防震减灾法制代表团赴加拿大考察

20 0 2年 1 1月 2 0日～ 1 2月 3日 ,由中国地震局和全国人大教科文卫委员会、国务院法制办公室联合组团一行 8人 ,赴加拿大进行了防震减灾法制建设考察。在加期间 ,代表团先后访问了加拿大自然资源部地质调查局太平洋地球科学中心、碑诗省紧急应变中心、加拿大地质调查所、加拿大基础设施保护与紧急应变办公室和加拿大国家研究院建筑研究所 ,对加拿大地震监测台网建设与管理、地震灾害防御和地震灾害救援制度、地震标准化建设等方面进行了深入的了解和交流。加拿大自 2 0世纪 70年代开始进行地震台的数字化建设 ,目前已经建成由 2 8个主干…     

中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开

由中国地震学会和甘肃省地震局联合举办的“中国 8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会”将于 2 0 0 1年 6月 2 5～ 2 7日在兰州市召开。会议活动安排有 1大会报告 ;2专题报告 ;3学术论文报告分组讨论会 ;4会后考察。会后考察为2个路线。 1线 :兰州—海原—古浪—敦煌 (6月2 8日～ 7月 3日 ) ;2线 :兰州—天水 (6月 2 8日～ 7月 1日 )。欲参会者请与中国地震学会有关专业委员会联系中国8级大震研究及防震减灾学术讨论会将于2001年6月25～27日在兰州召开@董泰     

凉山州地震应急救援管理研究

地震是群灾之首。基层是发挥政府职能、加强危机管理、大力推进地震应急救援能力建设、防范化解地震灾害风险的重要基础。本文结合我国地震应急救援发展与基层地震应急救援管理工作,阐述了凉山州地震应急救援管理工作实践。四川凉山,立足“防大震、抢大险、救大灾”,开展地震灾害风险管理,提高地震应急救援能力,初步形成了以法制体制机制建设促进地震应急救援管理,以地震应急救援管理振兴防震减灾事业,全面推进民族团结进步的新格局。      

普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究——以陕西南郑为例

为了深入了解普通公众对地震灾害感知程度,为减少灾害损失和区域防震减灾战略的制定和实施提供科学依据,运用问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,系统分析了四川汶川8.0级地震陕西南郑灾区公众对地震灾害的认知与响应。结果表明:(1)在认知与响应地震灾害方面,公众的防震减灾技能最差,地震灾害知识和震后情绪与信息的传播较差,自救互救实况较好,综合水平与能力还很不理想;(2)普通公众掌握的地震知识准确性和理解深度还有待加强;(3)增强区域防震减灾综合能力的有效途径是提高公众掌握防震减灾技能的程度及普通公众自救互救知识和能力;(4)当地政府的针对性宣传和权威媒体的报道是震后公众获取地震灾害信息的主要渠道,因而推进政府地震灾害信息公开化和透明化是减轻灾害风险的有效途径。     

普通民众认知与响应汶川M_S8.0地震特征分析——以陕西勉县为例

为进一步了解普通民众对汶川MS8.0地震灾害的认知与响应程度,并为政府防震减灾战略的制定和实施提供科学依据,根据地震灾害认知与响应结构体系设计了普通民众地震灾害认知与响应调查问卷,主要指标体系包括地震灾害知识、防震减灾技能、自救互救和震后信息传播等4个方面。基于权重和赋分,构建了指标体系各部分评价模型和地震灾害认知与响应总体评价模型,以此来计算普通民众地震灾害认知与响应的综合得分。测评结果表明:1)勉县灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的综合水平与能力均处于不及格水平;2)在认知与响应地震灾害方面,民众的防震减灾技能最差,对地震灾害知识的了解水平次之,而震时及震后自救互救与震后信息传播2个层面稍好一些;3)普通民众对地震知识和观点的理解还停留在表面现象上,对复杂、抽象的地震知识的理解和掌握,特别是对地震知识掌握的准确性和深层次理解还有待于进一步提高;4)从震后民众获取地震灾害信息的主渠道来看,加大政府关于地震灾害知识和防灾技能的宣传力度以及使地震信息公开透明化是降低地震灾害风险的有效途径之一     

中国地震学会地震科技管理研究委员会成立大会暨第一次研讨会议

中国地震学会科技管理研究委员会成立大会暨第一次研讨会议于 2 0 0 3年 1 0月 1 8～ 2 1日在江西省南昌市召开。新一届委员及特约代表共 2 8人参加了会议。会议首先由杜振民同志介绍了本届地震科技管理研究委员会成员的产生过程 ,酝酿并确定主任、副主任。会议着重讨论了委员会活动方式、未来发展的方向、任务等问题。多位委员就防震减灾事业发展所面临的形势、地震科技管理过程中所取得的经验和教训等问题进行了坦诚的交流 ,并根据中国地震局发展与财务司的建议 ,就“十一·五”及更长一段时间内中国防震减灾事业重大项目构想提出了积极的…     

我国地震科技进步的回顾与展望(三)

3　科学的构思 ,未来的展望在迈进新世纪之际 ,我们不会忘记过去百年的地震给我国人民造成的巨大劫难。在充分肯定近几十年来 ,尤其是“九五”期间我国地震科技所取得的长足进步之际 ,更清醒地认识到我国目前防震减灾科技能力与全社会减轻地震灾害和地震对社会经济生活影响的强烈要求之间仍存在很大差距 ,而且随着经济的发展 ,社会文明的进步 ,地震灾害对社会经济生活的影响正呈迅速增长的趋势 ,因此 ,在新世纪我国防震减灾的任务更加艰巨。面对多震灾的基本国情和更加艰巨的防震减灾任务 ,国务院于 2 0 0 0年 5月在河北省唐山市召开了新中…     

新疆地震灾害紧急救援队成立

20 0 3年 2月 2 4日巴楚—伽师发生 6 .8级强烈地震。这是我区解放以来发生的人员伤亡最大 ,经济损失最重的一次地震。一年后的 2月 2 4日 ,新疆地震灾害紧急救援队成立大会暨授旗仪式在新疆乌鲁木齐隆重举行。中国地震局、公安部消防局、自治区党委、自治区人民政府的领导、自治区防震减灾领导小组成员和新疆地震灾害紧急救援队队员参加了成立大会暨授旗仪式。新疆维吾尔自治区主席司马义·铁力瓦尔地在会上指出 ,新疆是我国地震多发地区之一 ,组建反应迅速、机动性高、突击力强的地震灾害紧急救援队对于保障人民生命财产安全、维护社会稳…     

日本阪神淡路大震灾现场考察

由国家地震局、国家自然科学基金会、北京市市政管理委员会组成的代表团,于1995年2月17日至2月18日赴日本神户等地对1月17日发生的兵库县南部地震进行了现场考察,代表团由国家地震局震害防御司司长李裕澈带队,包括地震预测、地震工程、防震减灾等方面专     

中国地震代表团访问韩国

20 0 3年 8月 2 7～ 30日 ,中国地震局局长宋瑞祥率中国地震代表团一行 4人访问了韩国。访问期间 ,代表团拜访了韩国科技部 ,宋瑞祥局长与韩国科技部权五甲次长就促进中韩地震科技合作交换了意见 ,并与韩国气象厅进行了工作会晤 ,宋瑞祥局长与韩国气象厅安明焕厅长签署了第三次中韩地震科技合作备忘录。在大田市 ,代表团考察了韩国地质资源研究院 ;在济州岛 ,代表团访问了济州市气象厅 ,并徒步考察了韩国第一高峰汉拿山 (火山 ,海拔 1 950m)。1　韩国政府高度重视地震监测工作和地震科学研究工作　　韩国是一个少地震国家 ,历史上最大只发生…     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.