武陵源风景区环境质量评估

武陵源风景区较突出的环境问题主要表现在大气环境质量降低、水质恶化、生物多样性受到威胁等问题。本文在实地调查和与专家访谈的基础上设计函调问卷 ,通过对函调问卷的综合分析 ,构建武陵源旅游区生态环境质量评价模型 ,对旅游区的旅游环境质量做出了评判。研究发现 ,尽管从总体上看 ,武陵源风景区自然生态环境、社会文化环境与旅游资源环境比较优越 ,但从评估的结果看 ,由于武陵源旅游区前期的开发力度过大 ,某些地方的无序开发已经导致了一系列的环境问题。有鉴于此 ,本文提出了武陵源风景区环境管理的具体建议。     

奎屯市地下水环境背景值及环境质量评价

运用模糊数学理论方法,依据样品中有关评价因子的实测值.对奎屯市地下水进行背景值统计分析,评价各因子对环境质量的贡献,在单因子模糊评判的基础上,对样品隶属于各级地下水环境程度作出综合评判。     

湿地环境质量监测评价体系构建研究

以可持续发展理论、环境生态学、景观生态学等科学理论为指导,应用"3S"技术和地面观测技术相结合的方法,结合对我国湿地环境质量监测研究的历史与现状,以国内主要湿地类型区的监测信息为平台,共筛选出了湿地景观状况、湿地生物状况、湿地非生物状况、湿地规模等4大类,共计19个监测评价指标,应用层次分析法(AHP),在咨询专家意见的基础上,利用T.L.Saaty的标度法,建立了符合我国国情的湿地环境质量监测的评价指标体系,研究成果可评价全国范围内的湿地环境质量变化规律和发展趋势,为我国的湿地评价、保护和管理工作提供依据。     

地表水环境质量灰色综合评价方法探讨

该文以国家地表水环境质量标准为准绳，运用灰色系统理论方法，建立了地表水环境质量综合评判数学模型，并给出了应用本模型确定地表水环境质量级别的实例。     

武陵源峰林地貌的成因及其开发与保护

论述武陵源峰林的地质风景特色及其成因,阐述峰林开成的历史背景与环境,探讨武陵源峰林的合理开发与保护之方。     

环境质量评价地图的选题及其编制

文章通过实例阐述了环境质量评价地图在环境保护工作中的作用,对环境质量评价地图的内容选题与编制进行了探讨     

水体旅游可持续发展评价

"满足当代人需求,又不损害满足子孙后代需求能力的发展"是可持续发展的本质要求,实现定量评价是制定可持续发展战略的基础。水体旅游可持续发展评价指标体系可划分为经济可持续发展、社会可持续发展、环境可持续发展、管理可持续发展、开发条件与潜力五个子系统,共设28个指标因子,运用熵技术支持下的层次分析法测算指标权系数。对南京市三处典型水体旅游地(国家级水利风景区)的实证研究表明,其可持续发展水平依次为金牛湖(0.896)、珍珠泉(0.883)与外秦淮河(0.796)。金牛湖在环境层面特别出色,珍珠泉在其余层面都位列第一。外秦淮河开发条件与潜力最好,但在其余层面均处于末位。针对具体评价数据,就三者在可持续发展方面亟待改进的地方提出了政策建议。     

地表水环境质量灰色综合评价方法探讨

该文以国家地表水环境质量标准为准绳 ,运用灰色系统理论方法 ,建立了地表水环境质量综合评判数学模型 ,并给出了应用本模型确定地表水环境质量级别的实例。     

金华市山区无公害蔬菜基地环境质量评价

该基地环境质量优良 :水质综合污染指数 0 .37( 级 ) ,大气质量几何均数指数0 .68( 级 ) ;各种重金属元素含量均在浙江省土壤元素变化范围内 ;土壤中六六六、DDT、As的含量和基地内主产蔬菜的抽检指标均符合绿色食品卫生标准 .当地适宜发展无公害蔬菜     

休假制度对遗产旅游地客流的影响——以武陵源为例

休假制度是影响城镇居民出游时间的重要因素。本研究以世界自然遗产地武陵源为例,分别以1986~1988年、1996~1998年、2000~2002年和2004~2006年4个连续3年期限代表我国休假制度的不同时期,分析比较遗产地客流变化规律,研究发现,休假时间的集中化趋势增加了该时段的客流量,但对遗产地全年的客流季节性并无显著影响,"黄金周"效应开始外溢为"黄金月",这种客流变化特征对遗产地旅游管理提出了新的挑战。     

属性识别模型在艾比湖水质评价中的应用

根据新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州环境监测站对艾比湖5个代表性的监测断面最近5年的水质实测资料,结合熵权法和国家地表水环境质量标准系统地建立了属性识别模型,运用属性计算和属性得分详细评价了艾比湖的水质.模型评价结果表明:艾比湖的水质污染主要为氨氮、磷、砷的污染.就空间而言,湖心2水质较好,没有出现V类水质,其次为喇叭口,博乐河口与精河河口水质较差;就时间而言,2003年各监测断面水质均属I类,之后逐渐恶化,到2008年半数以上的监测断面属于V类水质,且与改进密切值法的评价结果比较,结果较吻合.采用属性识别模型评价湖泊水质,概念清晰,计算简单,评价结果客观、合理,可以反映出艾比湖水质的现状,是湖泊水质评价中简便实用的评价方法之一.     

环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境质量协调度

解决好新疆环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境质量之间的关系,对"一带一路"倡议顺利实施及新疆社会稳定具有十分重要的作用。基于2004-2017年环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境变化状况,构建城市发展与水环境质量的综合评价模型及二者的协调度模型,以探讨环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展、水环境质量变化及二者的协调关系。结果表明：2004-2017年,（1）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展综合指数呈现出逐年稳定上升的趋势,经济发展和城镇空间规模扩大是环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展的主要形式;（2）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市的水环境质量综合指数呈现出逐年降低的趋势,水环境质量形势严峻;（3）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展-水环境质量系统的协调度呈现倒U型的稳定发展趋势,但总体上两者的协调度较低,城市发展和水环境质量之间的矛盾日益突出。     

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.     

基于环境质量标准的环境承载力评价方法及其应用

建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机制,是全面深化改革的一项创新性工作。本文从环境承载力评价视角出发,提出了一种基于环境质量标准的环境承载力评价模型,即通过计算污染物浓度超标指数衡量大气、水及综合环境承载力状况,并以京津冀地区为试点开展案例研究。评价结果显示：①环境综合承载力方面,99%的区县超载。②大气环境承载力方面,可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和细颗粒物(PM_2.5)是主要污染因子,98%的区县超载;臭氧(O₃)和二氧化氮(NO₂)的超标状况也非常严重,分别有87%、72%的区县超载。③水环境承载力方面,进行评价的108个区县全部超载,总氮(TN)、溶解氧(DO)、氨氮(NH₃-N)和总磷(TP)为主要的超标污染因子。该评价模型以环境质量为基础,客观地反映了环境承载力状态,可广泛应用于中国不同尺度单元环境承载力的评价。     

基于二元水循环的河流生态需水水量与水质综合评价方法——以辽河流域为例

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed,and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river re-quirements,the efficiency of water resource usage,the consumption coefficient,and the concentration of waste water elimination,the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed,and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established,and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized. Taking the Liaohe River as a model,the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River,Dongliao River,mainstream Liaohe River,Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated,each taking up 39.3%,63.0%,43.9%,43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow,the results show that: except Xiliao River is "median",the rest are all upon "good",the Dongliao River is even "very good". The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that,the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%,74.1%,60.8%,60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that: considering "quantity",except Xiliao River,the rest rivers can all achieve the "quantity" criteria of the en-vironmental flows of river requirements,but if considering the aspect of "quality",only Dongliao River can reach the "quality" standard. By water quantity-quality combined evalua-tion method,only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem de-mands.     

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers&rsquo|water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle: A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river re-quirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized. Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that: except Xiliao River is “median”, the rest are all upon “good”, the Dongliao River is even “very good”. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that: considering “quantity”, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the “quantity” criteria of the en-vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of “quality”, only Dongliao River can reach the “quality” standard. By water quantity-quality combined evalua-tion method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem de-mands.     

大连市近岸海域水环境质量、影响因素及调控研究

近些年来,由于经济的发展,废水排放总量的增加,近岸海域水环境恶化已成为大连市主要的生态环境问题。本文运用模糊模式识别模型研究了大连市近岸海域水环境质量的动态变化,并对水环境的影响因素进行分析,从而建立了水环境与其影响因素之间的数学模型。在此研究基础上,运用系统动力学(SD)模型进行水环境调控,提出了大连市水环境经济协调型发展方案,这对于大连市的可持续发展具有重大意义。     

Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management

EDSS is a comprehensive software system for water quality management in tidal river networks in general and for the Pearl River Delta in particular. Its purpose is to provide a practical tool that could assist government agencies in decision making for the efficient management of water resources in terms of both quantity and quality. By combining the capabilities of geographical information system (GIS), database management system (DBMS), model base management system (MBMS) and expert system, the aim is to improve the quality of decision making in what is becoming an increasingly complex area. This paper first outlines the basic concepts and philosophy adopted in developing EDSS, the system architecture, design features, implementation techniques and facilities provided. Thereafter, the core part of the system — the hydrodynamic and water quality models are described briefly. The final contribution in this paper describes the application of EDSS to the Pearl River Delta, which has the most complicated tidal river network patterns as well as the fastest economic development in the world. Examples are given of the real-world problems that can be addressed using the system, including cross-boundary water pollution analysis, regional drinking water take-up site selection, screening of important polluters, environmental impact assessment, and water quality zoning and planning. It is illustrated that EDSS can provide efficient and scientific analytical tools for planning and decision-making purposes in the information era.