海水液压水下作业工具

２１世纪人类将全面进入海洋开发时代,各种海洋水下工程都需要大量的水下作业。对体积小,重量轻、灵活方便、驱动功率又大、高效节能、与环境相容的水下作业工具将是现代水下作业的首选装备。本文在分析比较现有几类水下作业用机械工具特点的基础上,着重论述海水液压水下作业工具的突出优越性,并介绍近年来国际上关于海水液压水下作业工具的研究和发展情况,以供水下作业工具使用和研究开发工作者参考。     

海水液压水下作业工具系统的微生物污染和腐蚀

海水液压水下作业工具直接用海水作为工作介质，具有许多用油作价质所不可比拟的优点。然而，用海水作为工作介质也面临着许多挑战，微生物的污染和腐蚀即是其中之一。本文在分析微生物造成的危害的基础上，对现有的防止办法进行了分析和比较，并提出了防止水下作业工具系统生物污染和腐蚀的措施。     

海水液压水下作用工具

２１世纪人类将全面进入海洋开发时代,各种海洋水下工程都需要大量的水下作业。对体积小,重量轻、灵活方便、驱动功率双大、高效节能、与环境相容的水下作业工具将是现代水下作业的首选装备。本文在分析比较现有几类水下作用机械工具特点的基础上,着重讨论海水液压水下作用工具的突出优越性,并介绍了近年来国际上关于海水液压水下作业工具的研究和发展情况,以供水下作业工具使用和研究开发工作者参考。     

海水液压驱动的水下作业工具系统

论文介绍了海水液压作业工具系统的工作原理、关键技术问题及样机和试验结果。该系统同电动、气动或油压工具相比,具有诸多独特的优势,在海洋开发、船舶工程等领域均有广阔的应用前景。     

水下作业工具液压动力源的研制

通过水下作业工具的有关技术的介绍 ,阐述了液压动力源的基本构成及工作原理 ,设计了水压力自动补偿器可消除深水压力对工具系统的影响 ,最后 ,经过试验验证了理论的正确性     

海水液压传动技术及其在海洋开发中的应用

海水液压传动技术是国际上近年来为适应海洋开发而发展起来的一门新技术,是液压传动技术的一个重要发展方向,由于其抗燃性好,特别是和海洋环境相容、没有环境污染、效率高,而越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要论述海水液压传动技术的突出优越性,并介绍国内外关于海水液压传动技术的研究及在海洋开发中的应用情况,供我国海洋开发工作者参考．     

痕量金属标准海水的研制

本文介绍了以海水为基体的痕量金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn)标准物质的制备、均匀性和稳定性,经试验,在一年零三个月时间内各元素的浓度值为Cu5.0±0.4、Pb10.0±0.6、Cd1.00±0.06、Cr5.0±0.4、Zn70±3μg/kg。     

海水中硒标准物质的研制

本文介绍了海水中硒标准物质的研制过程，其中包括溶液的配制、均匀性和稳定性检验以及标样的分析方法。并对标准物质的定值数据进行统计处理，海水中硒两种浓度的定值结果分别为１．００±０．０５μｇ／ｃｍ３和２０．０±１．２μｇ／ｄｍ３。稳定期均为一年。     

多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统建模与仿真

为缓解淡水资源短缺及化石能源过度使用问题,提出多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统,该系统主要由采能装置、液压传递系统与反渗透膜海水淡化设备组成。系统的采能装置采用振荡浮子式,可将波浪能转换为浮子振荡从而被液压系统吸收达到采集波浪能的目的。为了提高液压式波浪能海水淡化系统的采能效率及淡水率,利用AMEsim软件对液压传递系统进行建模与仿真,分析了蓄能器、浮子个数及波高对液压传递系统输出响应的影响。结果表明:蓄能器能够使液压马达的输出响应更加稳定;当浮子的数量增加时,液压系统达到稳定的运行状态所需的时间更短,从而有利于提高系统的效率;波高在2 m左右时,本系统的产水量达到最大。     

液压型潮流能发电系统叶轮最大功率控制

文章为解决水平轴潮流能发电系统在低于设计流速下叶轮能量捕获效率低的问题,运用最大功率跟踪控制理论及叶轮与变量泵传动轴力矩平衡方程,建立了变量泵反力矩参考值模型,设计了间接速度控制的压力反馈加转矩控制系统,通过小范围内调节变量泵排量,实现叶轮最大功率捕获。整个系统的性能在自动化工作室(automation studio)中进行了仿真测试,实验样机也进行了海上试验。仿真测试和海试结果显示,该控制系统工作稳定性好,仿真和海试时叶轮的捕获功率系数分别在0.35和0.33附近波动,相比不加控制,分别增加了约0.03和0.05,提高了叶轮的捕获效率,验证了控制系统的有效性。     

自治水下机器人机械手系统协调运动研究

简单描述了自治水下机器人搭载的三功能水下电动机械手的设计,鉴于自治水下机器人-机械手系统运动学冗余、内部可能干涉以及载体圆筒式外形等特点,将惩罚调节因子引入系统运动学伪逆矩阵,保证了关节在允许范围内运动,避免载体大幅度姿态变化及载体与机械手之间的干涉,同时采用梯度投影法优化海流作用下的系统推力。仿真表明,该算法在解决系统冗余度的同时,有效地协调多任务下的系统动作。     

一个水声扩频通信系统设计与实现

严重的多途衰落、多普勒频偏是水声通信中引起误码的主要原因。低功耗、远距离、高隐蔽性、低信噪比检测、高可靠性的数据传输是水声通信的一个发展方向。设计并实现了一个水声扩频通信系统,有效地解决了以上问题,并采用快速相关算法,代替传统的矢量与矩阵相乘运算,极大地减少了程序的运行量,从而实时地处理接收信号。通过湖试和海试,验证了此通信系统的优良性能。     

Analysis of EMD algorithm for identification and extraction of an acoustic signal in underwater channel against wind driven ambient noise

Sonar generated acoustic signals transmitted in underwater channel for distant communications are affected by numerous factors like ambient noise, making them nonlinear and non-stationary in nature. In recent years, the application of Empirical Mode Decomposition （EMD） technique to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary signals has gained much attention. It is an empirical approach to decompose a signal into a set of oscillatory modes known as intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）. In general, Hilbert transform is used in EMD for the identification of oscillatory signals. In this paper anew EMD algorithm is proposed using FFT to identify and extract the acoustic signals available in the underwater channel that are corrupted due to various ambient noises over a range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz in a shallow water region.Data for analysis are collected at a depth of 5 m and 10 m offshore Chennai at the Bay of Bengal. The algorithm is validated for different sets of known and unknown reference signals. It is observed that the proposed EMD algorithmidentifies and extracts the reference signals against various ambient noises. Significant SNR improvement is alsoachieved for underwater acoustic signals.     

Development of a skill assessment tool for the Korea operational oceanographic system

A standard skill assessment(SA) tool was developed and implemented to evaluate the performance of operational forecast models in the Korea operational oceanographic system.The SA tool provided a robust way to assess model skill in the system by comparing predictions and observations,and involved the computation of multiple skill metrics including correlation and error skills.User-and system-based acceptance criteria of skill metrics were applied to determine whether predictions were acceptable for the system.To achieve this,the tool produced a time series comparison plot,a skill score table,and an advanced summarized diagram to effectively demonstrate the multiple skill scores.Moreover,the SA was conducted to evaluate both atmospheric and hydrodynamic forecast variables.For the atmospheric variables,acceptable error criteria were preferable to acceptable correlation criteria over short timescales,since the mean square error overwhelmed the observation variance.Conversely,for the hydrodynamic variables,acceptable root mean square percentage error(e.g.,p erms) criteria were preferable to acceptable error(e.g.,erms) criteria owing to the spatially variable tidal intensity around the Korean Peninsula.Furthermore,the SA indicated that predetermined acceptance error criteria were appropriate to satisfy a target central frequency(fc) for which errors fell within the specified limits(i.e.,the fc equals 70%).     

In-situ survey of nanomolar manganese in seawater using an autonomous underwater vehicle around a volcanic crater at Teishi Knoll,Sagami Bay,Japan

We present the results of a chemical survey at a submarine volcano, Teishi Knoll, obtained using a submersible in-situ Mn analyzer (GAMOS) mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platform. During this survey, high-resolution data of dissolved Mn were obtained in three dimensions in nearly real time. The AUV enabled continuous detailed observations along a preprogrammed pathway, which could not have been performed with conventional CTD hydrocasts. During this observation, anomalously high dissolved Mn concentrations were obtained within the crater, corresponding to high water temperatures. The anomalies might be a hydrothermal signature due to volcanic activity from the crater.