Global Paleomagnetic Database Supplement number one: Update to 1992

This is the first Supplement to the Manual, first published inSurveys in Geophysics in 1991 and issued also as a separate volume, for the operation of the Global Paleomagnetic Database (GPMDB) using ORACL E. Minor changes have been made to the database structure as foreshadowed in the Manual and major extensions have been made to the MENU involving a new set of command files. These and other changes are detailed and should be read in conjunction with the original Manual. This latest Version 2.2 of the the GPMDB now contains over 7000 results with over 2600 references and covers all published data world-wide up to the end of 1992. Diskettes containing the new data set and accompanying program files may be obtained, as before, from World Data Center A in Boulder, Colorado. Both the updated data set and program files completely replace the original Version 1.4 released in August 1991.     

基于Matlab的强震数据处理技术实现

强震动观测数据通常由强震仪原始二进制加速度记录组成,在国内外相关强震数据库下载的强震记录均为解码、处理后的ASCII格式文本文件,非原始文件,记录格式不同,但均由数据头段和数据区2部分组成。以我国未校正加速度记录(UA)数据格式为例,探讨基于Matlab程序的强震数据处理技术,并识别记录的地震动特性,为强震数据多领域应用提供技术支持。     

NETPATH-WIN: An interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH

NETPATH‐WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass‐balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH‐WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS® environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH‐WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.     

Ein BASIC-Programm zur statistischen Auswertung von mikroskopischen Partikelzählungen

In many biological counting problems it is known that under ideal conditions repeated counts follow a Poisson distribution. This is true, for example, for counts of bacteria in a number of equal volumes from a well-mixed suspension. In order to indicate whether counts show more variability than can usually be expected from a Poisson distribution it is customary to use the index of dispersion. A BASIC-program written for personal computers is given which allows a rapid statistical evaluation of count data by means of the dispersion index. The program can be used, moreover, for some other tasks, too, such as the computation of confidence bounds, the testing of hypotheses and the planning of counting processes.     

基于MapReduce的地震波形数据并行解压缩算法研究

近年来各省级地震台网SEED文件数据量急增。在数据处理过程中,利用原有的串行解压缩算法批量解压缩地震波形数据时存在操作繁琐、耗时较长的问题。本文引入了MapReduce并行编程模型,根据该编程模型思想结合原有串行解压缩算法,提出了一种并行解压缩地震波形数据的算法,并给出了算法的设计与实现。本文从正确性、运行效率以及可扩展性三个方面进行了对比实验,验证了使用并行算法解压缩数据的效率较高,并且能够一次实现批量地震波形数据的解压缩,且操作简单。     

装设粘弹性阻尼器钢筋混凝土结构抗震实用分析

为了设计装设粘弹性阻尼器受控结构、推进此项技术的工程应用,分别利用粘弹性阻尼器的复刚度模型和有限元模型,编制了振型分解反应谱程序和弹性时程分析程序,并对一装设粘弹性阻尼器的16层钢筋混凝土结构和相应原结构在多遇地震下的响应进行了分析。     

PBS 型地震仪 CF 卡 FAT32文件系统原理与实现

阐述 PBS 型地震仪 CF 卡的工作原理、硬件电路接口设计及底层驱动设计,并按照 FAT32文件系统格式,实现文件存储,可方便地震记录文件在 Windows 系统下的识读,为后期数据分析与解释提供便利。     

WATIN—A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR GENERATING INPUT FILES FOR WATEQF

Abstract. WATIN is a FORTRAN 77 program for creating and modifying input files of analytical data for WATEQF, the aqueous geochemical speciation/saturation model. WATIN uses menus to display information about the data file and to accept new information from the user. In addition to providing basic editing functions, WATIN provides default values for WATEQF parameters and checks for errors and inconsistencies in the data file. WATIN simplifies and streamlines access to WATEQF for both researchers and students, and along with WATEQF, can be an important part of a geochemical data analysis system.     

Phast4Windows: A 3D Graphical User Interface for the Reactive‐Transport Simulator PHAST

Phast4Windows is a Windows® program for developing and running groundwater‐flow and reactive‐transport models with the PHAST simulator. This graphical user interface allows definition of grid‐independent spatial distributions of model properties—the porous media properties, the initial head and chemistry conditions, boundary conditions, and locations of wells, rivers, drains, and accounting zones—and other parameters necessary for a simulation. Spatial data can be defined without reference to a grid by drawing, by point‐by‐point definitions, or by importing files, including ArcInfo® shape and raster files. All definitions can be inspected, edited, deleted, moved, copied, and switched from hidden to visible through the data tree of the interface. Model features are visualized in the main panel of the interface, so that it is possible to zoom, pan, and rotate features in three dimensions (3D). PHAST simulates single phase, constant density, saturated groundwater flow under confined or unconfined conditions. Reactions among multiple solutes include mineral equilibria, cation exchange, surface complexation, solid solutions, and general kinetic reactions. The interface can be used to develop and run simple or complex models, and is ideal for use in the classroom, for analysis of laboratory column experiments, and for development of field‐scale simulations of geochemical processes and contaminant transport.     

湖泊数据库数据结构详析

湖泊数据库为湖泊科学定量化研究、宏观决策分析提供了丰富的基础数据。对于如何提取数据库信息，为应用目的服务，必须了解湖泊数据库数据结构。本文概略地描述了湖泊数据信息种类，分析了湖泊空间信息和非空间信息的数据结构，尤其对关系数据库数据文件作了详细剖析，给出了调用数据文件的Ｃ语言源程序。     

Distance Preservation and Index Adjustment in Hierarchical Clustering–HIERAG IV,a Turbo Pascal Program

Hierarchical clustering is a powerful tool for evaluating multivariate data as for instance about water samples. Results are illustrated by dendrograms which can be understood not only as means of classification but also as a kind of object display. It seems reasonable to preserve as well as possible original inter-object distances within the dendrogram. For the classical hierarchical algorithms a correction by index adjustment is proposed. This procedure may lead to more reliable results. Practical and simulated data examples are discussed. A formula for distance-updating in the case of relative distance preservation is constructed. Finally an advanced version of the program HIERAG in Turbo Pascal is listed. This program uses INTEGER-type variables for inter-object distances instead of REAL-type ones.     

Structure of the Basic Software and Hardware Complex of the System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

The objective of the present study is to design a basic software and hardware complex (SHC) of a seismometric monitoring system for buildings and structures recommended for serial production. To do this, the authors used modern methods and principles of designing software and hardware systems. The system is methodologically based on the engineering-seismometric method. This method uses recording of spatial vibrations of an object as a result of microseisms of natural and anthropogenic origin. Next, dynamic and elastic characteristics of the structure are determined by vibrations that make it possible to evaluate its technical condition. As a result of conducted studies, the authors defined the main technical and functional requirements for the monitoring system for a wide range of applications. A three-level structure of a modular technical condition monitoring system is proposed for discussion. This structure makes it possible to create an extensible open system in which the number of measuring channels can be easily increased by increasing the number of plugin standard modules. In addition, the system can both record seismic events, earthquakes, and perform seismometric monitoring by microseisms. In order to represent the main processes and structure of the proposed basic complex of the system in the case of its full operation, the authors developed a functional model of the system. The model is based on a data flow diagram that describes the processes of collecting, processing, storing, analyzing, and presenting seismometric monitoring data. The functioning of the proposed complex is briefly described. The input data of the complex are the vibrations of the structure recorded at observation points using three-component geophones. Then, the seismic signal recorder collects, amplifies, digitizes, and transmits data to the server. The server either records seismic events and then evaluates their impact on the structure or carries out a planned recording of microseisms in order to monitor the technical condition of the structure and stores vibration data in the corresponding files. If an earthquake is detected, the system notifies the responsible personnel. Records of microseisms are used by the data processing software to compute the statistical parameters of vibrations and complex transfer functions according to the spectra of which the operator manually selects the values of natural frequencies. Seismic monitoring data processing software evaluates elastic characteristics by a number of natural frequencies using a mathematical design model of the structure vibrations. On the basis of the analysis of the change in the obtained dynamic and elastic characteristics and taking into account the effect of external factors, the software generates information for monitoring the technical condition of the structure. These results, as well as data of the evaluation of the event impact on the structure, are the output data of the system.     

全国地震前兆数据入库处理

详细介绍了前兆数据入库处理软件Doqzh的功能特点、 工作参数文件、 数据入库流程、 两种数据入库模式、 错误处理、 工作日志文件以及支持的观测日志文件格式等。 该软件可对多种前兆数据、 观测日志以及电子月报表等进行入库处理, 对数据入库操作进行优化, 大大提高了数据入库效率, 且实现了数据入库操作的全程自动化, 包括连接数据库服务器、 连接FTP服务器、 下载文件、 备份文件、 数据包解压缩、 入库、 记录数据压缩包统计信息、 退出程序等。 该软件是国家地震前兆台网中心数据处理系统的核心软件, 在国家地震前兆台网中心和多个省级前兆台网中心收到了很好的应用效果, 为全国地震前兆数据的汇集和共享以及中国地震局的大华北数据共享任务起到了关键的作用。     

River flow forecasting system with data management,graphical river network control and interactive operation

Abstract

The feasibility and success of a forecasting system depend on many factors. Although the models may be of the highest accuracy, they cannot make a forecasting system effective without a well organized database and interpretable output. The interaction between the processes of data management, computation and output presentation should be dynamic. A complete river forecasting system for IBM (or compatible) personal computers aimed at meeting the above demands has been developed at the Department of Hydrology of Uppsala University. The program package sets up the river network, stores a database for it, supplies the appropriate data for a wide choice of forecasting models, and gives interpretable output. The functions are supported by screen graphics. The paper presents this system, the most important points of the algorithms, and an example application.     

Using targeted short‐term field investigations to calibrate and evaluate the structure of a hydrological model

This study combines the application of a hydrological model with the use of field data derived from short period measurement campaigns at two sites, one a low topography forested area and the other a steep grassland catchment. The main objective was to determine if the structure of the widely used Pitman model could be considered appropriate for simulating the field data. The model is typically applied at coarse spatial and temporal (1 month) scales, while the tests reported here use data from small catchments and are applied in a daily version of the model. The results demonstrate the importance of ensuring that field observations are measuring the same hydrological variables as the model simulations. At one study site, there was a mismatch in the soil moisture data that was corrected by incorporating a two‐layer soil algorithm into the model. The model results from both field sites identified the sensitivity of the model to assumptions about evaporative demands and indicate that the model structure is very sensitive to the potential evaporation inputs. The overall conclusion is that the model structure is generally appropriate for simulating the hydrological responses at the two sites, but that there remain some unresolved uncertainties about specific model components and the use of certain types of input data. The study lends support for the future development of a more complete daily version of this widely used model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黑龙江省数字化区域前兆台网AFTS系统的设计开发

针对数字化前兆数据文件多且数据量越来越大的特点,笔者研究了黑龙江省数字化区域前兆台网中心前兆数据流的传输模式,采用DOS脚本和汇编语言,设计开发了台网前兆数据每日自动下载和台站每日数据自动拨号传输的系统--Auto Fik Transmission Systern For Seismic Prectlsor Network Center By Ftp Service(简称AFTS Version 1.5).该系统减少了台网(站)值班人员每日数据处理的工作量,台网版部分整个运行过程不需人为干预,每日自动传输规定文件并生成传输文件,情况记录日志,提高了前兆数据文件网络传输效率.     

1DTempPro V2: New Features for Inferring Groundwater/Surface‐Water Exchange

A new version of the computer program 1DTempPro extends the original code to include new capabilities for (1) automated parameter estimation, (2) layer heterogeneity, and (3) time‐varying specific discharge. The code serves as an interface to the U.S. Geological Survey model VS2DH and supports analysis of vertical one‐dimensional temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions to assess groundwater/surface‐water exchange and estimate hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known.     

CT图像三维重建

本文对由二维断面序列图像重建人体器官三维结构实现进行了研究。通过ＣＴ磁带媒介实现断面图像的获取，保障了输入数据的精度；基于形状的目标内插产生二值体数据，避免了线性灰度插值造成的物体表面边界模糊，并减少了分割的工作量；采用一种改进的扫描线编码对二值体数据进行压缩，在ＰＣ机有限的资源下实现了三维物体的快速旋转和多种方式显示。     

Efficient Calibration/Uncertainty Analysis Using Paired Complex/Surrogate Models

The use of detailed groundwater models to simulate complex environmental processes can be hampered by (1) long run‐times and (2) a penchant for solution convergence problems. Collectively, these can undermine the ability of a modeler to reduce and quantify predictive uncertainty, and therefore limit the use of such detailed models in the decision‐making context. We explain and demonstrate a novel approach to calibration and the exploration of posterior predictive uncertainty, of a complex model, that can overcome these problems in many modelling contexts. The methodology relies on conjunctive use of a simplified surrogate version of the complex model in combination with the complex model itself. The methodology employs gradient‐based subspace analysis and is thus readily adapted for use in highly parameterized contexts. In its most basic form, one or more surrogate models are used for calculation of the partial derivatives that collectively comprise the Jacobian matrix. Meanwhile, testing of parameter upgrades and the making of predictions is done by the original complex model. The methodology is demonstrated using a density‐dependent seawater intrusion model in which the model domain is characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity.