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块状硫化物矿床成矿构造环境研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对VHMS型、SEDEX型和VSHMS型3种块状硫化物矿床近年来成矿构造环境研究进展进行了较全面的回顾.其中,VHMS型块状硫化物矿床重点对弧间裂谷及弧后盆地构造环境下矿床时空演化及分布规律、古代VHMS型块状硫化物矿床全球对比认识及沟-弧-盆体系下现代海底块状硫化物研究热点地区的岩石类型、组合及岩浆演化规律进行了总结;SEDEX型块状硫化物矿床重点对澳大利亚北部元古代SEDEX型块状硫化物矿床集中区近年来成矿动力学背景研究进展进行了介绍.指出该区巨大的SEDEX型矿床成矿构造环境不是以往认为的被动大陆边缘裂谷,而是汇聚板块地球动力学背景之下远离弧后的大陆拉张盆地.尤其值得关注的是不仅元古界SEDEX型矿床如此,而且那些古生代的典型SEDEX型矿床(如沙利文,红狗矿床)同样被认为具有相同的产出构造背景.同时认为此种构造背景形成的SEDEX型矿床具有更大的找矿价值;VSHMS型矿床是近十年来逐渐得到重视的一类块状硫化物矿床,矿化特征及成矿作用与以上两类矿床相似,但其成矿构造环境应当位于上述两类矿床的过渡部位,对构造环境判断具有重要的指示意义.因此,在汇聚板块动力学背景下,上述3种块状硫化物矿床,自板块边缘岛弧一侧向远离板块边缘的大陆内部,构成了一个很好的矿床分带或成矿序列,即从VHMS型→VSHMS型→SEDEX型. 相似文献
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阿舍勒火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)矿床是中国最大、最具代表性的VMS型Cu-Zn矿床, 但其结构模型仍缺乏系统的总结。在前人研究的基础上, 本次研究进行了野外调查、探槽剖面观察、岩芯采样, 基于观察到的大量钻孔剖面, 本文对阿舍勒矿床进行了解剖, 结果显示: (1)阿舍勒矿床矿石类型多样, 主要包括(致密)块状矿石、条带状矿石、层状矿石、角砾状矿石、浸染状矿石和网脉状矿石, 其中块状与层状矿石属于沉积相矿体, 而网脉状、角砾状矿石与部分浸染状矿石属于通道相矿体。(2) I号矿床包含3个喷流系统, 每个喷流系统都由沉积相与通道相组成。其中位于13线以北的矿体I-2主要为沉积相的块状矿体, 矿体上部的网脉状矿化蚀变带铜锌含量低、并被后期侵位的英安斑岩穿切; 主矿体I-1由2个较大的通道共同补给。(3)矿床喷流成矿具多阶段与叠置成矿特征, 晚期成矿作用交代早期矿体, 矿床顶部的铜锌矿层为后期富集交代而成。通道蚀变分带明显, 中心为硅化带与绿泥石化带, 两侧为绢云母化带; 通道相脉体也表现出垂向的变化特征, 从深部向层状矿体依次为稀疏浸染的微脉带、稀疏浸染的细脉带、中等浸染的粗脉带、稠密浸染的黄铁矿脉及块状黄铁矿。矿床侧向远端发育重晶石与含铁碧玉岩。在此基础上, 本文构建了阿舍勒Cu-Zn矿床结构模型, 探讨了阿舍勒矿床的成矿演化模型, 指出矿床的形成经历了漫长的演化历史, 包括(多期多阶段的)喷流沉积期、变质热液叠加期、剪切变形期和表生氧化期, 并在矿床形成后遭受了绿片岩相变质作用等后期的各种地质作用改造。
相似文献5.
新疆阿舍勒块状硫化物铜锌矿床,是一个正在勘探的大型富铜矿床,矿体呈厚大透镜状,具层控特征,矿体和围岩之间密度差较大。地面重力方法,理应是最有效的勘探方法,但是,由于阿舍勒矿区地质构造过分复杂,地下不同深度的多种密度体叠合在一起,往往掩盖了矿体所产生的重力异常。为了解决这个疑难问题,通过研究,选择适当的正交函数去进行拟合,实现目标信息分离,将成矿层位的重力异常从实测重力异常值中分离出来,勾绘出了矿区线状构造成矿带的轮廓,揭示了矿区构造;指出找矿方向,圈出11个重力异常,根据矿区矿石的最低密度大于围岩最高密度的实事,可以说:“凡有矿的地方必然显示出重力异常”。故使用本方法处理重力资料,在阿舍勒这类矿区,可具直接找矿效果。 相似文献
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新疆阿舍勒铜锌块状硫化物矿床成矿条件和成矿特点 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阿舍勒铜锌矿床是一个典型的火山岩型块状硫化物矿床。大陆边缘裂谷带是矿床形成的大地构造环境。早中泥盆世火山活动形成了含矿的双峰式火山岩套。矿床产于近喷发间歇期的石英角斑质角砾凝灰岩中,受火山洼地和同生断裂控制。 相似文献
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白银厂块状硫化物矿床成矿地球化学环境 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据稳定同位素地球化学和包裹体测试结果等资料阐述了成矿溶液的性质、成矿物理化学条件及成矿金属组分迁移、沉淀机制,用大本模式图解模拟了成矿过程中物化条件演化趋势,重溯了成矿时的地球化学环境,并在此基础上解释了白银厂矿床为Cu-Zn型矿床的原因。 相似文献
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块状硫化物矿床研究进展评述 总被引:23,自引:4,他引:23
最近十余年来,海底块状硫化物矿床的研究在如下方面有新的进展:矿床类型,矿化和蚀变特征,矿石结构-构造和变形-变质,矿床模式和成矿机制,金属和硫的来源,成矿流体的性质和来源,以及现代海盆地中的成矿作用等。 相似文献
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阿尔泰南缘典型块状硫化物矿床成矿环境浅析 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
新疆阿尔泰南缘产有较丰富的块状硫化物矿床,主要分为块状硫化物铜(锌)矿、块状硫化物铅锌矿、块状硫化物铜(金)矿等基本类型,其代表分别是阿舍勒铜(锌)矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、乔夏哈拉铜(金)矿,通过对这些矿床基本成矿特征及其矿环境的分析对比,认为它们形成于相同的成矿大地构造背景及相近的产出环境,但又有各自的富集部位及控矿因素,找矿标志也有差别,属于阿尔泰南缘陆缘裂谷带早-中泥盆世海底火山喷流-沉积环境下形成的同一成矿系列产物。 相似文献
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新疆阿舍勒铜锌矿床是典型的火山岩型块状硫化物矿床,近年来矿产勘查向深部和外围扩展,由于矿体的厚度较小、埋深大,传统的物化探方法勘查效果不佳,急需寻找快速有效的勘查技术方法。本文在阿舍勒铜锌矿床开展了系统的短波红外光谱(SWIR)勘查研究,结果显示,与矿(化)体关系密切的白云母具有的Al—OH吸收峰位小于2 205 nm,总体具有富Al的特征;与矿(化)体关系密切的绿泥石具有的Fe—OH吸收峰值集中在2 250 nm,具有富Mg特征;白云母结晶度在矿区由南到北呈逐渐升高的趋势,表明热液(矿化中心)主要来自于矿区北部。研究表明,短波红外光谱技术能快速有效地识别出蚀变矿物类型,确定蚀变矿物组合,指示蚀变分带规律;白云母和绿泥石吸收峰波长和白云母结晶度的变化规律,可以作为阿舍勒铜锌矿床找矿的新标志。 相似文献
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The Ashele Deposit: A Recently Discovered Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Cu-Zn Deposit in Xinjiang, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: The Ashele Cu-Zn deposit is a recently discovered volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. It is the largest Cu-Zn deposit in this type of deposits in China, which were formed in the early period of later Palaeozoic Era. This deposit is hosted within a suit of bimodal submarine volcanic rocks of the Ashele Formation of Lower-Middle Devonian System formed in an environment of paleocontinental margin rift setting. Lensoid orebodies occur between spilitic rocks developed at footwall and quartz-keratophyric tuff at hanging wall. Zonation of metal elements in the Ashele mine is one of typical volcanic-related exhalative Cu-Zn sulfide deposits in the world. Black ores enriched in Pb, Zn and Ag occurs on the top of the No. 1 orebody in the Ashele deposit, yellow ores enriched in Cu in the middle part, and the chalcopyritization stringer below the massive sulfide ores. Zonation of ore-structure in the No. 1 orebody is also apparent and corresponds to the zoning of elements, i. e. lamellar and/or banded sulfide-sulfate ores on the top, massive sulfide ores in the middle, and stockwork veinlets associated with altered breccia pipe on the bottom. Four epochs of mineralization in the Ashele deposit has been recognized. The first period of syngenetic-exhalative deposition of sulfides is the main epoch of mineralization, and the ores deposited subsequently subjected to thermo-metamorphism at the second epoch, superimposed by hydrothermal mineralization at the third epoch, and weathered or oxidized at the fourth epoch.
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
More than 100 categories of minerals have been recognized in the Ashele mine, but only pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, barite, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and calcite are dominant, making up various types of ores, and alteration pipes or horizons. Studies of ore petrology suggest that the massive ores were volcanogenic and deposited by exhalative process. 相似文献
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什根特铁矿赋存于康布铁堡组火山沉积岩系中,矿体呈层状、透镜状、脉状,受地层控制。同时发育矽卡岩及磁铁矿化。矿床形成经历了火山沉积期(主成矿期),岩浆热液期(矽卡岩型矿化)和区域变质期。火山沉积期和岩浆热液期退化蚀变阶段的磁铁矿均具有富Fe,贫Si、Ti、V、Mg、Mn特点;磁铁矿稀土元素配分模式和原始地幔标准化蛛网图具有相似曲线变化特征,指示火山沉积期和退化蚀变阶段的铁矿化具有相同的物质来源,即来自基性火山岩。早期矽卡岩阶段石榴子石中流体包裹体均一温度为160~403℃,集中在180~260℃,盐度集中在5%~9%(质量分数,Na Cleq,下同),δD介于-134‰~-125‰,δ18OH2O值为4.7‰~8.6‰,表明流体为岩浆水。石英碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体均一温度为140~536℃,主要集中在160~340℃,盐度集中在6%~16%,表明流体具有从高温演化到低温、中低盐度和中低密度的特征,石英的δD介于-98‰~-95‰,δ18OH2O值为-0.6‰~2.0‰,表明该阶段流体来自岩浆水混合大气降水。 相似文献
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塔什库尔干地区是新疆重要的沉积变质型铁矿矿集区.文章在对区内典型铁矿床及矿床地质特征综合分析的基础上研究了其成矿地质条件,认为古元古代火山沉积盆地内的海底火山作用为铁矿成矿提供了物质来源;后期岩浆侵入活动与磁铁矿层接触部位出现夕卡岩化使矿体进一步富集;褶皱作用使矿体产生局部增厚、减薄或尖灭;成矿后的断裂造成矿体沿走向的不连续.区内航磁异常的ΔT值大于200 nT,并有一定的延长,均与已发现的磁铁矿床相对应;地面磁异常500 nT以上的峰值带均为磁铁矿化引起的异常.Fe元素地球化学异常与古元古界布伦阔勒岩群完全吻合,布伦阔勒岩群是寻找沉积变质型磁铁矿床的主要层位. 相似文献
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The Thalanga volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposit occurs in the Cambro‐Ordovician Mt Windsor Subprovince in northern Queensland. The orebody comprises steeply dipping, stratiform, sheet‐like, polymetallic massive sulfide lenses. Overall, the volcanic facies architecture at Thalanga is dominated by quartz‐ and/or feldspar‐phyric lavas and synvolcanic intrusions that comprise coherent facies and in situ and resedimented autoclastic facies. Systematic phenocryst logging (mineralogy, abundance, size) has been used to discriminate separate emplacement units of rhyolite in the footwall and dacite in the hangingwall. Some of the petrographically different rhyolite and dacite types can also be distinguished using immobile‐element geochemistry. Rhyolitic lavas and intrusions in the footwall are weakly to strongly altered. Apparent clastic textures resulting from hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism are widely developed in the coherent facies. Genuine clastic textures are characterised by clasts with randomly oriented internal laminar or banded fabric (e.g. rotated, flow‐laminated clasts), marked and consistent differences in quartz phenocryst abundance and/or size range between clasts and matrix, and normal grading. Mass‐flow‐emplaced, rhyolitic breccia units delineate palaeo‐sea‐floor positions in the footwall that are potentially prospective for exhalative massive sulfide mineralisation. A comparison of the distribution of clastic and coherent facies with the geometry of strongly altered zones in the footwall indicates that intense hydrothermal fluid flow was independent of the facies arrangement. The massive sulfide lenses conformably overly altered footwall rhyolite and occur in a distinctive facies association which includes coarse quartz‐phenocryst‐rich rhyolitic sills with peperitic contacts and crystal‐rich polymictic breccia. The hangingwall to the orebody consists of largely unaltered dacitic lavas and synvolcanic intrusions and minor dacitic pumice breccia, dacitic breccia and polymictic volcanic breccia. The facies architecture shows that the Thalanga massive sulfide deposit formed in a below‐storm‐wave‐base depositional environment on top of an elevated, lava‐dominated, rhyolitic volcanic centre. A modern analogue for the setting of the Thalanga massive sulfide is the PACMANUS hydrothermal field on the crest of the dacite lava‐dominated Pual Ridge in the eastern Manus backarc basin (Papua New Guinea). 相似文献