aquifer. The digitally processed satellite images were subsequently combined in a GIS with ancillary data such as topographical (slope, drainage), geological (litho types and lineaments), hydrogeomorphology and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing tools. In this study, six thematic layers were used for groundwater potential analysis. Each thematic layer’s weight was determined, and groundwater potential indices were calculated using groundwater conditions. The present study has demonstrated the capabilities of remote sensing and GIS techniques in the demarcation of different groundwater potential zones for hard rock basaltic basin.     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地区遥感找矿异常提取方法研究

以ETM图像数据为信息源，在西昆仑塔什库尔干地区进行了遥感找矿异常提取的方法研究，根据矿化蚀变的遥感影像特征，进行了基于光谱特征和纹理特征的矿化蚀变信息提取和分类方法的试验，选定了区内的最佳遥感异常圈定方法。针对区内与铜矿有关的主要蚀变类型分类进行了提取，分别赋色后叠加形成了遥感矿化蚀变异常图，并结合区域成矿地质特征进行了成矿远景区的划分，总结了遥感找矿异常提取的工作程序。     

基于遥感卫星和北斗卫星的野外地质调查服务与管理系统设计综述

综合应用国产遥感卫星和北斗导航定位卫星技术,研发符合野外工作需求和特点的地质调查服务与管理系统。该系统通过野外调查手持终端实现了对野外地质调查人员的定位跟踪和实时通讯,保障野外人员的生命安全;通过野外工作态势分析、作业路线管理和空间信息展示平台实现了对野外地质调查工作的一张图管理、指挥调度和应急救援。系统针对野外地质调查工作的管理特点,基于网格模式设计,建立了作业管理中心节点、遥感数据服务中心节点、专业应用中心节点、大区中心节点、野外工作站节点及移动节点等6大类节点,除作业管理中心节点及遥感数据服务中心节点唯一外,其余均为多节点设计,并建立了各类节点的建设标准,利于后续推广应用。该系统在提高地质调查业务工作效率、加强野外地质工作安全保障及提高地质工作信息化管理水平方面具有良好的应用前景。