旅游城市化背景下的环渤海滨海城市气候舒适性评价

旅游城市化已成为多元城市化过程中的一种重要模式,而气候条件又是旅游城市化道路的重要限制条件。基于环渤海主要滨海城市10个站点1951-2011年气温、风速、降水、相对湿度等气象数据,利用人体气候舒适度（BCMI）的计算方法,设计人体旅游气候舒适度等级标准,评价环渤海主要滨海城市不同时期气候舒适性及其差异与成因。结果表明：①环渤海滨海旅游地在一年中的6-9月处于人体气候舒适性的5级,即最为舒适;4月、5月和10月感觉凉爽,大部分人感觉舒适;②大连、锦州、丹东、营口、威海等城市夏季气候湿润、气温适中,是我国避暑疗养的旅游胜地;③潍坊（7月）、天津（7、8月）、沧州（7、8月）、滨州（7、8月）等地气温较高,舒适性较差,然而这些地区以及威海在4月、10月的人体气候舒适度要高于大连、锦州、丹东、营口、唐山,更适于旅游;④气温低、风大、干旱是环渤海滨海旅游地在非舒适期内（11月-3月）的普遍特征。     

中国西部热点城市旅游气候舒适度

在温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数测定的基础上,构建了一个新的综合气候舒适度评价模型,分析计算了我国西部11个热点城市旅游气候舒适度,划分出适宜于旅游的季节分布,并对旅游气候舒适度的南北差异进行比较。依据舒适期的年内分布划分为3种类型:夏适型包括乌鲁木齐等5个城市,年内气候舒适度呈倒U形变化,不舒适期较长;春秋适宜型包括成都等5个城市,无不舒适期,气候舒适度呈M形变化;冬适型为南宁市,全年无不舒适期,气候舒适度呈U字形变化。夏季气候舒适度指数随纬度升高而增大,北方旅游具有更高的气候舒适性;冬季气候舒适度随纬度降低而升高,南方旅游具有更高的气候舒适性。年综合气候舒适指数随纬度的降低呈上升趋势,说明南方具有更长的旅游气候舒适期,这是造成我国南北旅游业发展差异的重要因素。     

四川省山地旅游气候资源评价

气候是重要的旅游资源,是旅游地的主要旅游吸引物。利用西南地区56个气象台站1971—2000年的气象观测数据,采用旅游气候指数法,根据旅游气候指数和海拔之间的回归方程,结合Arc GIS技术,对四川省山地旅游气候舒适度进行评价,分析四川省山地旅游气候资源时空分布。结果表明,四川省全年旅游气候都在可接受的舒适范围内,春季和秋季山地旅游气候指数最高,为最佳旅游时期。就月份而言,4月最高,7月最低。从地区分布来看,不同地区旅游气候舒适期不同,川东丘陵地区旅游气候舒适期为春季和秋季,川西北高山高原地区为春季和夏季。盆周山地区旅游气候全年舒适,四季旅游气候指数均较高,是四川省旅游气候资源优势最突出的地区,总面积达到186 000 km~2,约占全省总面积的38.4%。四川省山地旅游气候资源丰富,呈"两类三区"分布,四川旅游应高度重视旅游气候资源的高效利用。     

广西地形分布与前汛期降水时空变化关系

采用广西88个测站1959-2006年4-6月月平均降水资料,运用小波分析、EOF、REOF、新型区域旱涝指数等方法,研究了广西前汛期不同区域降水的长期变化特征。结果表明:(1)广西前汛期降水异常可分为8个地形空间分布型:桂东南、桂东北、桂东、桂西、桂西南、桂西北、桂南及桂中;(2)各异常区代表站降水的时间演变特征、不同年代盛行的主要周期均有所差异,但大部分区都存在2～4 a的短周期和12～14 a的长周期变化;(3)上世纪60年代全区性大涝大旱,70年代除桂西、桂西北外的其它地区平均气候态均以湿润状态为主,而80年代除桂西南、桂南外其它区以干旱状态为主要特征,进入90年代后出现局地敏感气候区。     

南宁市旅游气候适宜性分析

气候条件既是旅游业得以发展的基础条件,又是重要的旅游资源之一.本文选取了陆鼎煌的综合舒适度指标对南宁市的旅游气候适宜性进行定量评价,可知南宁市的旅游气候舒适度高,表现为舒适程度高,舒适期长.在旅游气候适宜性方面也有着旅游气候宜人,自然景观优美等的优势;但也存在夏季持续时间长且温度较高,气候类型单一,特殊气象景观类型少等方面的劣势.该评价结果能较好地反映南宁市的旅游气候状况,为人们在南宁市的旅游活动提供参考.并建议南宁市利用其旅游气候优势大力发展避寒、会展、度假等都市旅游项目.     

南宁市旅游气候适宜性分析

气候条件既是旅游业得以发展的基础条件,又是重要的旅游资源之一.本文选取了陆鼎煌的综合舒适度指标对南宁市的旅游气候适宜性进行定量评价,可知南宁市的旅游气候舒适度高,表现为舒适程度高,舒适期长.在旅游气候适宜性方面也有着旅游气候宜人,自然景观优美等的优势;但也存在夏季持续时间长且温度较高,气候类型单一,特殊气象景观类型少等方面的劣势.该评价结果能较好地反映南宁市的旅游气候状况,为人们在南宁市的旅游活动提供参考.并建议南宁市利用其旅游气候优势大力发展避寒、会展、度假等都市旅游项目.     

广州市旅游气候舒适度对旅游客流量的影响分析

气候条件是影响旅游目的地发展的重要因素。运用1981~2010年广州市气候资料,利用温湿指数、风寒指数、着衣指数和旅游气候舒适度模型对广州市旅游舒适度进行评价,发现广州市1月、2月、3月、11月、12月为旅游气候舒适月份,4月为较为舒适月份,5月、6月、9月、10月为较不舒适月份,7月、8月为不舒适月份。运用2011~2015年广州市入境游客和国内游客的客流量资料进行客流量分析,并与气候舒适度变化趋势进行比较,发现广州市的气候舒适度与客流量的变化趋势存在一定的偏离现象,在气候舒适的1月、2月、3月客流量与气候舒适度呈现反方向变化态势。运用OLS方法对客流量月指数与气候舒适度指数进行回归模拟发现气候舒适度对客流量变化具有一定的影响作用,气候舒适度每变化一个单位,国际客流量月指数增加或减少0.377%,国内客流量月指数增加或减少0.538%。     

中国30°N、35°N线城市气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系

我国地形西高东低、呈三级阶梯,这种地形格局必然影响到气候要素及旅游气候舒适度的东西向分布。选取30°N和35°N线各19个城市,依据气候观测数据计算了各地温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数,划分了气候舒适期和非舒适期,分析了气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系,结论如下:(1)地形三级阶梯对气候的影响首先是对月均温度的影响,以1月、4月、7月和10月为代表,分析地表温度随着海拔高度的变化,发现夏季温差较大,而冬季温差较小,并随纬度升高而温差幅度增大;(2)各城市典型月温湿指数与地形三级阶梯呈现相应的变化,在横断山海拔3 000 m处,各月温湿指数有一个明显的突变,夏季温湿指数差异较大,冬季温湿指数差异较小;(3)各城市气候舒适期、非舒适期呈反对称分布,东部一级阶梯因夏季高温,舒适期5～7个月、非舒适期4～6个月,中部二级阶梯舒适期长达6～8个月、非舒适期4～5个月,西部三级阶梯舒适期只有0～4个月,非舒适期达8～12个月。本研究揭示了我国旅游气候舒适度的东西差异,为宏观旅游开发提供了气候学的参考。     

中国东部沿海沿边城市旅游气候舒适度评价

在温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数测定的基础上,构建了一个新的综合气候舒适度评价模型,该模型具有可比较和可加和等特点.运用新的模型,分析了我国东部沿海26个热点城市气候舒适度,划分出适宜于旅游活动的等级和时段分布,并对气候舒适度的南北变化进行了分析.依据最适期的年内分布将其划分为3种旅游气候类型:夏适型气候以哈尔滨为代表,春秋适宜型气候以北京和南京为代表,冬适型气候以海口为代表.从气候舒适度指数的南北差异来看,夏季气候舒适度指数随纬度升高而增大,北方具有更高的旅游气候舒适性;冬季气候舒适度随纬度降低而升高,南方具有更高的旅游气候舒适性.调查了4个代表城市的入境旅游客流量年内变化,揭示了入境客流量年内变化和南北差异,划分出旅游旺季、旅游平季和旅游淡季,其中哈尔滨客流量年内变化呈"W"形,北京和南京的客流量年内变化呈"M"形,海口的客流量年内变化上"凹"弧形.在客流量月指数与气候舒适度指数比较的基础上,通过对特殊因子的数值化,采用虚拟变量的回归分析方法,建立了入境旅游客流量月指数模拟模型.     

广西森林转型与森林扰动遥感监测研究

近20年来由于封山育林政策的实施和人工乔木林的大面积种植,广西森林面积大幅增加,正在经历深刻的森林转型,森林转型过程中农林交错带和森林内部的结构重组都给生态系统带来了不容忽视的扰动。本文基于2000—2016年MODIS-EVI影像数据、1∶100万地貌图和4期土地利用数据,采用变化矢量法和Sen+Mann-Kendall对广西进行森林转型背景下的森林转型路径和森林内部扰动特征分析。研究表明:自2000年以来广西森林的EVI变化强度以无变化和低变化类型为主,总体EVI上升趋势略大于下降趋势,EVI显著下降主要分布于十万大山、大瑶山、海洋山和越城岭等山地区域和桂西北的百色水利枢纽和龙滩水利枢纽周围,显著上升部分主要集中于桂中南的左江-邕江-郁江流域平原丘陵区、桂西南喀斯特区和桂东北山地区地势低平的河谷地带。广西森林面积增加的土地来源于耕地和草地,森林转型路径表现为"经济增长型"和"森林短缺型"两种路径并存,或者存在更为复杂的复合型路径。广西森林内部扰动的减少型和扰动型分布于桂西北喀斯特和桂东北山地起伏度较大的陡坡区域,增加型分布于桂中南的平原丘陵地区。由于山地陡坡区域和喀斯特地区的生态敏感性,应更多关注扰动型和减少型在桂西北和桂东北地区的集中分布问题。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,