罕遇地震下高层RC框架结构双地震动强度参数易损性分析

为研究高层RC框架结构罕遇地震下的易损性,设计了一个7度区典型11层RC框架结构。采用IDA方法进行时程分析,以地震动峰值地面加速度和结构第一自振周期对应的谱加速度为地震动强度指标,最大层间位移角为结构损伤指标,分别得到了单一地震动强度和双地震动强度参数下的IDA曲线和失效概率,绘制了双地震动强度参数下易损性曲面,并对单一地震动强度和双地震动强度参数下的易损性分析结果进行了对比。结果表明:罕遇地震下,采用双地震动强度参数结构失效概率明显低于采用单一地震动强度参数结构失效概率;对高层RC框架结构,采用双地震动强度参数进行易损性分析反映的地震动信息更全面;采用双地震动强度参数得到的结构失效概率公式更能真实量化不同强度地震作用下结构的失效概率。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构在小震作用下失效相关性的拟动力模型试验研究

通过两榀二层三跨规范钢筋混凝土对称、非对称框架结构模型的拟动力试验,对试件在小震作用截面约束的失效相关性进行了分析,并与文献中的Monte-Carlo随机模拟结果进行了比较,进一步验证了规范钢筋混凝土框架结构在小震作用下失效独立的相关性结论。     

罕遇地震弹塑性静、动力分析方法中结构阻尼问题探讨

本文针对罕遇地震弹塑性静、动力分析方法中结构的阻尼问题进行了一些算例和理论方面的探讨.总结了现有"规范"对于结构阻尼方面的规定;针对实际的高层混凝土和高层钢结构算例,探讨了各性能设计阶段结构等效阻尼比的变化情况,以及弹塑性阻尼对于结构静力推覆分析和能力谱方法计算结果的影响;探讨了不同的阻尼比对于罕遇地震弹性和弹塑性动力时程分析结果的影响;指出了将Rayleigh阻尼自然推广到弹塑性动力时程分析中所存在的问题;本文提出了实时阻尼比概念,通过算例分析表明可以较好地改进罕遇地震弹塑性动力时程分析中的阻尼问题.     

中震下RC框架结构的失效相关性分析

在定义框架结构截面效应的束维修失效的基础上,利用钢筋混凝土框架结构非线性随机模拟地震反应分析程序,研究了在役框架结构在中震作用下截面效应约束的失效相关性。通过分析,总结出了可用于可靠性分析的相关性规律,并通过算例示出了相关性规律在结构体系可靠度计算中的应用。     

建筑结构罕遇地震响应与地震动位移谱关系研究

本文详细探讨了建筑结构罕遇地震响应与地震动位移谱之间的关系。通过算例分析,对比了大震弹性与大震弹塑性响应的差异,并通过地震动位移谱解释了差异原因。本文比较了人工地震动与包括汶川地震在内的天然地震动位移谱差异,指出了这种差异将导致罕遇地震作用下长周期结构的人工波计算结果普遍大于天然波计算结果。本文依据地震动位移谱给出了罕遇地震分析时的地震动选取原则。     

极罕遇地震作用下RC框架结构抗震性能研究

第五代《中国地震参数区划图》(GB18306-2015)中在原有"常遇、设防和罕遇地震动"之外,引入了"极罕遇地震动".但目前关于"极罕遇地震动"下RC框架结构抗震性能研究较少.本文研究了RC框架结构在四级地震作用下的抗震性能,并对比了结构在非脉冲地震动和脉冲型地震动下结构反应及其不确定性差异.结果表明:依据现有规范设...     

在大震下 RC框架结构基于Pushover方法的失效相关性分析

目前,基于性能的建筑结构抗震设计成为世界各国土木工程界研究的热点之一.结构体系可靠度理论是进行结构性能分析的重要的理论基础.在结构体系可靠度的计算中,一个急待解决的问题是结构构件或截面间的失效相关性问题.本文基于pushover方法,采用Monte Carlo法和随机有限元法,在小震研究成果的基础上,进一步研究了钢筋混凝土框架结构在大震情况下的失效相关性问题,分别得出了框架梁、柱在大震作用下的部分失效相关性规律.     

罕遇地震下村镇建筑复合隔震系统的地震响应特征及设计参数

为研究罕遇地震下复合隔震村镇建筑的地震响应特征及设计参数,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了复合隔震结构、滑移隔震结构、砂垫层隔震结构以及传统的砌体结构四种模型,通过对比4种模型在不同滑移层摩擦系数及不同地震烈度下的加速度、位移及底部剪力等动力响应差异,得出复合隔震体系的地震响应特征及主要设计参数。结果表明:复合隔震体系具有最优的隔震效果,且滑移层摩擦系数越小,地震烈度越大,隔震效果越好。根据预设40%隔震率的要求,确定出不同抗震设防烈度区的滑移层摩擦系数取值范围。     

日本南海海槽发生罕遇地震情况下我国华东沿海的海啸危险性研究

基于日本南海海槽地震活动性和历史海啸事件记载的分析,本文对日本南海海槽发生M_W9.1罕遇地震情况下的海啸进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:该地震可引发初始波幅约10 m的海啸,6个小时后传至浙江沿海,近岸各处波幅为1—2 m;8个小时后靠近上海海岸线,最大波幅约2 m,受地形影响局地爬高至近3 m;11个小时后抵达苏北黄海沿岸,预计波幅普遍在1 m左右.海啸的上岸高度与海岸附近的海深和海岸线的形态密切相关.我国近岸海域地形变化复杂,海湾众多,对海啸波有放大作用,该模拟结果可能比实际传播到近岸时偏小,因此综合评估日本海啸影响我国华东地区的规模m可达1—2级左右.一旦日本南海发生罕遇地震对我国的影响不容忽视,尤其遇上风暴潮与天文大潮叠加,则可能会造成一定程度的海啸灾害.     

Numerical failure analysis of a continuous reinforced concrete bridge under strong earthquakes using multi-scale models

Previous failure analyses of bridges typically focus on substructure failure or superstructure failure separately. However, in an actual bridge, the seismic induced substructure failure and superstructure failure may influence each other. Moreover, previous studies typically use simplified models to analyze the bridge failure; however, there are inherent defects in the calculation accuracy compared with using a detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model. Conversely, a detailed 3D FE model requires more computational costs, and a proper erosion criterion of the 3D elements is necessary. In this paper, a multi-scale FE model, including a corresponding erosion criterion, is proposed and validated that can significantly reduce computational costs with high precision by modelling a pseudo-dynamic test of an reinforced concrete (RC) pier. Numerical simulations of the seismic failures of a continuous RC bridge based on the multi-scale FE modeling method using LS-DYNA are performed. The nonlinear properties of the bridge, various connection strengths and bidirectional excitations are considered. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure of the connections will induce large pounding responses of the girders. The nonlinear deformation of the piers will aggravate the pounding damages. Furthermore, bidirectional earthquakes will induce eccentric poundings to the girders and different failure modes to the adjacent piers.     

Stochastic analysis of reinforced concrete frames under seismic excitation

The theoretical background and capabilities of a program for stochastic analysis of plane frames of reinforced concrete, under seismic excitation with emphasis on the analysis of stiffness degradation due to severe plastic deformations, are presented. As a constitutive moment-curvature relation an extended version of the model of Roufaiel-Meyer, taking into account the transition from uncracked to cracked sections, has been applied. Further, a different mechanism for the strength deterioration is utilized.Different positive and negative yield moments for unsymmetrical cross-sections may be specified, as well as moments and axial forces due to gravity loads or due to residual stresses from plastic deformations during previous earthquake excitations. The effect of axial forces on the moment-curvature relationship is taken approximately into account through a modified initial yield moment. The P − σ effect of the axial force is considered by the introduction of a global geometrical stiffness matrix. The finite length of plastic length of plastic end zones is taken into account, controlling the plasticity at the end sections and at three internal cross-sections of the member. Incremental bending stiffness between these control sections is determined by linear interpolation. The stochastic earthquake excitation may be specified either as a standardized acceleration time-series, applied at the earth-surface and scaled with stochastically varying maximum acceleration and duration, or as an intensity modulated Gaussian white noise process filtered through a Kanai-Tajimi filter. Based on Monte-Carlo simulation the program calculates the mean values and the standard deviations of storey displacements and bending moments in critical sections, as well as the mean values, standard deviations and correlation coefficients of various maximum softening damage indicators, defined from time-averaged first and second eigen-periods.In order to reduce the calculation time during extensive simulations, a system reduction scheme has been implemented, based on a truncated expansion of external nodal point degrees-of-freedom in the linear eigenmodes of the initial undamaged structure. Further, only beam-elements, with non-linear behaviour are treated as nonlinear elements. These elements are identified adaptively during the simulation process. In order to demonstrate the ability of the program to predict the actual seismic response of reinforced concrete structures, computed results have been successfully compared to the experimentally recorded results of a 10-storey 4-bay reinforced concrete model.     

钢筋混凝土框架延性破坏准则研究

结构试验研究和理论分析均表明框架变形能力强弱对抗震性能具有显著影响,已有框架破坏准则无法全面反映不同延性结构变形能力差异.文中提出了一种框架结构最大变形能力的定义和计算方法;通过研究柱轴压比、配箍率、结构变形能力、试验加载制度与整体性能退化之间的相互关系,提出了钢筋混凝土框架的延性破坏准则.通过对25榀平面框架试验的计...     

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis(PA) or dynamic time history analysis,with diverse settings of the plastic hinges(PHs) on such main structural components as columns,beams and walls,the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints(BCJs) during major earthquakes is commonly neglected.This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures.Based on the specifications of FEMA-356,a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established,allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed.To verify the validity of this method,the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements.By considering shear failure at BCJs,the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames,including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints,in a precise and effective manner.     

罕遇地震作用下直接基于位移设计的局部预应力混凝土框架目标位移控制研究

本文针对罕遇地震作用下,直接基于位移设计的预应力混凝土框架在“防止倒塌”性能水准下结构目标位移不能有效控制的问题进行研究.通过理论分析和预应力混凝土框架结构的设计实例模拟计算,总结出影响结构目标位移有效控制的主要原因有结构承载能力超强和性能点时刻位移模式与设计位移模式误差较大两个方面.结构承载能力超强是影响框架层间位移角有效控制的主要原因,位移模式误差则是通过影响等效单自由度体系的等效目标位移而影响目标位移的有效控制.文中提出了考虑强柱弱梁调整、材料强度取值以及其他构造措施等影响的基底剪力折减计算公式,以及采用结构在性能点时刻的位移模式对设计位移模式进行修正的改进方法,算例表明目标位移和其他各项性能参数的控制均得到了非常明显的改善.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构造价与失效概率之间的近似关系研究

本文以层间位移角作为结构性能参数,分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构层间变形能力,以及在水平地震作用下层间位移反应。考虑钢筋混凝土框架结构材料强度和几何尺寸以及地震作用的不确定性,得出了在设计基准期内结构的失效概率。同时分析了不同设计参数下结构的最小造价,在此基础上,确定了结构最小造价和失效概率之间的近似关系。目的是为采用“投资—效益“准则确定该类型结构目标性能水平提供分析依据,从而为采用基于性能抗震设计理念制定建筑结构抗震设计规范提供基础研究。本文中,结构失效概率指结构最终极限状态的失效概率。     

钢筋混凝土框架非弹性地震反应分析模型研究进展

本文对国内外钢筋混凝土框架非弹性地震反应分析模型的研究进展进行了介绍和评述，指出了这一研究领域中存在的主要问题和值得进一步研究的课题方向。     

Nonlinear seismic analysis of reinforced concrete frames using the force analogy method

A method of nonlinear seismic analysis for RC framed structures considering full‐range factors, including stiffness and strength degradation, geometric nonlinearity, and structural member failure, is established based on the fundamental concept of the force analogy method. The strong material nonlinearity, large geometric deformation, and internal forces redistribution due to the member failure can be depicted by the proposed local plastic mechanisms, the rotation hinges at the member ends and the slide hinges assigned to the columns, of which the measurement relationships are moment versus plastic rotation and shear force versus shear plastic deformation, respectively. They are capable of evaluating the exact response of RC structures. Because only unchanging initial stiffness matrices are used through the whole computation process, the state‐space formulation was used for solving the equations of motion. The advantages of the force analogy method, such as high efficiency and stability, are still retained. The exactness of the proposed local plastic mechanisms is verified against a group of tests data, and the application of the proposed procedure is performed to an RC framed structure to simulate the full‐range nonlinear response by increasing the excitation step by step until failure of partial structural members appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.