Paleogeography and facies of the central and northeastern parts of the Moscow syneclise in the Devonian

New data on the stratigraphy and composition of the Devonian rocks of the Moscow Syneclise were used. Facies-paleogeographic schemes were compiled for the Lochkovian, Eifelian, Givetian, early-middle Frasnian, late Frasnian, and early-late Famennian evolutionary stages of the Moscow Syneclise. Seven sedimentation cycles were developed due to sealevel fluctuations and structural rearrangements in the paleooceanic basins surrounding the East European Platform at that time. The inference was made on the structural heterogeneity of the platform basement and on differentiated movements as well as on the strike-slip fault nature of some fragments of the basement relative to each other in the Devonian.     

Mineralogy and petrography of Riphean rocks in the Moscow graben

Based on the study of Upper Precambrian rocks penetrated by the Pavlovskii Posad parametric borehole in the 1770–4780 m interval, the Riphean succession is underlain by quartzose sandstones. The aulacogen within the Moscow Syneclise was covered by sediments accumulated during the intense chemical weathering of a peneplain. Above the 3550 m level, Upper Precambrian rocks comprise arkoses with abundant garnet. The immature (in terms of lithology and mineralogy) arkosic sequence was probably accumulated in grabenshaped structures (aulacogens).     

The Role of Deep Fluids in Crustal Subsidence of the Cratonic Interior: The Moscow Sedimentary Basin during the Late Devonian

Doklady Earth Sciences - Slow crustal subsidence nonuniform in time and space occurred in the sedimentary basin of the Moscow Syneclise during 20 Ma in the Late Devonian. On the cool Precambrian...     

Geology,mineralogy, and genesis of palygorskite clay from Borshchevka deposit in the Kaluga Region and outlook for its technological use

In this paper we consider localization and paleogeographic conditions of palygorskite deposition in the Moscow Syneclise, which is regarded as a palygorskite province. The geology and mineralogy of the Borshchevka deposit are also characterized. Mineralogical and chemical analyses of rocks from the Steshevo Horizon (C_1st), which is the most promising for palygorskite and associated smectite, have been carried out. The morphology and crystal structure of palygorskite varieties differing in origin are characterized, as well as possible use of palygorskite from the Borshchevka deposit as a drilling mud, foundry sand, and sorbent.     

Deep seismic investigation across the Barents–Kara region and Novozemelskiy Fold Belt (Arctic Shelf)

Since 1995 SEVMORGEO has collected wide-angle reflection/refraction profiling (WARRP), multichannel seismic data (MCS) and seismoacoustic profiling, along regional lines 1-AR, 2-AR and 3-AR. These lines cross the whole Barents–Kara Region and Novozemelskiy Fold Belt. As a result, new geological data about the deep structure of the Earth's crust have become available. Four main tectono-stratigraphic units are distinguished in the section of the Earth's crust: (1) a sedimentary cover; (2) the Upper Proterozoic (mainly Riphean for the Barents Plate) and Riphean–Paleozoic (the South-Kara Syneclise) deformed and folded complexes; (3) the upper crystalline crust (granite-gneissic metamorphic Archean–Proterozoic complex); (4) the lower crust (basalt complex). The Barents–Kara Region is characterized by moderately thinned continental and subcontinental crust with an average thickness of 37–39 km. On islands and areas of uplifts with ancient massifs, the thickness of the crust (38–42 km) approaches the typical crust for a continental platform. In the Novozemelskiy Fold Belt the thickness of the crust reaches 40–42 km. Rift-related grabens are characterized by significant crustal thinning with thicknesses of 33–36 km. Several grabens are revealed: the Riphean Graben on the Kola-Kanin Monocline, the Lower Paleozoic West-Kola Graben, the Devonian Demidovskiy Aulacogen, the Upper Paleozoic Malyginskiy Graben in the Barents Region and Upper Paleozoic–Triassic Noyabr'skiy and the Chekinskiy grabens in the Kara Region. Data concerning the deep structure lead us to conclude that mainly destructive processes contributed to the dynamics of the forming of the Barents–Kara Region.     

Structure of the precambrian sedimentary cover and upper part of the basement in the Central Russian Aulacogen and Orsha Depression (East European Platform)

The Precambrian sedimentary section and upper part of the basement of the Central Russian Aulacogen and Orsha Depression, two largest structures located beneath the Moscow Syneclise are analyzed. It has been established that the Late Riphean Central Russian Aulacogen was initiated on the Proterozoic crust of the Transcratonic belt that separates different-aged geological blocks of the East European Platform basement. The Orsha Depression is superposed both on sedimentary complexes of the aulacogen and rocks constituting structures surrounding the Transcratonic belt. Boundaries of the sedimentary cover and basement are outlined and a new structure (Toropets-Ostashkov Trough) is defined. The Precambrian section recovered by Borehole North Molokovo is proposed to serve as a reference one for the Central Russian Aulacogen. The CMP records demonstrate seismocomplexes, which allow one to trace rock members and sequences defined by drilling. Eight seismocomplexes, combination of which varies in different structures, are defined in the Upper Riphean-Vendian part of the sedimentary section. The section of the Central Russian Aulacogen includes the following sedimentary complexes: dominant gray-colored arkoses (R₃¹), variegated arkoses (R₃²), red-colored arkoses (R₃³), and volcanosedimentary rocks (V₁²). The section of the Orsha Depression consists of dominant red-colored quartz sandstones (R₃⁴), glacial and interglacial (V₁¹), and variegated volcanogenic-terrigenous sediments. The upper seismocomplex (V₂) is composed of terrigenous and terrigenous-carbonate rocks. It represents the basal unit of the Moscow Syneclise, which marks the plate stage in development of the East European Platform. The upper part of the basement corresponds to a seismocomplex (Pr₁) represented by dynamometamorphosed rocks that form a tectonic mélange. Analysis of the lateral and vertical distribution of the defined seismocomplexes made it possible to specify the structure of the Riphean-Vendian part of the sedimentary cover and to revise their formation history in some cases.     

Zirconium-titanium placers of the Voronezh Anteclise: Types,epochs and factors of formation,and forecast

The early and late Frasnian, Barremian-Aptian, Cenomanian, early Santonian, early Campanian, and Oligocene-Miocene epochs of the formation of various types of zirconium-titanium placers are distinguished in the Voronezh Anteclise. The factors of their formation are considered, and a forecast of prospecting has been made. Lower Frasnian sedimentary rocks occur in the southeast, where the placers are related to the ilmenite-bearing volcanosedimentary rocks of the Yastrebovo Sequence. The upper Frasnian productive quartz sand of the Petino Sequence occurs in the central part of the Voronezh Anteclise. The Barremian-Aptian productive quartz sand and kaolinite clay occur in the northern and northeastern parts of the anteclise (Ryazan and Lipetsk oblasts). The placers formed in the Cenomanian are known in the Tambov oblast in the northeast of the Voronezh Anteclise and are related to phosphate-bearing glauconite-quartz sand. The early Campanian phosphorite-glauconite-quartz formation is widespread in the northwest of the Voronezh Anteclise at the junction with the northeastern wall of the Dnieper-Donets Basin (Bryansk oblast). The Oligocene-Miocene epoch was characterized by quartz sands abundant in the northwestern and south-western areas. The formation of zirconium-titanium placers is controlled by structural-tectonic, facies, volcanic, paleogeographic, stratigraphic, and evolutional factors. The indispensable condition for heavy mineral concentration is existence of positive forms of underwater topography. These are mostly structural elements of the third and fourth orders on the slopes of the Voronezh Anteclise at the boundaries of the adjacent negative structures. As concerns the facies factor, the occurrence of coastal and shallow-water marine facies with alternating and medium hydrodynamic activity and predominance of sand fractions 0.25–0.05 mm are criteria of elevated concentration of heavy minerals in sand. One of the conditions providing concentration of heavy minerals is a multiple rewashing of sands close to a relatively stable shoreline. The volcanic factor is determinant for the lower Frasnian marine placers fed by volcanic sources. The Cretaceous and Paleogene zirconium-titanium placers were formed owing to scouring of the older Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Voronezh Anteclise, as well as the Baltic Shield, Moscow Syneclise, and the Volga-Ural Anteclise. The age of placers was estimated with accuracy up to substages (lower Aptian, lower Santonian, lower Campanian). The evolution factor is expressed in variation of localization and composition of placers in time and space. The forecast of potentially ore-bearing areas is based on optimal combinations of favorable factors.     

塔里木盆地南部玛东早古生代褶皱-冲断带

玛东褶皱-冲断带位于塔里木盆地南部,走向NE-SW,由NW向SE方向冲断。褶皱冲断带发育于寒武-奥陶系,以中寒武统膏-盐层为主滑脱面。中志留统及其以上地层不整合于褶皱冲断带之上。它是世界上保存最好的早古生代褶皱冲断带之一。根据卷入变形最新地层、不整合于褶皱-冲断带之上的最老地层和上奥陶统上部的生长地层,玛东褶皱-冲断带的变形时间为晚奥陶世-早志留世。玛东褶皱-冲断带与其东南侧的塘南褶皱-冲断带同为塔里木盆地南缘早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带的组成部分,塘南褶皱-冲断带是该早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带主体的残余,其向NW的主冲断方向代表该前陆褶皱-冲断带的主冲断方向;玛东褶皱-冲断带是该早古生代前陆褶皱-冲断带的前锋,其向SE的冲断具有反冲性质。它们是昆仑早古生代造山作用的重要记录,也是昆仑早古生代碰撞造山带的组成部分,现今保存最好的部分。     

海平面波动中的岩溶响应——以塔里木盆地牙哈-英买力地区下古生界为例

岩溶成因碳酸盐岩油气储层的展布预测,是全球石油地质家一直在探索的热点问题之一。下古生界岩溶型碳酸盐岩储层是盆地内极有潜力赋存大油气田的储集体。本文以岩溶类型研究为基础、以海平面波动史构建为切入点、以塔里木盆地下古生界为例,开展了海平面波动中的岩溶响应研究。分析表明,塔里木盆地早古生代海平面下降期均发育了准同生岩溶。准同生岩溶为埋藏岩溶和风华壳岩溶提供了良好的溶蚀介质输导孔隙。地球物理资料显示,塔北下奥陶统的两期风化壳岩溶叠加于先期的准同生岩溶作用之上。海平面波动史的重建及岩溶格架分析表明,塔里木地区早古生代海平面波动与岩溶发育呈现良好的耦合关系。海平面变化是控制塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶储层发育的一个重要的因素。     

Prospective prediction and exploration situation of marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic oil and gas in the South Yellow Sea

The South Yellow Sea Basin is a large sedimentary basin superimposed by the Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine sedimentary basin and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentary basin, where no oil and gas fields have been discovered after exploration for 58 years. After the failure of oil and gas exploration in terrestrial basins, the exploration target of the South Yellow Sea Basin turned to the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata. After more than ten years’ investigation and research, a lot of achievements have been obtained. The latest exploration obtained effective seismic reflection data of deep marine facies by the application of seismic exploration technology characterized by high coverage, abundant low-frequency components and strong energy source for the deep South Yellow Sea Basin. In addition, some wells drilled the Middle-Upper Paleozoic strata, with obvious oil and gas shows discovered in some horizons. The recent petroleum geological research on the South Yellow Sea Basin shows that the structure zoning of the marine residual basin has been redetermined, the basin structure has been defined, and 3 seismic reflection marker layers are traceable and correlatable in the residual thick Middle-Paleozoic strata below the continental Meso-Cenozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin. Based on these, the seismic sequence of the marine sedimentary strata was established. According to the avaliable oil and gas exploration and research, the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic oil and gas prospects of the South Yellow Sea were predicted as follows. (1) The South Yellow Sea Basin has the same sedimentary formation and evolution history during the sedimentary period of the Middle-Paleozoic marine basin with the Sichuan Basin. (2) There are 3 regional high-quality source rocks. (3) The carbonate and clastic reservoirs are developed in the Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata. (4) The three source-reservoir-cap assemblages are relatively intact. (5) The Laoshan Uplift is a prospect area for the Lower Paleozoic oil and gas, and the Wunansha Uplift is one for the marine Upper Paleozoic oil and gas. (6) The Gaoshi stable zone in the Laoshan Uplift is a favorable zone. (7) The marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin has the geological conditions required to form large oil and gas fields, with remarkable oil and gas resources prospect. An urgent problem to be addressed now within the South Yellow Sea Basin is to drill parametric wells for the Lower Paleozoic strata as the target, to establish the complete stratigraphic sequence since the Paleozoic period, to obtain resource evaluation parameters, and to realize the strategic discovery and achieve breakthrough in oil and gas exploration understanding.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Isotopic Characteristics and Key Factors Favoring the Formation of Fuwan Super-large Silver Deposit in Guangdong Province

Rb-Sr isochron age of fluid inclusions in quartz from the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is 68 - 6 Ma, the silver deposit is characterized by high μ values (10.67 - 10.95 ), which are much higher than those of the ore-hosted Paleozoic strata and are close to those of ores hosted in the Proterozoic metamorphic basement in western Guangdong Province. Based on the Pb isotopic characteristics, coupled with much high background silver contents (200-1000ng/g) in the Proterozoic basement and relatively low silver contents in the Paleozoic strata in the region of the Sanshui Basin, it is concluded that the ore-forming material of the super-large silver deposit came mainly from the old basement. The super-large silver deposit related genetically to the intense volcanic activities during the Upper Cretaceous to Eogene. The formation of the Fuwan super-large silver deposit is controlled by the following favorable geological conditions : ( 1 ) The intersection of deep faults and contemporaneous faults at the margin of the Sanshui Basin led to the formation of an excellent structure as passageway for ore fluids; (2) The special ore-hosted rock association forms a ore gathering-trap structure that favors the precipitation of ore; (3) The silver-rich old basement, multi-stage mineralization and multi-episode volcanic activities which constitute a geothermal convection system.     

Deep CMP seismic surveying along the Tatseis-2003 geotraverse across the Volga-Ural petroliferous province

The objective, methods, and main results of deep CMP seismic surveying along the Tatseis-2003 geotraverse are discussed. This geotraverse crosses the Volga-Ural petroliferous province from the northwest to the southeast for more than 1000 km and is linked with the well-known Uralseis-95 geotraverse by an additional profile. The main objective of this surveying was to study the structure of sedimentary cover and the Earth’s crust as a whole in the North Tatar Arch, Kazan-Kazhim Trough, Kotel’nich Arch, and the southeastern Moscow Syneclise in comparison with the petroliferous South Tatar Arch. The applied technology (telemetric stations, powerful vibrators, a 12-km spread, a common midpoint fold of 60, and a recording time of 20 s), the planning of seismic exploration with consideration of the available geological and geophysical information, and special processing of the data—all this provided the high-quality time sections that allowed solution of the geologic problems. The main scientific and applied results of the investigations are establishment of the links between petroleum resource potential of the sedimentary cover and the structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. These data are of basic importance and testify to the considerable role of deep factors in the formation of hydrocarbon fields. After these factors are tested in other regions, the revealed indications may be used in petroleum exploration. The tectonic nature of inclined reflectors in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle is substantiated. It is shown that the near-vertical dynamic anomalies are caused by real geologic bodies. A complex of investigations is proposed for their further interpretation. The deep seismic surveying along the geotraverse fulfilled its task completely. At the same time, the results obtained allow recommending lines of further research and their methods. It would be expedient to perform generalizing scientific research aimed at coordinating the Uralseis-95 and Tatseis-2003 geotraverses in order to develop a common profile from the Urals to the Moscow Syneclise, provide complex interpretation of these data, and integrate the results of the previously performed deep CMP seismic surveying.     

渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布及油气意义

近年来,由于全球资源量的需求增多,作为勘探程度较低的渭河盆地受到了越来越多学者的关注。而制约渭河盆地油气勘探的主要矛盾是缺乏烃源岩,若盆地存在上古生界烃源岩,则具有重要油气地质意义,可为氦载体气成藏提供物质基础。为了研究渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布特征,本文系统收集、整理了渭河盆地及周缘已有地球物理资料,结合地质、地震、钻井、地球化学等研究成果,明确了研究区上古生界残留地层分布,通过对比盆地南北缘上古生界烃源岩特征,探讨渭河盆地内部上古生界天然气勘探潜力。结果表明,渭河盆地内确实存在上古生界地层,主要位于西安凹陷和固市凹陷内,固市凹陷中煤系地层的厚度较西安凹陷大,且厚度较大处靠近南部。烃源岩产生的甲烷气通过盆地内大量的断裂运移到新生界断层封闭的圈闭构造中成藏,新生代地层中发育优质的储盖组合,新近系张家坡组上部分布大范围的湖泛沉积泥岩,构成了良好的区域性盖层,为天然气提供了有利的保存条件。此外,天然气藏的存在可为盆地内氦气成藏提供基础条件。对渭河盆地基底气源岩认识的深化,为鄂尔多斯周缘盆地群油气基础地质调查提供重要的借鉴意义。     

Middle–Late Paleozoic Duplex Rifting of the Barents Continental Margin and the Role Played in Formation of the East Barents Megabasin

Based on analysis and interpretation of seismic and other geological-geophysical data, duplex rifting is identified in the Paleozoic evolution of the South Barents Basin. Its first, pre–Late Devonian, phase was manifested on the southeastern side zone that limited the Pechora Plate structures. After a certain pause, a second, pre–Late Carboniferous phase involved the western Barents Sea region, including the slope of the Central Barents Rise and the western South Barents Basin. Thus, Late Paleozoic riftogenic structures in the western and southeastern South Barents Basin formed at different times. All this caused an asymmetric structure profile and asynchronicity of evolution of the rift system sides. In the Mesozoic, under the effect of formation of the Novaya Zemlya fold-and-thrust structure, the asymmetry of the riftogenic trough became even more contrasting.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气藏类型辨析

针对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气藏是否为深盆气藏的问题,从成藏条件、成藏期次和气水分布特征等方面与典型的加拿大阿尔伯达深盆气藏进行综合对比。研究结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气藏烃源岩分布广泛、生气中心不明显、生气速率较低、持续供气条件较差且供气分散,难以形成满足深盆气藏气驱水的动力;储层物性差、非均质性强、展布方向与构造走向一致且上倾方向为物性较差的致密层,不具备深盆气藏储层向上倾方向物性变好的条件;源储配置样式为"自生自储"式和"垂向叠置"式,由于砂体规模小、分布不连续,源储接触局限,不具备深盆气藏源储大面积接触的特征;天然气发生3期成藏,在盆地埋藏期与抬升期均可成藏,成藏时间较早,后期气藏调整改造强烈,不具备深盆气藏的保存条件。气水分布主要受储层物性和区域构造控制,分布复杂、分异不明显,没有气驱水形成的"气水倒置"界面。成藏特征综合对比分析表明鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气藏并非深盆气藏,应为主要由储层物性控制的岩性气藏,该区油气勘探应以优质储层研究为重点。     

Deep structure of the southeastern part of the East European Platform

The results of CMP seismic data acquisition along regional deep profiles that cross large tectonic elements in the east of the East European Platform are considered. It has been established that the Zhiguli-Pugachev Arch and the Stavropol Depression (southern part of the Melekess Basin), as well as the Volga-Kama Anteclise and Pericaspian Syneclise, conjugate along reverse-thrust faults extending to the lower crust and Moho discontinuity. The position of the southeastern reverse-thrust boundary of the South Tatar Arch has been substantially specified in plan view and illustrated by seismic sections. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that reverse-thrust faults of different orders are widespread in petroleum provinces in the east of the East European Platform, and this suggestion should be used in geological exploration. The CMP seismic data acquisition is efficient in studying the junction zones of large tectonic elements. It also provides insights into the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and its relationship to the structure and petroleum potential of the sedimentary cover and localization of oilfields. It is expedient to reprocess and integrate earlier seismic data in order to compile tectonic (tectonodynamic) regional maps on a new methodical basis.     

Water–Rock Interaction in Vendian Sandy–Clayey Rocks of the Mezen Syneclise

Based on specific features of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the Mezen Syneclise, the trend and quantitative estimates of compositional changes of groundwaters in Vendian sandy–clayey rocks in different hydrodynamic zones are given.     

塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡尉犁断鼻构造的构造特征与形成演化

孔雀河斜坡位于塔里木盆地的东北部,其成因与南天山和阿尔金山的地质作用密切相关。尉犁断鼻构造位于孔雀河斜坡西北部,完整地记录了孔雀河斜坡的构造演化历史,该断鼻构造特征的解析对揭示塔里木盆地东北缘早古生代以来的地球动力学背景具有重要的意义。本文利用断层相关褶皱理论,通过对过孔雀河斜坡尉犁断鼻构造带地震剖面的精细解释,分析了该断鼻构造的构造特征与形成演化,并讨论了其成因机制。尉犁断鼻构造在北西-南东向上为一古生界背斜,北西翼较陡,南东翼稍缓,背斜核部上古生界被剥蚀,并被后期由北向南的冲断层所切割。该构造主要反映了3期构造事件的叠加:中奥陶世-晚奥陶世,受北西-南东向挤压应力的影响,形成了北东-南西向展布的背斜; 志留纪-二叠纪,受南天山洋消减、闭合向南产生的挤压应力的影响,尉犁背斜北部持续地抬升剥蚀,形成鼻状构造; 侏罗纪,燕山早期运动影响了古生界和中生界,并使得北西西走向的南冲断层重新活动,错断了先存的鼻状构造。研究认为,尉犁断鼻构造北东-南西向展布的背斜在中奥陶世就开始形成,其主应力可能来自盆地东南的阿尔金山方向,与北阿尔金洋在加里东期运动时的俯冲与碰撞造山对该区域的远程挤压作用有关; 伴随着基底叠瓦构造往北西方向前展,背斜向北西移动了104 km,基底缩短率为48.4％。     

The terminal Permian in European Russia: Vyaznikovian Horizon,Nedubrovo Member,and Permian–Triassic boundary

The comprehensive analysis of the data obtained on terrestrial vertebrata, ostracods, entomologic fauna, megaflora, and microflora in deposits of the Vyaznikovian Horizon and Nedubrovo Member, as well as the paleomagnetic data measured in enclosing rocks, confirms heterogeneity of these deposits. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish these two stratons in the terminal Permian of the East European Platform. The combined sequence of Triassic–Permian boundary deposits in the Moscow Syneclise, which is considered to be the most complete sequence in the East European Platform, is as follows (from bottom upward): Vyatkian deposits; Vyaznikovian Horizon, including Sokovka and Zhukovo members; Nedubrovo Member (Upper Permian); Astashikha and Ryabi members of the Vokhmian Horizon (Lower Triassic). None of the sequences of Permian–Triassic boundary deposits known in the area of study characterizes this sequence in full volume. In the north, the Triassic deposits are underlain by the Nedubrovo Member; in the south (the Klyazma River basin), the sections are underlain by the Vyaznikovian Horizon. The Permian–Triassic boundary adopted in the General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia for continental deposits of the East European platform (the lower boundary of the Astashikha Member) is more ancient than the one adopted in the International Stratigraphic Chart. The same geological situation is observed in the German Basin and other localities where Triassic continental deposits are developed. The ways of solving this problem are discussed in this article.     

鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及其对盖层控制作用

基底演化过程与其上覆沉积盖层的发展密切相关,因而可以通过盖层与基底的构造格局对比分析来推断基底演化的主要阶段,并进一步讨论盆地基底演化与盖层变形之间的相互作用。研究发现,鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化与自身结构和受力方式均有密切关系,同时对盖层变形有重要控制作用。早古生代在南北向洋-陆碰撞背景下,基底受自身组成结构制约在盆地内部发育了北东向隆坳相间的构造格局,晚古生代受南北向陆-陆碰撞的影响而在早期北东向展布的隆坳构造基础上叠加了南北向的中央古隆起,由于此时厚度较小,盖层的整体格局与局部形态都受控于基底的构造格局。至中生代燕山期,盆地受到了东西向挤压作用,基底内部形态基本保持不变,盆地基底边缘有明显的垂向活动,具体表现为东升西降;此时盖层发育已较为完整,因此更多地体现了相对孤立演化的特征,但其“跷跷板”式的运动总体上仍受到基底边缘升降活动的控制。