有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究

本文通过在大型三向地震模拟振动台上进行的设置伸缩横缝的某拱坝非线性动力模型试验，应用非线性有限元动力分析程序同时进行计算分析，全面系统地研究了拱坝横缝对坝体动力特性和地震反应的影响，并对计算程序进行了改进。试验与计算结果相互印证，验证了试验成果的可靠性和计算分析模型、计算程序与计算结果的合理性。     

拱坝的动力控制研究

在拱坝坝缝中布置钢筋和阻尼器，可在一定范围内实现控制坝体的动力反应，总体来说，拱向钢筋对坝体动力反应有控制作用，径向钢筋的作用不大；拱向阻尼器的控制效果较好，而径向阻尼器的效果不大。对动力反应的调整方面，对设置有3条缝的坝体的幅度比设置有1条缝的坝体的幅度要大。1条缝坝体同时设置拱向钢筋和阻尼器对梁向动拉应力的调整幅度为－2．846～-4.273MPa，而3条缝的为－2．482～-4.692MPa。     

混凝土重力坝整体动力特性研究

结合金安桥混凝土重力坝工程的抗震性能研究,对大坝按整体模型和分缝模型分别进行了动力试验。试验中考虑了横缝和动水压力的影响,得到了整个坝体空库、满库时的空间动力特性。并对大坝进行了三维有限元动力分析,与模型试验结果进行了比较,两者符合得较好。     

某核电厂主厂房抗震优化设计

采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS对设置粘滞阻尼器的某常规岛主厂房结构进行了罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能分析,并与原结构进行了对比。对比分析结果表明:在大震作用下,设置新型粘滞阻尼器以后,结构的层间位移角均满足规范的要求,其抗震性能得到了显著提高,在震后可继续使用,研究为粘滞阻尼器在常规岛主厂房结构中的应用提供了坚实的理论基础。     

高烈度区某框架结构减震分析研究

为了研究设置金属阻尼器的框架结构的耗能减震效果,以某高烈度区超长框架结构为工程背景,通过有限元软件SAP2000分析了结构在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能和减震效果。分析结构表明:设置金属阻尼器的某超长框架结构的抗震性能有了很大的提高,在罕遇地震作用下能够满足"大震不倒"的性能要求。     

拱坝横缝影响及有效抗震措施的研究

大量研究结果和某些拱坝的地震震害表明，横缝对拱坝的地震响应有很大的影响。通过采用非光滑方程组方法以及考虑碰撞时刻动量、动能守恒来模拟横缝所引起的动接触问题，同时为了提高计算效率，采用隐-显式积分方法对坝-基系统的动力平衡方程进行求解。针对在拱坝中上部配筋这一抗震措施，也作了探讨。通过对小湾拱坝的分析，为高拱坝工程抗震措施的选择提供技术依据。     

设置金属阻尼器的预制装配式剪力墙结构抗震性能分析

预制装配式结构是未来建筑结构发展趋势,但是其整体抗震性能是装配式结构的薄弱环节。因此,将作者提出的剪切型软钢阻尼器设置于实际预制装配式钢筋混凝土高层剪力墙结构的连梁中部,以此提高整体结构抗震性能。该文基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台,提出一种可以有效模拟该软钢阻尼器剪切性能的连接单元,将其应用于该装配整体式剪力墙结构中,进行有限元建模和弹塑性时程分析,通过对比减震前后结构的相关地震反应,分析结构在罕遇地震作用下的减震效果。分析结果表明,设置阻尼器的减震结构,损伤连梁的数量明显减少,连梁阻尼器具有良好的耗能性能,层间位移角、结构损伤、基底反力均有所有减小。因此,采用这种软钢阻尼器可以提高装配整体式剪力墙结构的整体抗震性能。     

高烈度区深水斜拉桥动水效应及抗震体系研究

位于高烈度区的深水斜拉桥在地震下不仅会受到强震的作用,还会受到附近水体的作用,结构抗震要求高,选择合理的抗震体系非常重要.以云南格巧高速双河特大桥为工程实例,分析动水作用对斜拉桥地震响应的影响及其与地震强度的关系,在此基础上对斜拉桥的纵、横向抗震体系展开研究并给出合理建议.结果表明,动水作用会增大索塔塔底内力和结构整体位移响应,且对剪力的影响最大;动水对结构各响应的放大作用随地震强度增加呈现出增减不一的变化趋势,抗震设计时应分别考虑各级地震下的动水效应;索塔、辅助墩和桥台处均设置黏滞阻尼器等阻尼约束的纵向协同抗震体系能够最有效减小墩、塔底纵向内力及结构纵向位移,建议作为斜拉桥纵向抗震体系; 斜拉桥横向推荐采用索塔处设置固定约束、墩台处设置钢阻尼器等弹塑性约束的组合约束体系,该体系能同时降低墩、塔底横向内力,并有效控制结构整体横向位移响应.     

基于Pushover方法的柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能分析

柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架采用整体结构刚度"弱化"的方式来减小结构的地震作用效应,同时通过设置层间阻尼器来控制结构地震位移响应并消耗地震能量。模拟地震振动台试验研究结果表明,在罕遇地震作用下,模型主体结构未见损伤,结构抗震性能优异。首先介绍柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架结构形式,并进行有限元计算分析,通过与试验结果对比验证数值建模的正确性,其次使用Pushover分析方法对比和评定无控及受控状态下柱端铰型摇摆框架的抗震性能。分析结果表明,通过设置层间耗能阻尼器,受控柱端铰型摇摆框架的位移响应可以得到有效控制,地震加速度和位移响应满足抗震性能指标。     

粘弹性-摩擦阻尼器在底部框架砌体结构抗震加固中的控制应用

本文根据新型粘弹性－摩擦阻尼器的耗能特点和底部框架砌体结构动力特性，提出通过对底部框架砌体结构设置粘弹性－摩擦阻尼器，达到对底部框回体结构抗震加固的目的。文中推导了粘弹性－摩擦阻尼器和人字型支撑的组合层间单元刚度短阵和控制力向量，建立了设置粘弹性－摩擦阻尼器框架结构地震反应时程分析的控制方法。     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥减震控制装置参数的研究

大跨度桥梁结构的减震控制研究对于桥梁结构的抗震安全具有重要意义。本文以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,并采用子空间迭代法分析了该桥的动力特性。在此基础上进行了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应及减震控制研究,重点进行了弹性连接装置和粘滞阻尼器减震效果的参数敏感性分析,并对比分析了不同位置布设减震装置时的效果。结果表明,纵飘振型对该桥肋纵向相对位移的贡献最大;弹性连接装置和阻尼器均能有效减小地震作用下该桥的肋梁纵向相对位移;综合考虑各关键部位的地震响应时,同时采用两类减震装置并将其分散布置时的减震效果最佳。结论可供大跨度中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的抗震设计参考。     

大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式研究

地震动输入是大跨度桥梁地震反应分析的重要一环。从明确大跨度拱桥的临界跨度入手,探讨了大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式中的行波效应、三向输入及其地震动选取问题。基于某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥,建立了有限元分析模型,考查了行波效应及三向地震动输入对拱关键截面内力、减隔震支座位移及粘滞阻尼器冲程的影响。结果表明:给出的大跨度拱桥临界跨度确定方法合理,行波效应对拱顶轴力有重要影响,不考虑三向地震动同时作用会明显低估大跨度拱桥的地震反应。确定大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式时需考虑行波效应与三向地震动同时输入。     

Experimental study of seismic overloading of large arch dam

A dynamic overloading model test has been carried out on a shaking table for an arch dam of 278 m in height to investigate its behaviours under strong earthquake. The model system included the arch dam with contraction joints, part of reservoir, partial foundation rock with topographic feature near the dam. A damping boundary consisting of viscous liquid has been used to simulate the effect of dynamic energy emission to far field, which made the dynamic interaction between dam and foundation in model arch dam system be represented properly. Three sets of different seismic waves of design level have been used as the input to investigate the difference in the responses of arch dam. Artificial waves of different levels have been used to verify the behaviours of arch dam under seismic overloading. Since the opening of joints during strong earthquake reduced the response acceleration and tensile arch stress, cantilever stress on downstream face exceeded the tensile strength first for the model dam. And the arch dam responded in a non‐linear way when input seismic load increased. Some cracks appeared near abutments, and the damage made the natural frequency of arch dam to drop obviously, but the static function did not seem to change for the model tested. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高烈度区大跨度桥梁粘滞阻尼器减震研究

高烈度地震对铁路桥梁安全造成巨大隐患,且次生灾害将引起较大经济损失。该大跨连续梁桥所处地震带正进入活跃期,未来有发生较大规模强烈地震的可能,但桥梁自身不具备高烈度抗震能力,需利用粘滞阻尼器对其进行减震处理。采用斜向设置阻尼器并配合双曲面球型支座,来控制可能发生的纵向和横向地震。通过数值模拟进行阻尼器参数敏感性分析以及减震效果讨论,进而确定其最优设置方案。选取相关参数作为评价指标,对比加设阻尼器前后易损部位的地震响应,确定其在高烈度地震荷载激励下的减震效果。研究结果表明:在液体粘滞阻尼器的作用下,使得各墩协同受力,大大增加了结构的整体性,同时能很好弥补减隔震支座不能很好的控制上部结构位移的缺点,同时能降低罕遇地震力对桥墩的冲击损伤。因此,在高烈度区大跨度桥梁中更有必要设置阻尼器来抗震。     

大跨径拱桥被动减震控制的仿真分析

本文采用现代控制理论对设有耗能减震装置的拱桥结构进行被动减震控制仿真分析,给出了大跨度拱桥在多点激励下的运动微分方程,将拱桥简化成平面杆系模型,给出减震结构的状态方程,然后基于SIMULINK环境下对设有粘滞阻尼器的拱桥减震结构进行动态仿真分析,并考虑了行波效应对减震效果的影响。该方法较之传统的分析方法更简便、有效,分析结果表明设置了耗能器的拱桥结构地震反应有明显的降低。     

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of arch dam-foundation systems- part I dam-foundation rock interaction

The arch dam–foundation rock dynamic interaction and the nonlinear opening and closing effects of contact joints on arch dam are important to the seismic response analysis of arch dams. Up to date, there is not yet a reasonable and rigorous procedure including the two factors in seismic response analysis. The methods for the analysis of arch dam–foundation rock dynamic interaction in frequency domain are not suitable to the problem with nonlinear behaviors, in this paper, so an analysis method in time domain is proposed by combining the explicit finite element method and the transmitting boundary, and the dynamic relaxation technique is adopted to obtain the initial static response for dynamic analysis. Moreover, the influence of arch dam–foundation dynamic interaction with energy dispersion on seismic response of designed Xiaowan arch dam in China is studied by comparing the results of the proposed method and the conventional method with the massless foundation, and the local material nonlinear and nonhomogeneous behaviors of foundation rock are also considered. The reservoir water effect is assumed as Westergaard added mass model in calculation. The influence of the closing–opening effects of contact joints of arch dam on the seismic response will be studied in another paper.     

Parallel computation of seismic analysis of high arch dam

Parallel computation programs are developed for three-dimensional meso-mechanics analysis of fully-graded dam concrete and seismic response analysis of high arch dams （ADs）, based on the Parallel Finite Element Program Generator （PFEPG）. The computational algorithms of the numerical simulation of the meso-structure of concrete specimens were studied. Taking into account damage evolution, static preload, strain rate effect, and the heterogeneity of the meso-structure of dam concrete, the fracture processes of damage evolution and configuration of the cracks can be directly simulated. In the seismic response analysis of ADs, all the following factors are involved, such as the nonlinear contact due to the opening and slipping of the contraction joints, energy dispersion of the far-field foundation, dynamic interactions of the dam-foundation- reservoir system, and the combining effects of seismic action with all static loads. The correctness, reliability and efficiency of the two parallel computational programs are verified with practical illustrations.     

A method for coupled arch dam‐foundation‐reservoir seismic behaviour analysis

This paper presents a method for coupled arch dam–foundation–reservoir seismic behaviour analysis. The dam is discretized by finite elements (FE) and the foundation and reservoir are discretized by boundary elements (BE). The opening of contraction joints and the spatial variability of the seismic action is taken into account. The study of Pacoima dam by this method is also presented. The computed results show that no cracks were to be expected due to the vibrations induced during the Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrative seismic safety evaluation of a high concrete arch dam

An integrative seismic safety evaluation of an arch dam should include all sources of nonlinearities, dynamic interactions between different components and the external loads. The present paper investigates the calibration procedure and nonlinear seismic response of an existing high arch dam. The first part explains the conducted analyses for the static and thermal calibrations of the dam based on site measurements. The second part investigates the nonlinear seismic analysis of the calibrated model considering the effect of joints, cracking of mass concrete, reservoir–dam–rock interaction, hydrodynamic pressure inside the opened joints and the geometric nonlinearity. Penetration of the water inside the opened joints accelerates the damage process. The integrative seismic assessment of a case study shows that the dam will fail under the maximum credible earthquake scenario. The dam is judged to be severely damaged with extensive cracking and the joints undergo opening/sliding. A systematic procedure is proposed for seismic and post-seismic safety of dams.