湘东南太和仙铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

太和仙铅锌矿床位于东南地洼区之南岭成矿带中段,为了了解其流体性质及演化,探讨成矿机制,通过现场调查,对矿区不同成矿阶段的矿石进行了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。该矿区成矿作用分为3个阶段,依次为石英-黄铁矿毒砂阶段(早阶段)、石英-铅锌多金属硫化物阶段(中阶段)、石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(晚阶段)。包裹体研究表明:矿床中主要发育富液相水溶液包裹体(Ia型)、富气相水溶液包裹体(Ib型)、CO_2包裹体(Ⅱ型)、含CO_2的三相水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型)4类。早阶段中均一温度为235~349℃,盐度为2.03%~7.44%(NaCleq,质量分数,下同);中阶段包裹体均一温度为159~272℃,盐度为1.39%~10.86%;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为128~205℃,盐度为1.39%~7.58%。激光拉曼探针测试表明,3个阶段中包裹体的组分主要为H2O,其次有少量CO_2和还原性气体CH4、N2。早阶段成矿流体在演化过程中发生了不混溶作用,表现为CO_2等气相成分的逸失是导致金属元素沉淀富集的主要因素。中阶段成矿流体在演化过程中发生不同流体间的混合作用,表现在以大气降水及层间水的混入是导致大量金属元素沉淀成矿的主要因素。晚阶段流体以大气降水为主,推测可能流体自然冷却致使成矿元素沉淀富集。     

四川木里梭罗沟金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

四川木里梭罗沟金矿床是产于甘孜-理塘金矿带南端的大型金矿床。矿体产于近东西向断裂控制的构造蚀变带内,矿石类型主要为蚀变蚀变玄武岩矿石、凝灰岩矿石。由深部至浅部,依次发育硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、碳酸盐化蚀变。流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-他形黄铁矿组合、石英-五角十二面体黄铁矿-毒砂组合和石英-碳酸盐±少量立方体黄铁矿组合为标志。矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段,五角十二面体黄铁矿和毒砂是主要的载金矿物。早阶段热液石英中发育CO_2-H_2O型包裹体(C型)和水溶液包裹体(W型),中、晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体(W型)。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于251～371℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为3.3%～13.7%;中阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于187～294℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为1.6%～13.9%;晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于144～224℃,盐度w(NaCleq)介于0.2%～10.6%之间。估算的早阶段流体捕获压力为102～343 MPa,推测最大成矿深度为10～11 km。上述流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体由早阶段中高温、富CO_2的变质热液演化至晚阶段的低温、贫CO_2的大气降水热液;流体温度降低、CO_2逃逸是控制成矿物质沉淀的主要因素。矿床地质及流体包裹体特征指示梭罗沟金矿床可能为断控造山型金矿床。     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.     

河南省栾川县石窑沟钼矿床地质特征和流体包裹体研究

为探讨石窑沟钼矿床的矿床成因,本文开展了系统的地质及成矿流体特征研究。根据矿脉穿切关系,将热液成矿过程分为早、中、晚3个阶段,其矿物组合分别为石英-钾长石-黄铁矿-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-方解石±黄铁矿。研究发现,成矿早、中阶段产出的石英中有水溶液包裹体、纯CO2包裹体、H2O-CO2类包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,而成矿晚阶段产出的石英中仅有水溶液包裹体;对不同阶段包裹体的显微测温和激光拉曼测试结果显示,成矿早阶段成矿流体以高温、高盐度、高氧化性、富CO2为特征;中阶段流体发生沸腾,导致CO2逃逸,还原性增强,成矿物质沉淀;晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO2为特征。流体沸腾可能是引起辉钼矿沉淀的重要原因。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床流体包裹体研究

内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床位于华北板块北缘增生型造山带,石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体受 EW 向韧-脆性剪切带控制。成矿过程分为三个阶段:早阶段石英-黄铁矿,乳白色石英和粗粒黄铁矿变形、破碎;中阶段多金属硫化物充填胶结早阶段变形、破碎的石英角砾和黄铁矿裂隙;晚阶段为石英-碳酸盐细脉,穿切早中阶段脉体和矿物组合。冷热台显微测温结果显示,早阶段石英中原生流体包裹体的均一温度为248℃～380℃,盐度为4.34%～6.59%,次生包裹体均一温度为180℃～260℃,盐度为3.23%～4.18%NaCl eqv;中阶段石英中原生包裹体的均一温度变化范围为215℃～241℃,盐度为2.90%～4.18%NaCl eqv,与早阶段次生流体包裹体一致;晚阶段石英细脉和方解石中的流体包裹体均一温度为137℃～181℃,盐度为0.50% ～2.00%NaCl eqv。激光拉曼测试结果表明,流体包裹体气相成分为 CO_2、CH_4和 N_2。成矿流体为低盐度、低密度、富 CO_2的流体,当这种流体到达剪切带时,由于压力骤然降低发生以 CO_2逸失为特征的沸腾作用,导致成矿流体过饱和,成矿物质快速沉淀下来形成矿床。白乃庙铜金矿床成矿流体及矿床地质特征与造山型矿床一致,确证了造山型铜矿的存在并提供了实例。     

滇西北卓玛Cu--Pb--Zn矿床成矿流体特征

卓玛矿床位于云南香格里拉格咱弧东北部,属斑岩-热液脉型铜多金属矿床。矿体主要赋存于矿区石英二长斑岩内及附近,严格受NW向断裂控制。卓玛矿床的形成经历了黄铁矿-石英(Ⅰ)、黄铁矿±黄铜矿--石英(Ⅱ)、黄铁矿±黄铜矿±方铅矿±闪锌矿-石英(Ⅲ)及贫硫化物-石英-碳酸盐(Ⅳ)四个成矿阶段。通过对各成矿阶段研究样品石英颗粒中的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温学及激光拉曼光谱研究,探讨卓玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体特征,结果表明:Ⅰ阶段石英中主要发育富CO_2及气液两相型包裹体;Ⅱ阶段石英中主要发育碳质、富CO_2、含CO_2及气液两相4种类型包裹体;Ⅲ阶段石英中主要发育含CO_2及气液两相型包裹体;Ⅳ阶段石英中主要发育富CO_2、含CO_2及气液两相3种类型包裹体。激光拉曼光谱显示碳质包裹体主要成分为CO_2和CH_4,而CO_2包裹体中除CO_2和CH_4气相成分外,还有部分H_2O。因此,综合研究结果显示卓玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体为中温、低盐度的CO_2--CH_4-Na Cl--H_2O体系热液。成矿过程中,流体温度和盐度数值略有降低趋势,成矿流体的不混溶作用是导致成矿物质大量卸载的关键因素。     

阿尔泰南缘托库孜巴依金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化

新疆西北部的托库孜巴依(巴依)金矿床位于西伯利亚古板块南缘,阿尔泰陆缘活动带克兰弧后盆地与哈巴河弧间盆地接壤处。本次研究在前人成果基础上,通过详细的野外调查、室内显微观察、流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼成分分析和氢-氧同位素分析等多种方法,揭示了巴依金矿各成矿阶段流体特征、成矿热液来源和流体演化过程。根据野外矿脉空间分布、穿插关系、矿物组合及结构构造等特征,结合流体包裹体研究,本文将巴依金矿的成矿作用划分为4个阶段:石英-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅰ),主要发育富液相包裹体,均一温度范围在3529～4134℃区间,盐度范围为73%～147%NaCleqv,平均为104%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ),该阶段主要发育富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体以及含子晶包裹体,均一温度范围为1860～3398℃,盐度变化范围为27%～443%NaCleqv,平均为92%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅲ)主要发育富液相包裹体和含(富)CO_2三相水溶液包裹体,均一温度范围为1410～1864℃(富液相包裹体),盐度范围较大,介于0～88%NaCleqv之间;石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ),流体包裹体以富液相为主,均一温度范围1020～1400℃,盐度范围为02%～43%NaCleqv。该矿床从成矿早阶段到成矿晚阶段温度-盐度整体呈下降趋势,在主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)出现流体沸腾现象。各成矿阶段δ~(18)O、δD同位素变化范围分别为:成矿早阶段(Ⅰ)531‰和-8510‰;主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)-153‰～150‰和-974‰～-811‰;成矿晚阶段(Ⅳ)-352‰～-342‰和-939‰～-871‰,成矿流体主要是早阶段的变质水与中晚阶段加入的大气水混合而成。巴依金矿成矿流体表现为一套中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2流体体系,符合造山型金矿成矿流体特征。综合矿床地质研究,本文认为在晚石炭世-二叠纪喀拉通克岛弧与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山构造体制下,流体混合、压力降低和沸腾作用是巴依金矿床富集成矿的主要机制。     

河南省栾川南泥湖斑岩型钼钨矿床流体包裹体研究

河南省栾川县南泥湖超大型钼钨矿床形成于秦岭造山带的燕山期大陆碰撞体制,流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±辉钼矿±黄铁矿、石英+多金属硫化物±碳酸盐和石英+碳酸盐+萤石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段.早、中阶段石英中可见纯CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于350～460℃,盐度为5.68 wt%～17.87 wt% NaCl.eqv.中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在250～380℃,盐度为3.00 wt%～38.16 wt% NaCl.eqv;中阶段多相包裹体中常见石盐、黄铜矿和未知种类的子矿物,指示流体具有沸腾所致的还原性、过饱和特征;盐度相差悬殊的含子晶多相包裹体、富气相水溶液包裹体和富液相水溶液包裹体共存,在相近温度下异相均一,表明流体沸腾的存在.晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115～265℃,盐度介于0.53 wt%～1.23 wt%NaCl.eqv之间.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为70～300MPa和30～150MPa,推测成矿深度约为3km.总之,成矿流体具高温、高盐度、高氧逸度、富CO_2的特征;流体沸腾导致CO_2逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质沉淀.     

内蒙古太平沟钼矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿动力学背景

太平沟斑岩型钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,处于东西向古生代古亚洲构造成矿域和北北东向中新生代滨西太平洋构造成矿域的转换、叠合部位.该矿床形成于131.5～127.5Ma,是大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,成矿系统发育于早白垩世初期华北及中国东部构造体制由挤压向伸展转变的背景下.太平沟钼矿的流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿、石英-黄铁矿-辉钼矿和石英-碳酸盐组合为特征.石英中发育水溶液型、含/富CO_2型和含子矿物型流体包裹体,子矿物包括石盐、黄铜矿等,但晚阶段仅发育水溶液型包裹体.成矿早、中、晚各阶段流体包裹体的均一温度分别集中在320～390℃、240～320℃和140～200℃,盐度变化为从＞66.8 wt%NaCl eqv.、2.4 wt%～33.8 wt% NaCl eqv.到＜10 wt%NaCl eqv..流体系统由早阶段的高温、高盐度、富CO_2的岩浆热液,经流体沸腾、CO_2逸失、温度降低等过程导致大量金属硫化物沉淀,演化为晚阶段低温、低盐度、贫CO_2的大气降水热液.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿集区三道岔金矿床成矿流体来源与演化——流体包裹体和H-O同位素的制约

夹皮沟金矿集区位于华北克拉通北缘东段与兴蒙造山带的拼贴部位,是我国最主要的产金地之一。然而该区金矿床的成矿流体来源和矿床成因类型目前仍存有广泛争议;此外,成矿过程中流体的演化以及成矿机制方面也有待深入研究。为解决上述问题,本文选取该区规模最大且最具代表性的三道岔金矿床为研究对象,在详细野外工作的基础上,对不同成矿阶段的石英开展了系统的流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼光谱分析以及H-O同位素测试。矿床地质和岩相学特征表明,三道岔金矿床的成矿过程可以划分为(Ⅰ)乳白色石英阶段、(Ⅱ)石英-黄铁矿阶段、(Ⅲ)石英-多金属硫化物阶段和(Ⅳ)石英-碳酸盐阶段,其中阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ代表成矿主阶段。在各阶段石英中识别出3种类型的原生流体包裹体,依次为水溶液包裹体(NaCl-H₂O,W型)、含CO₂水溶液包裹体(NaCl-H₂O-CO₂,C型)和纯CO₂包裹体(PC型)。早阶段与主阶段石英均捕获C型和W型包裹体,主阶段石英还发育少量PC型包裹体,而晚阶段石英中仅见W型包裹体。早、主、晚阶段流体包裹体的均...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861