共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
熵,已经成为当今非常广泛的科学领域中普遍关注的问题。爱因斯坦就曾说过:“熵理论,对于整个科学来说是第一法则”。在本文中,我们提出农业气象熵的初步设想,与同志们商榷 一、熵的概念 尽管克劳修斯对熵作了严格的数学推导,但仍使人感到抽象,我们将一些科学家对熵的表述写出,有助于我们理解。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
熵分析在气象上的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1引言以往我们常用某些要素的平均值的大小与分布来分析气候特征,但由于天气与气候本身都是变化的;故而采用某一能够反映天气与气候变化的不确定性特点的统计量来分析某地气候特点,更具有合理性。近代统计分析中的摘可用来表示某些要素变化的不确定的程度。它可以表示为其中k是结局的数目,P是出现第i个现象的概率,对某个i现象,如Pi=0或Pi=1,则H=0,它表示完全确定的,而当P=1/K时,H达到最大,这时就有最大的不确定性,故可用滴的大小来表示不确定性,搞愈大,就表示实验的结果愈不确定。本文就是利用上面指出的滴的性质来表… 相似文献
8.
9.
张学文 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1987,(7)
桌子有一条闭合的线,它弯成什么形状时曲线包围的面积最大?很多人都知道它呈园形时所包围的面积最大. 墙上两个钉子上拴着一根比较长的绳子.由于绳子的自身重量,它的中央部分就下垂的很低.我们能找出绳子下垂的形态所对应的笛卡尔坐标系中的方程式吗?数学上告诉我们这种曲线叫悬链线.它有一个解析 相似文献
10.
11.
In this paper a parameterization of nonuniform distribution of precipitation has been madefrom the aspect of the maximum entropy theory.Results from theory and observation show that,the density function of precipitation depth on the subgrid scale over the grid area of a climate modelis the function of the gamma distribution.On this basis,the relative coverage of snow in the regionoccupied by vegetation in the grid area of a model is parameterized.Meanwhile the calculatedresults from the parameterizations are also compared with those from the empirical formulas bysome other meteorologists.Results show that it is feasible to parameterize the nonuniformdistribution of precipitation over the grid area at the angle of entropy theory. 相似文献
12.
13.
气象仪器测量误差比较的n重制约法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
把用于比较气象仪器误差的“三重制约法”推广为“n重制约法”,并给出数学推导及一个实例。结果表明该方法是有效的,在没有标准仪器的情况下,可用此方法同时检验多台仪器测量精度的优劣。 相似文献
14.
With temperatures increasing as a result of global warming,extreme high temperatures are becoming more intense and more frequent on larger scale during summer in China.In recent years,a variety of researches have examined the high temperature distribution in China.However,it hardly considers the variation of temperature data and systems when defining the threshold of extreme high temperature.In order to discern the spatio-temporal distribution of extreme heat in China,we examined the daily maximum temperature data of 83 observation stations in China from 1950 to 2008.The objective of this study was to understand the distribution characteristics of extreme high temperature events defined by Detrended Fluctuation Analysis(DFA).The statistical methods of Permutation Entropy(PE)were also used in this study to analyze the temporal distribution.The results showed that the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China presented 3 periods of 7,10—13 and 16—20 years,respectively.The abrupt changes generally happened in the 1960s,the end of 1970s and early 1980s.It was also found that the maximum frequency occurred in the early 1950s,and the frequency decreased sharply until the late 1980s when an evidently increasing trend emerged.Furthermore,the annual averaged frequency of extreme high temperature events reveals a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend from southwest to northeast China,but an increasing-decreasing trend from southeast to northwest China.And the frequency was higher in southern region than that in northern region.Besides,the maximum and minimum of frequencies were relatively concentrated spatially.Our results also shed light on the reasons for the periods and abrupt changes of the frequency of extreme high temperature events in China. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
为进一步掌握我国大陆极端高温的时空分布特征,利用去趋势波动分析法确定全国83 个站点极端高温阈值,通过排列熵方法检测全国10 个区的极端高温周期和突变。结果表明,我国大陆极端高温频数主要以7 年、10~13 年和16~20 年三大周期变化;突变主要发生在1960 年代、1970 年代末和1980 年代初;1950 年代初极端高温频率年值最大,而后急剧下降,直至1980 年代中后期才出现明显的增长趋势;极端高温年频数均值南方较北方大,且大、小频数分布区域集中。 相似文献
18.
本文介绍气象产品综合输入输出系统的特点、结构及功能,对综合多种气象产品输入输出业务集于一种人机交互界面中的技术要点及其运行环境要求进行了探讨。关键词:##4气象产品;;中文菜单;;节目库;;输入输出 相似文献
19.
P. N. Mahajan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1990,4(2):231-238
In this paper,an attempt has been made to find out the vertical distribution of RH at levels of 850,700 and 500 hPa by using satellite-derived radiation parameters (i.e.,albedo,outgoing longwave fluxes,absorbed solar radiation and net radiation).For this purpose,multiple regression equations are derived from MONEX-79 upsonde and dropsonde data over the Arabian Sea for the period 11-20 June 1979.Satellite-estimated RH fields have been compared with ECMWF RH fields obtained from FGGE level ⅢB data.The RMS error and error variance for satellite-estimated RH fields have been found to be less than for those of ECMWF.Satellite-estimated isohygric patterns show good agreement with the cloudiness patterns of GOES satellite,whereas ECMWF isohygric patterns do not show much resemblance with the cloudiness patterns.The results of the study suggest that satellite-estimated RH fields could be more useful than ECMWF RHfields and they can be used with some confidence in NWP models. 相似文献
20.
气候变化背景下广东冬种生产季气象灾害时空分布特征 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
根据生产实践,影响广东冬种生产的主要气象灾害为寒害、干旱、低温阴雨。从程度和频度两个方面分析气候变暖前后1961—1996年与1997—2015年两个时段广东冬种生产季气象灾害变化特征。结果表明,1997年以来(气候变暖后),(1)寒害、低温阴雨均呈明显减弱趋势,为冬种生产提供了更为有利的气候条件;(2)寒害偏重发生频率明显减弱,广东大部分地区处在频率 < 30%的区域;(3)干旱偏重发生频率增加,其中频率>30%的区域有所增加,主要分布在粤北、潮汕、茂名和湛江等地区;(4)低温阴雨偏重发生频率明显减弱,广东大部分地区处在频率 < 30%的区域。 相似文献