Origin of hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of the Ivankovo Reservoir

The composition of hydrocarbons (aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic) is studied in the surface layer of bottom sediments of the Ivankovo Reservoir. Their concentrations are found to be high both per dry mass and in the composition of C_org. The concentration range was 0.42 to 28.15% for C_org, 141.9 to 3451.8 μg/g for aliphatic hydrocarbons (0.2–51.2% C_org), and 28.2–9161 ng/g for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ((0.04–6.58) × 10^?3 % C_org). The distribution of hydrocarbons is shown to be determined not only by the lithologic type of sediments, but also by their input from petroleum and pyrogenic sources.     

Determination of soil hydrophysical characteristics in the Ivankovo Reservoir watershed

The capillary-sorption potential and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soils as functions of soil water content are derived for forest, meadow, and agricultural ecosystems of the Ivankovo Reservoir watershed. The parameters of van Genuchten-Mualem equations were determined for the same soils based on data on soil particle size distribution and density. Computer code HYDRUS-1D and the obtained data were used to calculate the values of field capacity of soils in forest, meadow, and agricultural ecosystems in the drainage basin of the Ivankovo Reservoir.     

Geoenvironmental problems of recreational use of the Ivankovo Reservoir

Methodical principles of recreational studies of reservoirs are discussed. The impact of main types of recreational water use on water quality is revealed using the Ivankovo Reservoir as an example.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 115–122.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lantsova, Grigoreva, Tikhomirov.     

Plant Pigments in the Ivankovo Reservoir Silts as Indicators of Destruction Processes

The trophic state of the Ivankovo Reservoir is evaluated based on the characteristics of phytoplankton development and silt accumulation. Data on the space and time distribution of plant pigments in silt deposits are examined. Correlation between plant pigments and the main characteristics of silts are established. The ratio of chlorophyll content of the normal annual layer of sediment accumulation to the annual primary production of phytoplankton is calculated. The bedding of gray clayey silts onto gray sandy silts is shown to correlate with an increase in pigment concentrations in the top sediment horizons.     

Long-Term Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Subsoil Water in Ivankovo Reservoir Drainage Basin

Water Resources - The article presents the results of summer dry-season areal surveys of subsoil water chemistry in the drainage basin of the Ivankovo Reservoir in the Volga segment from Tver City...     

Assessment of the oxygen consumption rate in the water column for the Mozhaisk and Ivankovo reservoirs

Long-term studies of oxygen consumption rate in the water column of the Mozhaisk and Ivankovo reservoirs enabled the calculation of statistical dependencies of oxygen consumption rate on oxygen deficit, taking into account the trophic level and hydrological structure of the water column. On the basis of the values of oxygen deficit, the vertical distribution of water density, and water transparency, the oxygen consumption rate in the water column can be estimated.     

Simulation of Phytoplankton Community Transformations in the Ivankovo and Rybinsk Reservoirs: Graphical Analysis

Water Resources - The paper describes a method of graphical analysis developed for freshwater ecosystems. The method was first used to analyze the structure of phytoplankton communities in the...     

Geochemistry and geothermometry of spring water from the Blackfoot Reservoir region, southeastern Idaho

The Blackfoot Reservoir region in southeastern Idaho is recognized as a potential geothermal area because of the presence of several young rhyolite domes (50,000 years old), Quaternary basalt flows, and warm springs. North- to northwest-trending high-angle normal faults of Tertiary to Holocene age appear to be the dominant structural control of spring activity. Surface spring-water temperatures average 14°C except for a group of springs west of the Reservoir Mountains which average 33°C. Chemical geothermometers applied to fifty water samples give temperatures less than 75°C except for eight springs along the Corral Creek drainage. The springs along Corral Creek have Na-K-Ca temperatures that average 354°C, a direct result of high potassium concentrations in the water. A correction for carbon dioxide applied to the Na-K-Ca geothermometer lowers the estimated temperatures of the anomalous springs to near the measured surface temperatures, and Na-K-Ca-Mg temperatures for the anomalous springs are near 100°C. Mixing model calculations suggest that hot water with a temperature of approximately 120°C may be mixing with cooler, more dilute water in the springs from the Corral Creek drainage, a temperature supported by Na-K-Ca-Mg temperatures and mineral saturation temperatures.Stability relations of low-temperature phases in the system indicate that the large concentrations of potassium in the eight anomalous springs are derived from reactions with the potassium-bearing minerals muscovite and K-feldspar. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases may be derived through the oxidation of organic matter accompanied by the reduction of sulfate. Concentrations of major and minor elements, and gases found in springs of the Blackfoot Reservoir region are due to water-rock reactions at temperatures less than 100°C.Based on spring geochemistry, a geothermal reservoir of 100°C up to 120°C may exist at shallow (less than 2 km) depths in the Blackfoot Reservoir region.     

Adapting a model of heat and mass exchange between a water body and the atmosphere taking into account the effect of shallows: Case study of the Ivankovo Reservoir

The paper is based on a box model of heat and mass exchange with the incorporation of a block for calculating latent heat flux, supplemented by parameterization of heat and mass exchange between shallow water area and the atmosphere. The results of calculation of evaporation from the water area of the Ivankovo Reservoir, with allowance made for more intense evaporation from shallows, are given. The latent heat fluxes from shallow and deep-water zones of the water body are shown to differ, depending on weather conditions and water level; the increase in the evaporated-water volume due to taking into account the shallow-water effect is evaluated.     

六盘山地区泉水地球化学特征

根据六盘山地区泉水的化学组成和氢、 氧同位素数据, 讨论了该区地下水的化学类型、 成因及其动态变化特征。 2012年11月和2014年7月在六盘山地区采集10处泉水样品, 氢氧同位素由液态水同位素分析仪测定, 离子组分浓度由离子色谱和化学滴定法测定。 水样的TDS范围为218~27508 mg/L, δ¹⁸O和δD值分别为-12.0‰~ -8.5‰, -88.5‰ ~-61.3‰。 δ¹⁸O和δD指示该区泉水来源于大气降水, 并受水循环条件及水岩反应程度的影响。 根据舒卡列夫分类法, 所采水样可划分为10种水化学类型, 受含水层岩性控制, 宁南地区的水化类型主要为SO₄-Na型, 渭北西部地区的水化类型主要为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型。 两次所采水样的离子浓度显示多数水样点的HCO^-₃具有夏高冬低的季节性变化特征, 千川村(QC)、 双井村(SJ)等因含水层赋存环境较封闭, 受降水干扰小; 硝口村(XKH)泉水的离子毫克当量比值变幅最大, 说明该泉点水岩反应程度变化较大, 易受断层带活动的影响。 研究结果确定了六盘山地区水文地球化学背景和水的来源, 为该区流体地球化学地震监测、 预测提供了背景资料。     

垦丁国家公园内南仁湖的地球化学

南仁湖区位于台湾省屏东县满州乡境内,是一个封闭且独立的盆地,土壤属于洪积层发良之红壤,是经过强烈淋洗后的风化产物。成分以粘土矿物为主,低价元素皆在风化过程中大量流失,呈强酸性反应(pH值为3.65—5.30)。淋洗出的土壤渗滤水pH值介於5.O左右,碱度几乎全在0.020 m mol(+)/L以下,没有提供大量碱度到湖水中,和一般沉积岩区土壤渗滤水不同。湖水中的叶绿素a含量大多数在10μg/L之上,属于富营养化的水域;碱度大部分在O.20 m mol(+)/L以下,属为对酸敏感到极敏感湖之列;磷含量已多在20μg/L以上,在分类上亦属于富营养阶段;氮和磷的比值相当低,因此氮成为水中浮游生物的主要生长限制元素;其他主要离子的来源受控于当地环境和雨水及海水飞沫的影响。为了解影响湖水化学组成的主要因素,作者收集南仁湖区的雨水、土壤渗滤水和湖水,以求了解其各别的离子含量及变化;同时还测量湖水流出量,并收集相关气象资料,企图计算出各种离子在集水区中的收支情况。经过实验及计算,估计雨水在1989年输入大约167×10~3mol(+)的离子,占年度总输入量的6％左右,其余则来自陆地;大约577×10~3mol(+)的主要离子从出水口流出南仁湖,约占总输入量的19％,其余的离子累积于湖盆中。显见陆源水的化学物质含量是影响南仁湖水质及化学组成的主要因素。水中有机质以33.7—52.9mg/cm~2·a的速率累积于南仁湖沉积物中,沉积物的总累积速率为581—911mg/cm~2·a。     

Geochemistry of the volcanics of central Mexico

The Tertiary and Recent volcanics of Mexico occur in two provinces. The Cordillera Province is made up of about 1700 m of ignimbrite sheets overlain and intercalated in the upper part by olivine basalt and basaltic andesite. The Rio Lerma Province extends transversely across Mexico and in the Valley of Mexico the lavas consist mainly of andesite and dacite, 68 % of those analysed having 62 | 4.7 % SiO₂. A total of 108 chemical analyses were made for the major elements, 90 of these including determinations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Th and Pb for two areas, the Valley of Mexico in the Rio Lerma Province and the Guadalajara region which lies at the intersection of the two provinces. Computer constructions of normative components in the basalt tetrahedron and other projections support an origin of partial melting of tholeiitic to pyrolitic material for the production of andesite. The Guadalajara lavas have consistently higher K/SiO₂ and K/Rb ratios and lower Mg/SiO₂ ratio than the Valley of Mexico rocks suggesting generation at greater depth.     

Geochemistry of the Mesozoic basaltic rocks in southern Hunan Province

Southern Hunan Province is famous for its intensive rare, radioactive and other metal elements’ mineralizations. There is a relation between the basaltic rocks and mineralizations in space, time and ore-forming elements. The Jurassic-Cretaceous (204–81 Ma) basaltic rocks consists mainly of alkali-basalt and tholeiitic basalt formed in plate environment. Trace elements and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions show that the regional mantle source was metasomatized shortly before the partial melting. The alkali basalt and tholeiitic basalt might be 3%–5% and 10%–15% of the partial melting of the enriched mantle source respectively. Obviously the enrichment of the regional mantle played an important role in formation of the large and super-large deposits in southern Hunan Province.     

腾冲火山岩同位素地球化学研究

研究了腾冲火山岩的Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素地球化学特征;该区火山岩具高的＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾２０７ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾２０８ｐｂ／＾２０４ｐｂ、＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８７Ｓｒ和低的＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ值,所反映的岩浆源区为ＥＭⅡ。模拟计算表明：地幔源中下地壳组分（含少量大洋沉积物）占２０％,地幔源相当于榴辉岩组成。     

Microbiological Processes in the Gor'kovskoe Reservoir

The abundance of various groups of bacteria and the rate of microbiological processes of organic decay and methane cycle in the water and soils of the Gor'kovskoe Reservoir are determined, and the ecological characterization of its river reach is presented. The autochthonous and allochthonous impact on the bacterial community of the reservoir was found to be tolerable; however, some restricted areas were revealed, where the ecosystem is strongly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater, and where the abundance and activity of anaerobic methane-producing and sulfate-reducing soil bacteria increase.