Regional ecosystem services relationships and their potential driving factors in the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River Basin(YRB) occupies an important position in China’s socioeconomic development and ecological conservation efforts. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs) and their drivers is crucial for regional sustainable development and human-earth system coordination. This study simulated food production(FP), water yield(WY), net primary production(NPP), soil conservation(SC), and habitat quality(HQ) in the YRB from 2000...     

黄河流域生态系统服务权衡协同关系时空异质性

探究流域生态系统服务的权衡协同关系及其尺度效应对合理制定生态环境政策和有效配置环境资源具有至关重要的意义。以黄河流域为研究对象,采用1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2018年6期数据,采用InVEST和CASA模型评估产水量、碳储量、土壤保持量、生境质量和净初级生产力（NPP）5项生态系统服务,采用Spearman相关性分析黄河流域及其二级流域各项生态系统服务间的权衡关系。结果表明：全流域尺度上产水量与碳储量、生境质量呈权衡关系,其余各项服务间呈协同关系;产水量与碳储量、产水量与生境质量、碳储量与土壤保持量、碳储量与生境质量、碳储量与NPP、土壤保持量与生境质量之间的关系8个二级流域与黄河流域全域均保持一致。产水量与土壤保持量、产水量与NPP、土壤保持量与NPP以及生境质量与NPP的关系在二级流域间出现了差异。各生态系统服务整体表现出了明显的二级流域差异且显示地域规律性。多尺度评估生态系统服务间的权衡协同关系,可为制定黄河流域发展和生态保护双赢政策提供可靠参考。     

黄河流域水域生态系统服务与经济发展时空协调性

黄河流域对维护中国生态安全、促进社会经济发展具有重要的战略地位。基于2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年5期遥感解译数据和经济社会统计数据,测算了黄河流域9省71个市（州、盟）的水域生态系统服务价值,并通过构建生态系统服务与经济发展一致性指数对二者时空协调性进行分析。结果表明：（1）研究时段内,黄河流域水域面积逐年增加,其中上游地区增长最多、增幅较小,下游地区增长较多、增幅最大,中游地区有小幅度减少。从水域类型变化来看,水库坑塘增加最多、变化幅度最剧烈,滩地和滩涂面积缩小、变化较为平缓。（2）研究时段内,黄河流域水域生态系统服务价值逐年上升,但增幅逐渐趋缓,下游地区水域生态系统服务价值增幅最大、上游次之、中游最低,其中2015—2020年陕西省、山西省以及整个中游河段甚至出现了下降的情况。（3）总体上看,黄河流域水域生态系统服务与经济发展在研究时段内呈现出不协调状态,并以经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚为主,并且长期保持不变,但这种不协调性在空间上出现分异,上游地区以生态系统服务集聚高于经济集聚类型为主,中、下游地区以及各省会城市以经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚类型为主。     

长江、黄河流域生态系统服务变化及权衡协同关系研究

长江、黄河流域是中国重要的生态屏障,近几十年来强烈的人类活动改变了长江、黄河流域的自然景观,使生态系统功能遭到破坏,了解流域内生态系统服务的变化、相互作用和驱动因素是流域生态系统管理和调控的重要基础.本文利用土地利用、土壤类型和气象等数据,对2000-2016年长江、黄河流域的NPP、土壤保持和产水服务进行时空变化分析...     

黄河流域城市化与生态系统服务价值协调性及障碍因素研究

关注生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem service value,ESV)与城市化耦合协调互动关系,对黄河流域高质量发展大有裨益。文章运用熵权法、耦合协调模型、空间自相关模型,障碍度模型分析了城市化与ESV的耦合协调关系及主导障碍因素。结果表明:(1)1995—2018年,黄河流域ESV发生了很大的改善,整体增加了33.05×10⁹元,且以调节服务为主导,草地、林地、耕地服务价值对总ESV贡献率较高。单位面积生态系统服务价值(PE)呈现南高北低、中游高上下游低的空间格局。(2)PE与城市化耦合协调度(Coupling coordination degree,CCD)逐渐改善,轻度耦合协调增加了27.12%,严重失调类型减少了45.46%,耦合亚型从城市化滞后型转变为ESV滞后型;从空间上看,CCD呈现南高北低、中游优于上游和下游的空间格局,协调度具有显著的空间正相关性,存在明显的高-高和低-低集聚特征,高-高集聚区主要分布在ESV高且城市化水平相对较高的中游和下游地区,低-低集聚区主要分布在ESV较低的上游地区。(3)1995—2018年主导障碍因素未发生明显...     

Temporal change in the landscape erosion pattern in the Yellow River Basin,China

Using Landsat TM data from 1995 and 2000, changes in the landscape erosion pattern of the Yellow River Basin, China were analysed. The aim was to improve our understanding of soil‐erosion change so that sustainable land use could be established. First, a soil‐erosion intensity index model was developed to study soil‐erosion intensity change in the study area. Over the 5 years, the areas of weak erosion, moderate erosion, severe erosion, and very severe erosion all increased. The area of weak erosion increased dramatically by 7.94×10⁵ ha, and areas of slight erosion and acute erosion decreased by 1.93×10⁶ ha and 4.50×10⁴ ha, respectively. The results show that while the intensity of soil erosion has gradually been decreasing as a whole, in some regions the soil erosion is becoming more severe. Based on landscape indices, the pattern of changes in soil erosion over the past 5 years was analysed. The changes in landscape pattern of soil erosion resulted from human activities. Analysis showed that human impact increases fragmentation, having three major effects on landscape pattern, reduction in patch area, variations in patch shape, and changes in spatial pattern. In the study area, population growth, farming, governmental policy and forest degradation are the major factors causing soil erosion change over a 5‐year period.     

Impact of the producer services agglomeration on PM2.5:A case study of the Yellow River Basin,China

Regional and persistent PM_2.5 pollution seriously undermines the development of urban ecological civilizations and the advancement of high-quality economies. The producer service sector, an example of a typical knowledge-intensive service industry, plays an important role in advancing the manufacturing industry and fostering economic growth while concurrently improving urban environmental conditions. Based on panel data of prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to...     

“蒸发悖论”在黄河流域的探讨

利用黄河流域72个气象站点1960-2010年的气象资料,系统分析了过去51年间气温、降水量以及潜在蒸散量的变化趋势,研究了气温、降水量与潜在蒸散量之间的长期变化趋势关系,对影响潜在蒸散量下降的主要因子进行了探讨,重点对黄河流域是否存在“蒸发悖论”进行验证.研究结果表明:(1)过去51年间,黄河流域内气温增加显著、潜在蒸散量呈下降趋势,总体上存在“蒸发悖论”;(2)“蒸发悖论”具有空间上和时间上的不一致性,随着气温增加,春、夏、冬三季潜在蒸散量呈减少趋势,减少区域主要集中于山西、河南大部分区域以及甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西等少部分区域;时间上主要表现在1960-1979年潜在蒸散量变化趋势不明显,1980-2010年气温与潜在蒸散量变化趋势在空间分布上的逆向关系更加明显;(3)过去51年间,降水量无论是年际还是夏、秋季变化趋势都不明显,降水量与潜在蒸散量时空变化分布上大体呈现逆向变化关系;(4)从气象要素变化对潜在蒸散量变化的贡献率来看,近51年来风速的明显减小是导致黄河流域潜在蒸散量减少的主导因素.     

黄河流域河型转化现象初探

黄河以其高含沙水流以及下游河道的高沉积速率而著称于世。迄今的研究, 主要针对黄河中下游流域的 侵蚀、水文泥沙和河床演变方面的研究, 而对黄河流域主支流发生河型转化的现象关注不够。在黄河的不同河段, 河型的变化频繁, 类型多样, 现象复杂, 是研究者不可回避的科学问题。本文选取黄河上游第一弯的玛曲河段、黄河 上游末段托克托附近河段及黄河下游高村上下河段来研究河型转化的形式及影响因素。玛曲河段沿流向发生网状 河型→弯曲河型→辫状河型的转化现象, 该系列转化呈现出由极稳定河型向极不稳定河型的转化, 这与世界上通 常可以观察到的沿流向不稳定河型向稳定河型转化的情况完全相反。这主要受到地壳的抬升、上下峡谷卡口、水动 力特征、边界沉积物特征及植被的区域分布等因素的控制。托克托附近沿流向发生了弯曲河型→顺直河型转化的 现象, 这是较稳定河型向极稳定河型的转化, 主要受到边界沉积物、水动力等因素的控制。高村上下河段沿流向发 生的辫状河型→弯曲河型转化的现象, 是由极不稳定河型向较稳定河型转化的现象, 河道边界沉积物及水动力是 其主要控制因素, 人工大堤只是限制了河道摆动的最大幅度, 对河型的性质影响不大, 但其上游河段修筑的水库导 致下泻的水流在辫状河段的侵蚀能力增强而使其边界沉积物粗化, 并将泥质物大量沉积在弯曲河段, 客观上促进 了河型的转化。     

Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu, Yellow River Basin, north China

We present a paleolimnological record from shallow Lake Wuliangsu in the Yellow River Basin, north China, using a short (56 cm) sediment core. Our objective was to investigate environmental changes in this semi-arid region over the past ~150 years. The sediment core was dated using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb. We examined stratigraphic trends in core lithology, nutrients, stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and trace element concentrations in the Lake Wuliangsu core to discern between natural sediments and those affected by human agency. A lithologic transition from yellow, coarse-grained sediment to grey, fined-grained sediment marked the lake’s formation about 1860. Until ~1950, sediments displayed relatively low and constant heavy metal concentrations, indicating little human influence. In the 1950s, enrichment factors (EFs) increased, reflecting greater impact of human activities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organic matter (OM), along with heavy metal concentrations, were used to infer past shifts in trophic state and identify pollutants that came from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In the late 1950s, the first evidence for environmental change is recorded by increases in total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, EFs, δ¹³C and a decrease in δ¹⁵N. After about year 2000, a more rapid increase in trophic status occurred, as indicated by greater total phosphorus (TP), EFs, δ¹⁵N and lower δ¹³C values. Changes in isotope and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments may reflect a shift in lake ecology during this period. The first increase in trophic status during the late 1950s was mainly a result of agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the change after ca. AD 2000 was driven largely by urban and industrial development. Agreement between paleolimnologic data from Lake Wuliangsu, and both instrumental and written records, indicates that the lake sediments provide a reliable archive for investigating the formation and environmental history of the lake.     

Natural runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin

The driving factors of runoff changes can be divided into precipitation factor and non-precipitation factor, and they can also be divided into natural factor and human activity factor. In this paper, the ways and methods of these driving factors impacting on runoff changes are analyzed at first, and then according to the relationship between precipitation and runoff, the analytical method about impacts of precipitation and non-precipitation factors on basin's natural runoff is derived. The amount and contribution rates of the two factors impacting on natural runoff between every two adjacent decades during 1956-1998 are calculated in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). The results show that the amount and contribution rate of the two factors impacting on natural runoff are different in different periods and regions. For the YRB, the non-precipitation impact is preponderant for natural runoff reduction after the 1970s. Finally, by choosing main factors impacting on the natural runoff, one error back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) model has been set up, and the impact of human activities on natural runoff reduction in the YRB is simulated. The result shows that the human activities could cause a 77×108 m3·a-1 reduction of runoff during 1980-1998 according to the climate background of 1956-1979.     

黄河水资源量可再生性问题及量化研究

通过探讨黄河水资源量可再生性的量化问题,对黄河断流的情况、危害和成因进行分析。由于水资源量可再生性问题的复杂性,现行的方法一般都过于简单。目前迫切需要从水文循环更深层次上揭示水资源量可再生性。依据系统理论方法,从河流水循环系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力出发,提出度量和评价河流水体水资源量可再生性的指数。利用该指数,对黄河干流上、中、下游河段不同年代的水资源量可再生能力进行了定量评价,评价结果能够客观地反映实际情况。从维持水资源量可再生性的角度,进行了黄河干流水资源量的调控分析。模拟结果表明,20世纪90年代严重的黄河断流问题主要受人为因素的影响。     

基于土地利用变化的甘肃省黄河流域生态系统服务价值研究北大核心CSCD

为探究1995—2020年甘肃省黄河流域基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值时空变化,选取甘肃省黄河流域1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年6期土地利用数据,分别利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度指数和土地利用转移矩阵分析了研究区土地利用时空变化特征;通过对单个生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,计算分析了研究区6个不同时期的生态系统服务价值,进而探讨了研究区土地利用程度对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年,研究区耕地和未利用地面积总体减小,林地、草地、水域和建设用地面积总体增加,变化最大的是建设用地;(2)1995—2020年,研究区草地的土地利用程度最高,其他地类转为草地的面积最大;(3)1995—2020年,研究区生态系统服务价值总体呈增加趋势,共增加5.104亿元;(4)从2020年土地利用类型来看,草地的生态系统服务价值最大,达255.016亿元;从2020年生态系统服务类型来看,保持土壤生态服务价值最大,达87.94亿元;从生态敏感性指数来看,研究区生态系统服务价值敏感性指数均<1,研究结果可信;从生态系统服务加之分级来看,中级比重较大,面积占比为82.07%;(5)研究区土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关,相关系数为0.912。     

黄河流域径流变化

The driving factors of runoff changes can be divided into precipitation factor and non-precipitation factor, and they can also be divided into natural factor and human activity factor. In this paper, the ways and methods of these driving factors impacting on runoff changes are analyzed at first, and then according to the relationship between precipitation and runoff, the analytical method about impacts of precipitation and non-precipitation factors on basin's natural runoff is derived. The amount and contribution rates of the two factors impacting on natural runoff between every two adjacent decades during 1956-1998 are calculated in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). The results show that the amount and contribution rate of the two factors impacting on natural runoff are different in different periods and regions. For the YRB, the non-precipitation impact is preponderant for natural runoff reduction after the 1970s. Finally, by choosing main factors impacting on the natural runoff, one error back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) model has been set up, and the impact of human activities on natural runoff reduction in the YRB is simulated. The result shows that the human background of 1956-1979.     

Natural runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin

1IntroductionThe driving factors of runoff changes can be divided into precipitation factor and non-precipitation factor, and they can also be divided into natural factor and human activity factor. The influence of the natural factor includes precipitation reduction, precipitation features (for example, spatio-temporal distribution and intensity), landuse natural changes and so forth. All of these can cause runoff changes. Temperature, evaporation, topography, soil and geological environment i…     

黄河流域气候变化研究综述

黄河流域从西到东跨越多省,地形复杂,作为中国生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分,是中国气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱区.本文主要综述了在气候变暖背景下,黄河流域气候变化特征、影响以及成因和对策建议的最新研究进展:(1)近60年黄河流域气温呈上升趋势,平均升温速率为0.30℃/10a,上游升温速率最大,下游次之,冬季升温趋势最...     

黄河流域生态环境综合评价及其演变

在定性分析黄河流域自然生态环境特点的基础上，针对黄河流域不同的地理特征与生态环境特征，从气候环境、水文环境、土地覆盖、土壤侵蚀、土地利用和地形地貌等方面选择评价指标，在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下，首先通过一系列的模型计算与遥感影像解译，分别生成黄河流域1980年代末期与1990年代末期数值型的生态环境背景因子，而后应用主成分分析法对生态环境质量进行了综合评价，得出了不同空间尺度下的反映黄河流域1980年代末期与1990年代末期生态环境质量的分级图，并对黄河流域近10年间的生态环境演变进行了分析。     

Yellow River Basin management and current issues

Soil loss, water shortage, flooding, sedimentation and water pollution are the major problems affecting the sustainable development of the Yellow River basin. Their impacts and management strategies are briefly discussed in this paper. The integrated management strategy, which includes one ultimate goal, four standards, nine countermeasures, and the concept of “three Yellow Rivers,” is a contemporary management strategy and represents the vision of the Chinese government and engineers for the sustainable development of the Yellow River basin.     

黄河流域管理与当前存在的问题

1TheYellowRiverBasinThe Yellow River, with a drainage area of 752,000 km2 and a length of 5,464 km, is the second largest river in China (Figure 1). This river, recognized as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is one of the most complicated and challenging rivers in the world in terms of erosion and sedimentation control, flood defense, and water resource management. The river basin is mostly arid and semi-arid, with a long-term average annual runoff depth of 77 mm and a mean annual input …     

黄河流域有效辐射拟合研究

在深入分析有效辐射理论公式的基础上,利用日射站和常规气象站观测资料,确定有效辐射拟合的经验函数式;利用数据集群技术,建立一系列不同时空尺度的有效辐射估算模式;通过误差分析,最终确定适用于全国范围有效辐射计算的拟合模型;采用确定的有效辐射拟合模型,结合黄河流域及其周边常规气象站观测资料,对黄河流域1960~2000年有效辐射进行计算,利用ArcG IS将站点有效辐射拟合结果进行空间内差,获得黄河流域有效辐射的空间分布。