四川拉拉铜矿矿山废石综合利用新工艺研究

本项目研究经历小型选矿试验,工业试验和工业应用三个阶段,历时近两年。研究的新工艺在主流程采用低碱度矿浆介质法(PH=8左右),使用新型铜捕收剂B503、钴活化剂DK-1、矿泥分散剂六偏磷酸钠,取消老工艺中的铜钴系统再磨再选作业,使马鞍坪选矿厂铜、钴、钼和金的回收率年平均分别提高3.66%,29.56%、6.28%,5.24%,每年减少石灰用量2970吨,硫化钠用量1980吨,节省电耗134.64万度。取得了较显著的经济、社会和环境效益。     

山东汶上低品位铁矿石的矿物学特征及磁选实验研究

在对山东汶上低品位磁铁矿矿石进行矿石工艺矿物学研究的基础之上,通过磨矿、磁选管实验及磁选扩大实验研究,确定了其最佳的磁选工艺流程结构及磨选工艺指标。工艺矿物学研究表明,汶上磁铁矿矿石的嵌布粒度较细,大部分磁铁矿的粒度为0．02mm～0．05mm,磁铁矿主要呈细粒浸染状分布在角闪石和石英等脉石矿物中;磨矿磁选管实验研究表明,铁矿石经过一段磨矿,磁铁矿的单体解离度较低,通过一段磁选难以获得品位合格的铁精矿,磁选扩大实验研究表明,控制一段磨矿细度-200目含量58．64％（-325目含量46．41％）,经过一段粗选,获得粗精矿;粗精矿再磨至细度为-325目含量98．5％,对再磨粗精矿经过再选和两段精选获得最终合格铁精矿的品位66．20％,磁选扩大试验铁回收率达到70．58％。     

××碳酸盐型萤石矿选矿试验研究

通过对浙江××碳酸盐型萤石矿的条件试验及开路、闭路流程试验研究,在常温条件下,采用一次粗选六次精选、部分中矿集中再选、抛两个尾矿的选矿工艺流程,取得了较好的选矿指标.     

从米易橄榄岩体低品位铬矿石中回收铬铁矿研究

本研究以四川米易大槽橄榄矿体低品位含铬矿石(Cr2O3平均含量为8.57%)为研究对象,对三种选矿工艺流程进行了对比试验研究,研究结果表明,强磁～摇床～中矿再磨～强磁～摇床选矿工艺流程是处理大槽低品位铬铁矿较为合理的工艺流程,它不但可获得含Cr2O340.75%,回收率78.53%的铬精矿,且占地面积省、生产成本较低。     

X射线衍射-扫描电镜等技术研究秘鲁铜硫矿石选矿工艺矿物学特征

秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。     

某石英砂矿提纯制取高纯石英初探

针对某地石英砂矿石性质特点,经探索性试验研究证明,该石英砂矿采用破碎分级→碱液擦洗→搅拌酸浸→强酸处理→细磨筛分→强酸再处理的提纯工艺流程,可获得二氧化硅含量大于99.99%的高纯石英产品。     

自然铜矿石样品的加工及分析测试方法

对滇东北地区典型自然铜矿石样品的试验采取、粒度分级过筛、缩分及均匀性试验,认为样品在经过粗碎、中碎后,将颗粒大于2mm的矿物(95%以上为自然铜)用2mm隔筛分离后,余下样品经过棒磨,过0.246mm(60目)筛后进行缩分至常量细碎样品量,再进行0.074mm(200目)样品加工的工艺流程是可行的。样品中铜元素分析方法(原子吸收光谱法、碘量法和碘氟法)的选择符合矿区实际,其经济性、可靠性、准确性能满足地质工作的实际需要。     

某萤石矿阶段磨矿阶段浮选工艺探讨

某萤石矿中萤石与石英密切共生.采用磨矿-浮选工艺流程进行选矿试验,虽然所得萤石精矿w（CaF2）达98％以上,但精矿中杂质w（SiO2）＞1％.采用阶段磨矿阶段浮选工艺流程,获得了w（CaF2）=98.07％,w（SiO2） =0.77％的优质萤石精矿;粗精矿再磨使萤石充分单体解离,有助于降低浮选精矿中二氧化硅.     

铜-锌-硫混合粗精矿的选择性浮选分离

细粒嵌布型铜锌硫化矿采用粗磨后混合浮选工艺,具有回收率高和成本低的优势,但对所产出的混合精矿,亟需解决铜、锌、硫之间的高效彻底分离。云南玉溪地区铜锌硫混合粗精矿,其细度为-74μm 75%,含Cu 2.45%、Zn 4.93%、S 31.21%,笔者采用粗精矿再磨-铜、锌、硫选择性浮选分离工艺,研究了再磨细度、药剂种类、用量等因素对各矿物分离效果的影响。当粗精矿再磨细度为-38μm90%时,闭路试验获得品位和回收率均较高的铜、锌和硫精矿产品,铜精矿含Cu 21.00%,Cu回收率84.27%,锌精矿含Zn 48.37%,Zn回收率85.94%,硫精矿含S37.90%,S回收率82.85%,混合精矿中的铜矿物、锌矿物、硫矿物均实现了较彻底的分离。本研究为铜多金属混合精矿的有效分离提供了一种可资借鉴的方法。     

云南某微细粒辉钼矿工艺矿物学与浮选回收技术研究

针对云南某单一的低品位硫化钼矿,辉钼矿嵌布粒度粗细极不均匀,微细粒含量高的特点,进行了工艺矿物学与浮选回收技术研究.采用原矿粗磨—钼粗精矿再磨的阶段磨浮选矿回收工艺,以水玻璃和硫化钠做脉石矿物的抑制剂,以煤油和2#油分别作辉钼矿的捕收剂和起泡剂,对原矿Mo品位0.22％,全流程浮选闭路试验获得了钼精矿含M050.12％,回收率92.73％的浮选指标,浮选回收工艺流程合理、药剂制度简单环保.     

ICP-OES法测定煤样中磷、铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、镍、钴等元素

采用硝酸—氢氟酸—高氟酸混合体系,微波消解样品,用ICP-OES法测定煤样中微量元素P、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Dd、Ni、Co,快速简便、准确度高。     

金川镍铜矿床数学模型对深部矿化变化趋势的指示

按矿化特征将金川X矿区主矿体分为致密块状特富矿、海绵状富矿和浸染状贫矿.应用MicroMine软件对3类矿化体分别建立了数学模型,并应用距离平方反比法对模型单元块进行了镍、铜品位估值.通过分析和对比矿床数学模型900m至1300m不同水平剖面上的Ni、Cu品位及Ni/Cu比值的变化,得出在X矿区的中部西侧是一个Ni和Cu的矿化中心,并且向深部Cu的矿化强度高于Ni.     

The use of mantle normalization and metal ratios in the identification of the sources of platinum-group elements in various metal-rich black shales

It has been shown that Ni/Cu versus Pd/Ir and Cu/Ir versus Ni/Pd ratios, as well as mantle-normalized metal patterns can be successfully used to evaluate the effects of partial melting, crystal fractionation and sulfide saturation in mafic and ultramafic rocks. Platinum-group element (PGE) enrichments occur in Zn-, Cu- and Ni-rich black shales in a number of geological settings. These facies are generally associated with the development of continental rift structures, both without significant volcanic activity (examples in Canada, China, Finland and Poland) and with volcanic activity (Czech Republic and Namibia). Using the same element ratios as were used in mafic igneous rocks, it is evident that metal-rich black shales associated with volcanic rocks reflect the fractionation of PGEs in volcanogenic facies. It is further concluded that, in metal-rich black shales in which distributions of Ni and Cu have been altered by various processes, the Cu/Ir versus Ni/Pd and Ni/Cu versus Pd/Ir ratios plots are applicable for determination of the source of PGEs only after careful evaluation of Ni and Cu enrichments.Editorial handling: A. Brown, D. Lentz     

典型铜镍矿区周围环境介质中重金属及其化学形态分布特征

重金属污染是金属矿山开采和冶炼所引起的主要环境问题。对甘肃省典型矿业城市金昌市周围农田土壤、废渣堆表面风化物及降尘、尾矿坝尾矿砂和尾矿坝旁排污沟沉积物中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量及其化学形态进行分析。结果表明:不同区域环境中重金属呈现不同程度累积,其中以Cu、Ni最为显著,含量由高到低依次为尾矿坝排污沟>尾矿坝>废渣堆>农田土壤;尾矿砂和沉积物中重金属分布以Ni含量显著高于Cu含量为特征;而农田土壤和风化物及降尘中重金属分布以Cu含量高于Ni含量为特征,前者Cu、Ni主要来源于尾矿,后者与冶炼烟尘排放有很大关系;样品中除Cr、Zn以残渣态为主外,Cu、Ni、Pb化学形态分布有较大差异,Cu以可氧化态和残渣态为主,Ni以可还原态为主,其次为弱酸提取态,Pb以可还原态为主,其次为残渣态。土壤理化性质是影响重金属化学形态分布的重要因素。     

手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品中锰铁钴镍铜锌

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪可以快速进行多元素实时分析,在富钴结壳资源勘查中有广阔的应用前景,但是现有仪器的分辨率和稳定性有待进一步提高,特别是现场原位分析法的应用有待研究。本文针对富钴结壳中目标元素含量相对较高的特点,采用松散粉末法制样,建立了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪快速测定太平洋富钴结壳样品中Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn的分析方法。该方法用多金属结核和富钴结壳国家标准物质进行验证,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.2%~3.0%之间,测定值与标准值的相对误差为92.9%~107.6%。样品现场分析和实验室分析的数据对比表明,除了低含量Cu略有超差外,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn和品位均无超差,完全满足该类矿产资源勘查规程的要求。本法简单、高效,适用于对野外富钴结壳资源作出快速的初步评价。     

Distinguishing significant from false copper and nickel anomalies in soil overlying the Gladesville norite, Jasper County, Georgia

Distinct anomalies of Cu and Ni in stream alluvium and soil are associated with the Gladesville norite, but are generally not related to significant mineralization. The origin of one of the soil anomalies was investigated by determining partitioning relationships of Cu and Ni in outcrop samples, B-horizon soil samples, and a soil profile sample utilizing selective leaching techniques and electron microprobe analyses.Silicate minerals and spinel are important controls of both Cu and Ni distribution in the outcrop samples. Sulfides are a minor residence site of Ni but an important residence site of Cu. In soil, scavenging of Cu by montmorillonite has been important. Disintegration of montmorillonite in the B-horizon leaves residual minerals as an important and probably dominant control of Cu distribution in the upper part of the soil. Iron oxide particle coatings contain more Ni (46%) than any other single material in the B-horizon soil samples but contain only 21% of the Cu.Certain characteristics of the investigated Cu and Ni soil anomaly may be significant in future exploration as indicators of “false” anomalies. These include areal anomaly distribution patterns, soil/bedrock metal ratios, and the tendency of each metal to reside principally in a single soil component.     

Flocculation of heavy metals during mixing of freshwater with Caspian Sea water

Flocculation of colloidal size fraction for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Mn was investigated on a series of mixtures with water salinities ranging from 1.5 to 9.5‰ during mixing of Haraz River with the Caspian Sea water. The flocculation trend of Zn (85.5%) > Mn (55.2%) > Cu (39.6%) > Pb (33.7%) > Ni (11.3%) indicates that Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn have non-conservative behavior and Ni has relatively conservative behavior during estuarine mixing. Highest flocculation of heavy metals occurs between salinities of 1.5 and 4.5‰. Statistical analysis indicates that the flocculation of Cu, Zn and Ni is governed by pH and total nitrogen.     

Geochemical features of heavy metals in core sediments of northwestern Taihu Lake, China

Sequential core sediments from northwestern Taihu Lake in China were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon and heavy metal content. The sediments are composed of organic-poor clayey-fine silts. The chemical speciations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were also analyzed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are mainly associated with the residue fraction; Mn is concentrated mainly in exchangeable/carbonate fraction and residue fraction; and Pb mainly in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and organic/sulfide fraction. The exchangeable/carbonate fractions of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb are lower. The fractions of Ni, Pb and Zn bound to the Fe/Mn oxide have significant correlations with reducible Mn; the organic/sulfide fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn have significant correlations with TOC. The extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are high at the top 4 cm of the core sediments as compared to those in the deeper layers, showing the anthropogenic input of heavy metals is due to rapid industrial development. The heavy metal pollution history of the sediments has been recorded since the late 1970s, determined by the result of ^137Cs dating.     

宁沪高速公路句容段两侧土壤磁化率异常与重金属元素的关系研究

高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率从路中央向两侧具有逐渐降低的特征,相对应的样品中的重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe等元素的含量也具有从路中心向两侧逐渐降低的现象。相关分析表明,土壤磁化率与土壤中的Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe的相关性显著,因而可以利用磁化率异常来指示高速公路两侧土壤的重金属污染状况。元素的赋存形态分析表明铁锰氧化物态与残渣态是Cu、Pb、Zn、N i、Cr、Fe的主要赋存形式;各元素的形态分析结果与土壤磁化率的相关统计分析表明,高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率与可交换态中的Cu、Pb、Zn、铁锰氧化物态中的Fe、Pb、Zn、有机还原态中的Cu、Cr、Fe、Zn和残渣态中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co、N i具有明显的相关性。