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1.
活动星系核(AGN)是宇宙中最奇特的天体之一。它是真正意义上的全波天体,其中X射线波段的发射功率占到全波段功率的50%左右。AGN的X射线辐射研究涉及天体物理中的最基本问题,例如能量产生、辐射机制和宇宙论等,而Chandra X射线卫星的高分辨率图像和光谱对这一研究有着重要作用。以Chandra卫星的部分观测结果为例,简要介绍了几类不同类型AGN的X射线辐射研究进展:(1)宽吸收线类星体APM08279+5255(z=3.91)的X射线谱分析,以及高红移类星体的观测概况;(2)Seyfert星系NGC 4151延展X射线发射问题的解决,及NGC 1068X射线辐射与光学波段的高激发态发射线([OⅢ]λ5007)有很强相关性的发现;(3)6个BLLac天体样本的X射线环境分析;(4)射电星系X射线喷流的观测等。 相似文献
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小质量X射线双星在6-7keV的铁发射线具有一些明显观测特征,如谱线展宽、红移和轮廓非对称性。这些性质可能是由高价Fe离子发射线光子穿过致密天体周围较“冷”等离子体介质时的康普软化过程所造成,本文按此模型求解了康普软化扩散方程,所得理论谱线轮廓与观测线拟合得很好。拟合参量(等离子体的汤姆孙散射光深)取为τe~3,由此定出散射等离子体电子密度Ne≈10^16cm^-3,散射球半径R≈10^9cm. 相似文献
3.
本文收集了射电源表1Jy,S4 ,S5 中的活动星系核的宽发射线数据,发现射电活动星系核的宽发射线与5GHz 射电辐射强相关。BLLac 天体具有较弱的宽发射线辐射,但具有与其它活动星系核类似的统计行为。结果表明射电活动星系核中的喷流与吸积过程存在本质联系。 相似文献
4.
用径移主导吸积流模型(ADAF)不仅可以成功解释很多低吸积率天体的连续谱辐射,也可以说明X射线波段的谱线发射,而后者目前尚少有讨论。以黑洞X射线双星GX339-4处在低吸积率的宁静态情况为例,计算了它的铁线发射,表明在ADAF情况下的确可以产生足够强的可以在观测上检测的类氢和类氦铁Kα线。 相似文献
5.
XPer的新发射相:光谱与红外观测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XPer的新发射相:光谱与红外观测杭恒荣,夏剑萍中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210008中国科学院光学天文联合实验室关键词Be星/X射线双星,发射线,JHK测光1引言XPer是一颗Be/X射线双星(4U0352+30)的光学对应体[1-3],中子星的... 相似文献
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本文分析了南京大学太阳塔1991年10月24日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率(5s)的一个2N/X2.1级白光耀斑光谱.对耀斑谱线轮廓、连续发射强度、X射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比,分析表明,该耀斑属Ⅰ类白光耀斑,具有如下特征:(1)在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间,各波段光谱线心强度、连续辐射、谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬X射线高能波段的爆发同时达到极大;(2)H_a谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达10A,且呈现强烈的线心反转,H_β和H_γ线心亦有反转;(3)所拍摄的5条谱线都有明显的红不对称性,持续时间约为1分钟,根据上述结果,本文用电子束轰击、色球蒸发和色球压缩区对该耀斑能量积聚和释放的动力学机制作了定性的分析和解释。 相似文献
9.
本文详细分析了1974年9月10日白光耀斑的光谱资料,并利用Non-LTE理论计算了它的半经验大气模型和辐射损失。由光谱测量得到:(1)连续辐射强度在巴耳末系限(3647)附近发生跳跃。在极大时刻,巴耳末跳跃可达约11%;(2)该耀斑有强而宽的巴耳末谱线发射,其高项巴耳末谱线轮廓的全半宽随主量子数n而变化,在8<n<9达到极小;(3)连续辐射极大时刻同微波爆发极大相一致,比Ha耀斑极大时刻提前几分钟。这三个特征很可能是Ⅰ类白光耀斑的典型特征。 相似文献
10.
本分析了南京大学太阳塔1991年10月24日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率(5s)的一个2N/X2.1级白光耀斑光谱,对耀斑谱线轮廓,连续发射强度,X射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比,分析表明,该耀斑属I类白光耀斑,具有如下特征:(1)在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间,各波段光谱线心强度,连续辐射,谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬X射线高能波段的爆分同时达到极大;(2)Hα谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达10 相似文献
11.
Summary. Recent papers dealing with the most controversial aspects of AGNs are reviewed. They suggest interesting conclusions: all
Seyferts can be described by a single parameter, the X-ray column density; radio loud AGNs may host a rapidly spinning black
hole and radio quiet AGNs a slowly spinning black hole; high-ionization AGNs (Seyfert galaxies and QSOs) contain an optically
thick, geometrically thin accretion disk, while low-ionization AGNs (Liners) contain an optically thin, geometrically thick
accretion disk; a number of blazars have been classified as BLLs on the basis of insufficient data; most objects with weak
broad emission lines are in fact HPQs; many objects have been called Liners although they are not AGNs but rather the result
of stellar activity; type 2 QSOs exist, but are quite inconspicuous if radio quiet.
Received 16 November 1999 / Published online: 15 February 2000 相似文献
12.
Min-Zhi Kong Xue-Bing Wu Ran Wang Jin-Lin Han National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Astronomy Peking University Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(4):396-410
Based on measured broad line region sizes in the reverberation-mapping AGN sample, two new empirical relations are introduced to estimate the central black hole masses of radio-loud high-redshift (z > 0.5) AGNs. First, using the archival IUE/HST spectroscopy data at UV band for the reverberation-mapping objects, we obtained two new empirical relations between the BLR size and Mg II/C IV emission line luminosity. Secondly, using the newly determined black hole masses of the reverberation-mapping sample as calibration, we found two new relationships for determining the black hole mass with the full width at half maximum and the luminosity of Mg II/C IV line. We then apply the relations to estimate the black hole masses of the AGNs in the Large Bright Quasar Survey and a sample of radio-loud quasars. For the objects with small radio-loudness, the black hole mass estimated using the RBLR-LMgII/C IV relation is consistent with that from the RBLR-L3000 (?)/1350(?) relation. For radio-loud AGNs, however, the mass estimated from the RBLR-LMgII/CIV relation is sys- tematically lower than that from the continuum luminosity L3000(?)/1350(?). Because jets could have significant contributions to the UV/optical continuum luminosity of radio-loud AGNs, we emphasize once again that for radio-loud AGNs, the emission line luminosity may be a better tracer of the ionizing luminosity than the continuum luminosity, so that the relations between the BLR size and UV emission line luminosities should be used to estimate the black hole masses of high redshift radio-loud AGNs. 相似文献
13.
R. A. Burenin A. V. Mescheryakov M. G. Revnivtsev S. Yu. Sazonov I. F. Bikmaev M. N. Pavlinsky R. A. Sunyaev 《Astronomy Letters》2008,34(6):367-374
We present the results of our optical identifications of a set of X-ray sources from the INTEGRAL and SWIFT all-sky surveys. The optical data have been obtained with the 1.5-m Russian-Turkish Telescope (RTT-150). Nine X-ray sources have been identified with active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Two of them are located in the nearby spiral galaxies MCG-01-05-047 and NGC 973 seen almost edge-on. One source, IGR J16562-3301, is probably a BL Lac object (blazar). The remaining AGNs are observed as the starlike nuclei of spiral galaxies whose spectra exhibit broad emission lines. The relation between the hard X-ray (17–60 keV) luminosity and the [O III] 5007 line luminosity, log L x/L [O III] ≈ 2.1, holds good for most of the AGNs detected in hard X rays. However, the luminosities of some AGNs deviate from this relation. The fraction of such objects can reach ~20%. In particular, the [O III] line flux is lower for two nearby edge-on spiral galaxies. This can be explained by the effect of absorption in the galactic disks. 相似文献
14.
Echo mapping makes use of the intrinsic variaibility of the continuum source in active galactic nuclei to map out the distribution and kinematics of line‐emitting gas from its light travel time‐delayed response to continuum changes. Echo mapping experiments have yielded sizes for the broad line‐emitting region in about three dozen AGNs. The dynamics of the line‐emitting gas seem to be dominated by the gravity of the central black hole, enabling measurement of the black‐hole masses in AGNs. We discuss requirements for future echo‐mapping experiments that will yield the high‐quality velocity–delay maps of the broad‐line region that are needed to determine its physical nature. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
15.
Luka Č. Popović 《New Astronomy Reviews》2012,56(2-3):74-91
It is now agreed that mergers play an essential role in the evolution of galaxies and therefore that mergers of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) must have been common. We see the consequences of past supermassive binary black holes (SMBs) in the light profiles of so-called ‘core ellipticals’ and a small number of SMBs have been detected. However, the evolution of SMBs is poorly understood. Theory predicts that SMBs should spend a substantial amount of time orbiting at velocities of a few thousand kilometers per second. If the SMBs are surrounded by gas observational effects might be expected from accretion onto one or both of the SMBHs. This could result in a binary Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) system. Like a single AGN, such a system would emit a broad band electromagnetic spectrum and broad and narrow emission lines.The broad emission spectral lines emitted from AGNs are our main probe of the geometry and physics of the broad line region (BLR) close to the SMBH. There is a group of AGNs that emit very broad and complex line profiles, showing two displaced peaks, one blueshifted and one redshifted from the systemic velocity defined by the narrow lines, or a single such peak. It has been proposed that such line shapes could indicate an SMB system. We discuss here how the presence of an SMB will affect the BLRs of AGNs and what the observational consequences might be.We review previous claims of SMBs based on broad line profiles and find that they may have non-SMB explanations as a consequence of a complex BLR structure. Because of these effects it is very hard to put limits on the number of SMBs from broad line profiles. It is still possible, however, that unusual broad line profiles in combination with other observational effects (line ratios, quasi-periodical oscillations, spectropolarimetry, etc.) could be used for SMBs detection.Some narrow lines (e.g., [O III]) in some AGNs show a double-peaked profile. Such profiles can be caused by streams in the Narrow Line Region (NLR), but may also indicate the presence of a kilo-parsec scale mergers. A few objects indicated as double-peaked narrow line emitters are confirmed as kpc-scale margers, but double-peaked narrow line profiles are mostly caused by the complex NLR geometry.We briefly discuss the expected line profile of broad Fe Kα that probably originated in the accretion disk(s) around SMBs. This line may also be very complex and indicate the complex disk geometry or/and an SMB presence.Finally we consider rare configurations where a SMB system might be gravitationally lensed by a foreground galaxy, and discuss the expected line profiles in these systems. 相似文献
16.
Minfeng Gu Xinwu Cao D. R. Jiang 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(2):984-996
Based on the Königl's inhomogeneous jet model, we estimate the jet parameters, such as bulk Lorentz factor Γ, viewing angle θ and electron number density n e from radio very long-baseline interferometry and X-ray data for a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) assuming that the X-rays are from the jet rather than the intracluster gas. The bulk kinetic power of jets is then calculated using the derived jet parameters. We find a strong correlation between the total luminosity of broad emission lines and the bulk kinetic power of the jets. This result supports the scenario that the accretion process is tightly linked with the radio jets, though how the disc and jet are coupled is not revealed by present correlation analysis. Moreover, we find a significant correlation between the bulk kinetic power and radio extended luminosity. This implies that the emission from the radio lobes is closely related with the energy flux transported through jets from the central part of AGNs. 相似文献
17.
We constructed a grid of relativistic models for standard high-relative-luminosity accretion α-disks around supermassive Kerr black holes (BHs) and computed X-ray spectra for their hot, effectively optically thin inner parts by taking into account general-relativity effects. They are known to be heated to high (~106–109 K) temperatures and to cool down through the Comptonization of intrinsic thermal radiation. Their spectra are power laws with an exponential cutoff at high energies; i.e., they have the same shape as those observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Fitting the observed X-ray spectra of AGNs with computed spectra allowed us to estimate the fundamental parameters of BHs (their mass and Kerr parameter) and accretion disks (luminosity and inclination to the line of sight) in 28 AGNs. We show that the Kerr parameter for BHs in AGNs is close to unity and that the disk inclination correlates with the Seyfert type of AGN, in accordance with the unification model of activity. The estimated BH masses Mx are compared with the masses Mrev determined by the reverberation mapping technique. For AGNs with luminosities close to the Eddington limit, these masses agree and the model under consideration may be valid for them. For low-relative-luminosity AGNs, the differences in masses increase with decreasing relative luminosity and their X-ray emission cannot be explained by this model. 相似文献
18.
光学波段的“变脸”AGN (changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus, CL AGN)是光谱类型发生变化AGN的统称.近年来,越来越多观测证据表明这类现象与中央超大质量黑洞吸积活动有关.而黑洞吸积率的变化可能会引起喷流的增强或者减弱,进而导致射电波段观测性质的变化.在已发表的文献中,收集了74个光学波段证认的“变脸”AGN、90个“变脸”AGN的候选体.基于这个目前最大并且选源方式多样化的非完备样本,探讨了“变脸”AGN在射电波段的观测性质.从澳大利亚平方公里阵先导设备(Australian Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Pathfinder, ASKAP)和美国甚大阵甚大阵(Very Large Array, VLA)的4大射电巡天观测中,发现了51个“变脸”AGN (含21个候选体)在0.9–3 GHz存在射电波段的对应体,样本的射电探测率约为41%,与一般AGN的射电探测率无显著区别.此外,分析了这些源的射电谱指数,发现在1.4 GHz和3 GHz频段“变脸”AGN相对于一般射电源有较平的射电谱.该统计结果或可解释为“... 相似文献
19.
《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2023,47(2):285-308
Optically “changing-look” active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are a class of objects that exhibit appearance or disappearance of broad lines. Recent studies have shown that these “changing-look” activities very likely result from the accretion activities of the central supermassive black holes. Large variation of the accretion rate might cause jet ejection and fading events, thus lead to a certain variability of observational radio properties. From the published literature, 74 “changing-look” AGNs and 90 “changing-look” AGNs candidates identified in optical observations were collected. Based on this largest, complex, and incomplete sample to date, the radio properties of “changing-look” AGNs were investigated. The radio counterparts of 51 “changing-look” AGNs (including 21 candidates) were discovered from the all-sky surveys conducted by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and Very Large Array (VLA) covering the frequency range of 0.9–3 GHz. This corresponds to a detection rate of about 41 percent, which is similar to general AGNs. The radio spectral indices between 0.9 and 1.4 GHz and between 1.4 and 3 GHz were calculated, which suggest that these “changing-look” AGNs tend to have flatter radio spectra than normal AGNs. This statistical result indicates that “changing-look” AGNs might host some young, compact, and faint radio jets. 相似文献