油页岩地质类比资源评价体系的建立

松辽盆地晚白垩纪青山口组和嫩江组蕴藏着丰富的油页岩资源,已查明4处超大型中浅层油页岩矿床,盆地油页岩资源整体呈现"局部查明程度高、整体认识程度低"的特征。本文采用以地质类比法为主、统计算法为辅的统计类比法估算油页岩潜在资源量。在松辽盆地嫩江组探明的超大型矿床——吉林松南油页岩含矿区的类比刻度区内,以松辽盆地油页岩成矿富集条件为理论依据,优选出控制油页岩成矿富集的3个一级和6个派生二级地质因素来建立类比参数库,并提出"多态"定性变换原则处理类比参数。采用特征因子法确定刻度区与预测区的相似类比系数概率分布函数,并构建了油页岩资源体积丰度概率分布函数,从而利用蒙特卡罗法和组合抽样法计算不同置信水平下的油页岩潜在资源量。提出利用"高概率值波动剧烈"选取原则评价概率区间上合理的油页岩潜在资源量,把100%~85%概率区间的资源量作为松辽盆地嫩江组油页岩资源评价的合理值区间。结果显示,松辽盆地嫩江组中浅层油页岩在合理概率下的潜在资源量分别为2867.2×108 t(100%)、3356.2×108 t(95%)、3834.0×108 t(90%)、4307.7×108 t(85%),合理概率区间上的平均资源量为3591.3×108 t。验证分析表明,统计类比法对大范围低勘探程度的预测区资源估算更为准确,填补了中—低勘探盆地油页岩在资源评价方面的不足,可以为其他同类型沉积盆地的能源或矿产资源评价起到借鉴作用。     

地质岩心钻探现场泥浆专家系统设计

根据当前地质岩心钻探泥浆使用的技术要求,讨论了满足现场使用的泥浆专家系统的设计方法。建立了以地层分类为基础、以工程实例为依据的泥浆配方推导模式。构建了专用于本系统的地层信息数据库、配方实例数据库以及材料信息数据库等。可根据现场施工钻遇的不同地层,通过本软件迅速查询相应的工程实例配方和使用经验。同时,还可以查询相应泥浆材料的介绍、推荐加量、生产厂商等信息,以便更好地满足施工现场的需求。     

论硫化氢生成的地质条件

根据硫化氢的赋存环境、组成特征和热还原反应模拟试验等,提出硫化氢生成需具备五项基本地质条件:(1)地层中富含石膏;(2)富含还原剂—烃类物质;(3)较大埋深或较高的地温条件;(4)地层水作为介质和反应场所;(5)严密的封存体系。热还原反应必须在有水条件下才能进行,硫酸盐水解后的硫酸根是硫化氢的直接供体。硫化氢的生成实际经历了一个天然气向地层水的溶入和脱出过程,两者的密切关系造成含硫化氢天然气通常出现在气-水界面附近,密封条件极好的岩性气藏或构造气藏当中,构造低部位或气藏下倾方向。但是,后期构造抬升有可能造成硫化氢与地层水的分离。     

Relationship between Geological Structures and Hydrocarbon Enrichment of Different Depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Bohai Bay Basin contains many depressions with varying degrees of hydrocarbon enrichment associated with the geological structures of different depressions. This study discussed the relationship between the geological structures and hydrocarbon enrichment of the depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin. Based on the Paleogene strata distribution and the length to width ratio of different depressions, their geological structures are divided into three types in plan-view: open(length/width 2), narrow(length/width 4) and transitional types(length/width 2–4). In cross section, the geological structures can be divided into dustpan I, dustpan II and double-faulted types. Based on tectonic evolution and sedimentary characteristics, the depressions are classified into early-formed, inherited and late-formed categories. Generally, narrow depressions are mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the Bohai Bay Basin, while open depressions are dominantly distributed in the central area of the basin; late-formed depressions are mainly around the Bohai sea area, and early-formed depressions are mostly located in the periphery of the basin. Geological structures of the depressions control the formation of the source, reservoir and cap rocks as well as hydrocarbon accumulation setting, and further influence the pay zones and oil-bearing sequence. In detail, dustpan II and doublefaulted depressions mainly have A-type sags, which often possess better hydrocarbon generation conditions than dustpan I ones; hydrocarbons in open dustpan II depressions tend to accumulate in the central uplift areas or buried hill, while those in narrow dustpan I depressions always accumulate in gentle slope belts. The oil-bearing sequence for different evolutional depressions corresponds well with the sedimentary strata of the main development stages of depressions. In early-formed depressions, hydrocarbons are mainly enriched in deeply buried reservoirs, while in late-formed depressions hydrocarbons are abundant in the relatively shallow traps. In summary, most inherited and late-formed dustpan II depressions are enriched in hydrocarbons due to their extensive source rocks and good source–reservoir–seal assemblages, whereas dustpan I and early-formed depressions are relatively poor in hydrocarbons.     

Fine Geological Modeling of the Tight Oil Reservoir

<正>1 Introduction The study area of Northern Honggang is located in the Daan-Honggang terrace in the central depression of the southern Songliao basin,covering an area of 110km2.The oil field is categorized as an ultra-low permeability reservoir and the target horizon is the Fuyu oil layer.The reservoir is characterized as poor physical property,strong     

羌塘盆地侏罗系展布重力反演预测及蒸发岩沉积洼陷优选评价

利用露头和岩心物性的统计资料和对羌塘盆地统一改算后的1∶50万重力资料的波谱结构分析,应用匹配滤波法分离出羌塘盆地6个构造层。通过带地形的重力反演法计算了侏罗系构造层顶底界面深度及构造层厚度,预测了羌北坳陷中5个沉积洼陷和羌南坳陷中4个沉积洼陷。这9个侏罗纪洼陷分布在中央隆起带的南北两侧,羌北坳陷侏罗纪沉积岩以海陆过渡相蒸发盐岩为主,沉积体量比羌南坳陷略小。结合地面岩矿地层分析、湖水和泉水化学测试分析和卫星遥感图像解译资料综合评价认为,羌北坳陷比羌南坳陷具有更有利的蒸发岩沉积条件,初步预测羌北坳陷QB2和QB3洼陷为一级有利的含钾沉积洼陷,羌南坳陷QN1和QN2洼陷为二级有利的含钾沉积洼陷。     

中国油页岩富集与地质事件研究

油页岩是一种有机质富集的细粒沉积岩,高古湖泊生产力和稳定的还原环境是油页岩成矿的关键。越来越多的学者研究发现,在含油页岩沉积组合序列中,经常出现火山、热液、大洋缺氧、气候突变、海侵、重力流等地质事件。通过对全国50个盆地、95个含矿区油页岩成因和分布规律的总结和归纳,揭示出火山、热液、大洋缺氧、气候突变、海侵、重力流等事件不同程度地改变古湖泊水体条件,引发湖泊表层高生产力,促进藻类勃发和微生物繁盛,并形成稳定的湖泊分层环境,成为油页岩富集的有利因素。但若过量的火山灰、频繁火山爆发释放大量气体、高温高压的间歇性热液流体以及频繁的重力流作用将不利于油页岩富集。针对这些地质事件研究,目前还只停留在对单个事件的分析,未来需要从地球系统科学整体出发,促进沉积学、地球化学、微生物学等多学科交叉,揭示非常规油气资源沉积富集与重大地质环境突变的生态循环过程,进一步深入加强多种地质事件耦合作用对油页岩成矿影响,丰富非常规油气沉积学理论。     

2015–2020 Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey Bureau

正On 1–5 September 2014,the China Geological Survey Bureau held a 2015–2020 Geology and Mineral Resources Investigation and Assessment Special Planning and Deployment Meeting to plan the next six years in order to invest nearly ten billion US dollars to implement 9 programs and 50 projects with the aim of developing geological survey work,and to play a leading role in ensuring sustained and stable development.1 The Land Energy and Mines Geological Survey Program     

矿物在油气形成过程中的作用

模拟实验结果表明,矿物组成对煤岩样品的模拟实验结果具有很大的影响,不同的矿物以及同一种矿物在不同的有机质热演化阶段,对有机质形成石油和天然气的过程均具有非常明显的影响:高岭土矿物在高温热演化阶段对有机质形成气态烃的过程具有一定的催化能力;碳酸钙（CaCO3）在中—低热演化阶段能抑制气态物质的形成,而在较高的热演化阶段则对煤生成气态物质的过程具有一定的催化作用;四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）在主要的模拟实验阶段对煤生成气态物质的过程均具有一定的催化作用;硫化亚铁（FeS）在低温热演化阶段对天然气的形成具有一定的抑制作用,而在高温热演化阶段则对天然气的形成具有较明显的催化作用;元素硫（S）在不同的热演化阶段对天然气的形成过程均具有非常明显的催化作用。矿物介质不仅对气态产物的产率有比较明显的影响,而且对液态产物的产率也有较明显的影响。模拟实验结果表明:高岭土和四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）在中、低温模拟实验阶段对“氯仿沥青A”的形成具有较明显的催化作用;硫化亚铁（FeS）在整个模拟实验的全过程中对“氯仿沥青A”的形成均具有明显的催化作用;碳酸钙（CaCO3）矿物对“氯仿沥青A”的形成具有明显的抑制作用;元素硫（S）对“氯仿沥青A”的形成具有非常明显的催化作用。     

GEMS: Geothermal Expert Modeling System

In carrying out geothermal-energy development projects, an exhaustive study has to be conducted on the local subsurface geothermal system based on extensive geothermal surveys and well data. The New Energy and Industrial Development Organization has had an extensive geothermal research program under way since 1987, known as the Nationwide Geothermal Resources Exploration Project. In this program, the total analysis system, which is called the Geothermal Expert Modelling System (GEMS), has been developed to systematize all processes of building models of geothermal systems based on the various regional exploration data. The aim of the system is to select narrow promising areas (about 50–60 square kilometers) for more elaborate exploration from within a region extending over hundreds of square kilometers, by analyzing the various explorations, and by building a geothermal system model of the area. This scheme includes studies to consolidate individual geothermal survey data into an integrated data base and to work out a computer-aided support system for building geothermal models. It calls for the integration of these processes into a system on a user-friendly, engineering work-station that has sufficient graphic functions. An attempt was made to actually identify promising areas in regions covered by wide-area surveys on hydrothermal systems, using the proposed total analysis system.     

有机酸盐热模拟产物中芳烃馏分特征及其地质意义

为了研究有机酸盐生烃演化特征,对有机酸盐进行了270℃、320℃、360℃、400℃和430℃一系列温度点的热模拟,实验结果表明,有机酸盐会大量转化为酮系列化合物,酮化合物最大产率阶段为320℃到360℃,其中360℃时产率最高,其转化率可达有机酸盐加入量的39%,400℃后产率急剧下降。这表明脂肪酸镁向酮系列化合物的最大转化温度段稍早或一致于有机质大量生烃阶段,但该类化合物对热较敏感,高温下不易保存,因此酮作为评价有机酸盐生烃贡献强度的指标只能适合于中—低温演化阶段的烃源岩。     

阜新煤盆地油气地质条件分析

指出九佛堂组 、沙海 组的湖 相泥 岩为盆 地内 的生 油岩 ,并 论 述了 盆地 内 主要 生油 洼陷 及 储油 构造 。强 调 了沙海组扇 三角 洲砂体 有利 于油气 的运 移和聚 集 ,对 储层 、含 油系 统类 型 、盖 层分 布特 征 、生储 盖 组合 类型 、圈 闭类 型 进行了分析 ,就油 气开 采规模 作出 了评价 ,根据 盆地内 的油 气显示 情况 提出了 勘探 建议。     

专家聚类法在青岛市城市地质环境脆弱性评价中的应用

地质环境是人类生活与活动的客观物质环境,影响城市地质环境的因素包括自然地质环境要素和人类工程经济活动2个方面,采用专家聚类法可以对城市进行地质环境脆弱性评价,用以表征城市地质环境特征和质量,在此基础上可进行城市建设发展适宜性分析,为采取有效的地质环境保护措施提供依据。     

渤中19-6潜山构造带凝析油中轻烃地球化学特征及意义

为了明确渤海湾盆地渤中19-6大气田的地化特征和成因,选取研究区潜山凝析气藏7个凝析油样品进行全油色谱分析,剖析其轻烃组成特征,探讨轻烃参数在该区的地质应用.结果表明:渤中19-6凝析油的Mango轻烃参数K₁和K₂值相对稳定,表明研究区原油成因类型基本一致.C₆~C₈组成中正构烷烃具显著优势,甲基环己烷指数平均为39%;庚烷值与异庚烷值,正庚烷/甲基环己烷（F）比值较高,反映它们较高成熟度;轻烃参数计算原油生成温度为125.8~128.1 ℃,其相对偏低,可能与取样过程中凝析油的相态变化有关;2-甲基戊烷/3-甲基戊烷,2-甲基己烷/3-甲基己烷比值高,K₂值低;凝析油正构烷烃摩尔浓度呈三段式分布,甲苯/正庚烷和原油蜡含量随深度而增加.结合饱和烃参数以及金刚烷参数揭示渤中19-6潜山油气为湖相腐泥Ⅱ₁型母质在高成熟阶段（Ro=1.05%~1.30%）的产物,气藏形成后发生一定程度分馏造成油气组分调整.      

地质综合法预测剩余油

地质综合分析法预测剩余油大致可以分为3个步骤：①建立地质知识库;②建立储层地质模型;③以成因砂体为单元分析砂体开发特征,预测剩余油分布。基于双河油田小井距解剖建立的地质知识库,建立了储层建筑结构平面和剖面模型。对结构要素的吸水、产液、接触关系及其完善性研究表明,水下分流河道砂体物性好,规模较大,易于控制,富集的剩余油较少,河口坝砂体虽物性好,但规模小,常有许多砂体不完善而成为剩余油富集区,重力流砂体、水下溢岸砂体则由于规模小,物性差,常成为剩余油富集区,席状砂则虽然展布广,但由于物性差,是剩余油富集砂体。这些剩余油分布可分为孤立状和镶嵌状2种。     

Geological and Geochemical Studies of Heavy Oil Reservoirs in China

Thickened heavy oils in China are genetically characteristic of continenta .As to their physico-chemical properties,these oils are very high in viscosity and low in sulphur and trace element con-tents.In the group constituents,the concentrations of non-hydrocarbons and asphaltene are very high but those of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatics are very low.The gas chromatograms of alkanes show that these heavy oils have high abundances of iso-alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons.In all the steroids and terpenoids ,bicyclic sesquiterpenoids,tricyclic diterpenoids,re-arranged steranes and gammacerane are strongly bildegradation-resistent.The formation of heavy oil reservoirs is controlled mainly by late basin ascendance,biodegradation,flushing by meteoric water and oxidation in the oil-bearing formations.Ac-cording to their formation mechanisms,heavy oil reservoirs can be classified as four categories:weathering and denudation,marginal oxidation,secondary migration and thickening of bottom water .Spacially,heavy thick oil reservoirs are distributed regularly:they usually show some paragenetic relationships with normal oil reservoirs.Heavy oil reservoirs often occur in structural highs or in overlying younger strata.Their burial depth is about 200m.Horizontally,most of them are distributed on the margins of basins or depressions.     

Geological Modeling on the Reservoir of Oil Sand in Estuary

<正>1 Introduction Athabasca oil sands are large deposits of heavy crude oil,located in northeastern Alberta Basin,Canada.Those oil sands,hosted primarily in upper and middle of McM urray Formation,is in 18m in thickness and 160m-180m in buried depth.The average liquid saturation is     

油气地质调查井钻井技术问题与对策

油气资源调查是中国十三五规划的重要内容之一,2016年中国实施油气地质调查井54口,2017年部署36口,大多采用机械岩心钻探工艺。本文基于油气地质调查井和机械岩心钻探工艺特点,从地层特点、井控、固井、录井、测井、井下复杂情况等方面对油气地质调查井钻井所面临的技术难点进行了总结和分析,并有针对性的提出了解决方案。本文研究成果可为相关管理和作业人员提供技术参考,为油气地质调查井钻井技术攻关和发展提供借鉴。     

页岩油地质评价实验测试技术研究进展

页岩油实验测试分析在页岩油地质评价中发挥着重要作用,目前页岩油储层矿物组成、有机质类型、丰度、物性以及岩石脆性等诸多方面的评价参数均需要通过实验测试来获取。本文评述了页岩油储层评价中烃源岩特性、储层储集性、含油性、可动性及可压性等各项实验测试技术研究现状和趋势,重点阐述了各项实验测试技术的目的及方法。页岩油烃源岩特性要综合有机质类型,丰度,成熟度,生物标志化合物,主量、微量和稀土元素等进行全面准确的评价;储集性与页岩矿物组成、孔隙、裂缝等储集空间分布特征密切相关,结合页岩含油饱和度、页岩油黏度、密度等评价页岩含油性和可动性;页岩可压性评价需综合考虑页岩的矿物组成、岩石力学特征参数等因素。同时探讨了页岩油储层地质评价实验测试技术未来发展方向,指出多种方法联合表征页岩油储层储集空间分布特征、不同赋存状态页岩油的分布特征、天然裂缝发育分析等是页岩油储层地质评价技术的关键攻关方向。     

伸展断陷中的变换构造分析

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