山东彭庄早、中二叠世孢粉组合特征

本文主要对山东彭庄煤矿西补15井太原组上部以及山西组进行采样研究,共分析孢粉样品14块,所有样品中均含有较为丰富的孢粉化石;经分析鉴定,共发现孢粉化石37属107种及部分未定种;根据孢粉化石在地层中的纵向分布规律及其含量变化,自下而上建立两个孢粉组合：Ⅰ.Laevigatosporites Granulatisporites组合（太原组上部）,Ⅱ.Gulisporites cochlearius Leiotriletes adnatus Sinulatisporites sinensis组合（山西组）;并将本区孢粉组合特征与华北其他地区进行了比较;明确了本区孢粉组合的地质时代,组合Ⅰ为早二叠世晚期,组合Ⅱ为中二叠世早期,即本区下、中二叠统界线应置于山西组底部泥岩之底;最后,根据孢粉特征恢复了相应地质时期的古气候,继而进一步佐证了本区下、中二叠统界线。     

黑龙江孙吴-嘉荫盆地白垩纪孢粉组合及地层划分对比

黑龙江孙吴—嘉荫盆地内两口地质探井获得的135块孢粉样品中含有孢粉化石87属,这些孢粉化石可以划分为4个孢粉组合,根据组合特征,这4个孢粉组合的地质时代分别为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里沃期、阿尔必期,晚白垩世桑顿期—坎潘期、马斯特里赫特期,同时含这些孢粉化石的相关的白垩纪地层可以相应划分为下白垩统宁远村组、淘淇河组、上白垩统太平林场组和富饶组。这一研究为重新认识和建立孙吴—嘉荫盆地的地层层序提供重要的古生物依据。     

苏南溧阳上白垩统泰州组的发现

通过对江苏南部溧阳市上黄镇一露头剖面样品的分析 ,获得了丰富且保存完好的孢粉化石 ,经鉴定共 5 2属 87种。根据岩性、孢粉组合特征并与苏北及其他地区对比 ,确定含化石的地层为上白垩统泰州组 ,从而在苏南地区首次发现泰州组。这一发现不仅是对整个江苏地区泰州组地层研究的重要补充 ,而且对该区区域地质历史的重新认识 ,以及今后的石油勘探工作有着相当重要的现实意义     

内蒙古突泉盆地突D2井上二叠统林西组烃源岩新发现

在突泉盆地南部突D2井的钻探过程中发现厚层暗色泥岩中产Klausipollenites schaubergeri等19属26种具浓厚晚二叠世时代特征的孢粉化石.生物地层及岩石地层显示,这套暗色泥岩为上二叠统林西组,其单层厚度及总厚度大.本文从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等方面分析了突D2井暗色泥岩的生烃潜力.有机质丰度为中等-好.有机质类型为Ⅱ₁型.有机质成熟度为过成熟.显示突泉盆地林西组暗色泥岩具有良好的页岩气勘探前景.     

内蒙古巴林右旗下三叠统幸福之路组化石新发现

下三叠统幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,时代为早三叠世.重新实测了幸福之路组三段建组剖面,采集了孢粉、叶肢介、双壳及植物化石,其中孢粉化石为首次发现.孢粉化石为A lisporites communis-Vittatina costabilis组合,叶肢介为Cyclotun-guzites-Euestheria组合.综合分析孢粉、叶肢介化石组合特征,认为其时代相当于早三叠世早期;幸福之路组孢粉组合在古植物地理区划上与新疆北部晚二叠世—早三叠世孢粉组合关系密切,但也含有华北地台晚二叠世晚期的一些分子,记录了安加拉和华夏两大植物群的交流.幸福之路组与林西组孢粉组合具有明显的连续性.     

青藏高原腹地红层抱粉分析的有效方法

在青藏高原腹地，日土、改则、班戈、安多、囊谦一线以北的广大地区，普遍分布有一套紫红色的砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩的互层沉积。近５０年来，有诸多学者对可可西里地区青藏公路两侧的这套地层进行了研究。由于这套红层的孢粉分析非常困难，所获得化石资料比较零星，有关这套地层的时代归属目前还没有形成统一的认识。 考虑到该套地层在藏北高原分布的广泛性，及其记录青藏高原形成、演化过程方面所具有的巨大潜力，对其进行深入系统的研究，做出系统的、可信度高的孢粉古植被序列就成为当务之急。 我们曾在黄土的孢粉分析方面取得过一些进展，…     

西藏尼玛一带上白垩统竟柱山组的厘定及其意义

西藏尼玛县城西-色林错一带发育一套山间河湖相的红色碎屑岩系,属红色磨拉石建造。该红色碎屑岩系底部不整合于下白垩统及其以下层位之上。其时代归属尚不统一,有划归为上三叠统巫嘎群,有划归为古近系始新统牛堡组。2000～2002年作者在尼玛县城西、双湖区南措折乡宋我日分别测制了剖面,2002年又在尼玛县城西剖面补采样品,获得丰富的孢粉化石。根据所含孢粉组合特征及时代,将其划归上白垩统竟柱山组。     

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意义

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源.由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定.对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变.西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主.通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cy...     

湖南株洲天元区晚白垩世恐龙化石层时代及沉积环境

在湖南省株洲市天元区的戴家坪组发现了新的恐龙化石产出点.然而,关于赋存该恐龙化石地层的时代存在一定的争议.基于碎屑锆石U-Pb物源分析和孢粉数据对恐龙化石点进行了年代学和沉积学研究.从恐龙化石点的关键层位采集了孢粉和碎屑锆石样品,经过室内样品处理和数据分析,孢粉化石鉴定获得15属18种;根据具有时代意义的孢粉特征分子可以得到其共存延限带Aquilapollenites coriaceus-Betpakdalina pentaoculoides,把戴家坪组时代厘定为晚白垩世坎潘期（Campanian）-马斯特里赫特期（Maastrichtian）.碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄峰值主要为6个阶段:200~320 Ma、390~450 Ma、740~950 Ma、1 020~1 100 Ma、1 640~2 000 Ma和2 440~2 600 Ma,指示戴家坪组粗粒的沉积物主要来源于盆地SE侧的近源幕阜罗霄山,而细粒的沉积碎屑可能部分来自NW侧的黄陵等地区.      

下蜀组的孢粉组合及形成环境、时代探讨

下蜀组是我省西南部丘陵区广泛分布的一个地层单元,以长江两岸出露厚度大且层次清晰。为探讨其时代、形成环境及古气候特征,近几年我们对南京老虎山、宜兴张渚及苏皖交界地区的来安县王集三个剖面系统采集了孢粉样品进行分析研究工作。现根据孢粉资料,结合岩性、古地磁、热释光测年等资料,对下蜀组的形成环境和形成时代进行讨论。一、地层剖面简介 (一)南京老虎山剖面:位于南京城西北角。下蜀组出露较完整,共采集孢粉样品64个(采样间距30—40cm),见4000多粒孢粉化石,分属47个科属。剖面简述如下(图1): 上覆地层:全新统(Q_4)灰黑色亚粘土     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.