新一代高精度高灵敏度的表面热电离质谱仪(Triton TI)的Nd同位素测定

利用在南京大学成矿作用研究国家重点实验室建立的新一代高精度高灵敏度的表面热电离质谱仪 (TritonTI) ,可以实现比以往更高精度的Nd同位素测定。 3个国际溶液标样的反复测定结果NdLaJolla :14 3 Nd/ 14 4 Nd为 0 .5 1184 2± 4 ;NdJN di 1:14 3 Nd/ 14 4 Nd为 0 .5 12 10 4± 6 ;NdJMC :14 3 Nd/ 14 4 Nd为 0 .5 115 87± 10。 1个国际岩石标样的测试结果BCR 2 :14 3 Nd/ 14 4 Nd为 0 5 12 6 2 4± 3。上述测试结果与国际上很多实验室的测试结果一致 ,但测试精度优于以往。综合分析表明 ,利用这一最新型号的表面热电离质谱仪 (TritonTI) ,可以实现高精度的Nd同位素组成测试 ,测试精度一般优于 5× 10 -6。     

Reconstruction of phosphate formation environments (from data on distribution of lanthanides)

The criteria for the evaluation of the REE composition of phosphorites and sedimentary rocks have been determined. These data are required to reconstruct depositional environments. Literature data on the geochemistry of some phosphorite deposits of Eurasia are considered. The REE patterns of Mesozoic phosphorites of the East European Platform are studied. On the basis of REE contents, the ratios of lanthanides and fields on the La–(Nd + Sm)–(Y + Dy), La–(Ce + Nd + Sm)–(Y + Dy), and LREE–MREE–(HREE×10) diagrams have been determined as indicators of climate and the depth and facies conditions of sedimentation.     

海洋Nd同位素演化及古洋流循环示踪研究

海洋Nd同位素演化已经成为示踪陆源风化输入和洋流循环改变的最重要的手段之一,得到了越来越多的应用,并取得了许多重要的成果。海水的Nd同位素组成主要受陆源输入物质控制,热液输入几乎可以忽略。由于Nd在海洋中的停留时间(约500～1000a)略小于海水的平均混合时间(约1500a),且各洋盆有不同的Nd同位素风化输入,因此现代各大洋海水具有不同的Nd同位素组成。在陆源输入稳定的情况下,可以利用海水的Nd同位素组成和演化来示踪水体的混合或洋流循环的改变。目前主要依靠对海洋中水成铁锰结壳、海洋钙质有孔虫壳体、磷酸质鱼骨头或鱼牙齿化石以及沉积物中铁锰氧化物组分等的研究来恢复和反演古海水的Nd同位素组成和演化。4种分析材料各有其优缺点。其中,通过对水成铁锰结壳的Nd同位素分析,基本建立了各大洋新生代以来的主要洋流的Nd同位素组成的长尺度演化。通过有孔虫壳体、鱼化石碎片和沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物组分可以进行高时间分辨率的古海水Nd同位素演化示踪。利用海水Nd同位素演化可以示踪古洋流通道的开启或闭合,以及获得水体交换的直接信息,为研究构造运动与气候变化之间的关系提供指示。同时,将海水Nd同位素演化与气候变化的指标结合起来,可以用于示踪各种气候条件下洋流循环的改变,将洋流循环的改变与气候变化联系起来,研究两者之间的成因关系。对表层水体的Nd同位素组成的研究则可以示踪不同气候条件下大陆陆源风化输入的改变。     

山东蓬莱、临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的钕、锶同位素组成

本文报道了鲁东和鲁西新生代碱性玄武岩13个样品的Nd、Sr同位素组成,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512967—0.512744,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr=0.70349—0.70450。它们在地质剖面上呈现规律性变化,可能与其地幔源区同位素组成的层状分带有关。鲁西地幔源区具有较鲁东更加亏损的组份。两地地幔源区在演化中都曾发生过地幔交代(或富集)作用,根据玄武岩Nd同位素模式年龄估计地幔交代作用发生的时间为0.45Ga。     

海南岛中北部三叠纪花岗岩源区的锶、钕同位素制约及其意义

海南岛中北部三叠纪花岗岩的锶、钕同位素初始比值分别为I(Sr)0. 7080 ~0. 71505、εNd(t) -10 ~-5,表明这些花岗岩属壳源型,其源岩主要为海南岛结晶基底中元古界抱板群,但受到了幔源岩浆的混染。这些花岗岩所表现出来的基本一致的锶、钕同位素特征,表明测区具有统一的前寒武纪基底。     

Determination of Sm‐Nd Isotopic Compositions in Fifteen Geological Materials Using Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS and Application to Monazite Geochronology of Metasedimentary Rock in the North China Craton

In this study, we report both ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd values in twelve minerals (apatite, titanite, monazite and eudialyte) based on analyses over 4 years using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The positive correlation between the measured β_Sm and β_Nd (r² = 0.9981) over this time in our laboratory demonstrates the excellent long‐term stability of the method. Compared with the normal method, Sm and Nd signal intensities were improved by a factor of 2.9 with the use of X skimmer and Jet sample cones in combination with the addition of nitrogen at 3–6 ml min^?1 to the central gas flow. The enhancement of signal intensity benefits the accurate in situ determination of the Sm‐Nd isotopes of samples poor in these elements. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values were also determined in two manganese nodules and GSMC Co‐rich crust with low mass fractions of Nd (94–293 μg g^?1). Generally, most of the obtained Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions in these geological materials are consistent with published values. ‘External reproducibility’ (2s) of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd was typically better than 0.06‰ and 2.5‰, respectively, demonstrating that the Durango, Otter Lake, NW‐1 and MAD apatites, the Khan, and OLT‐1 titanites, MGMH#117531 monazite and LV01 eudialyte are promising candidate reference materials for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. The Trebilcock, Mae Klang and 44069 monazites are only suitable for in situ Nd isotopic determinations because of their heterogeneous Sm/Nd compositions. The heterogeneous Sm‐Nd composition of titanite BLR‐1 demonstrates that it is not a suitable reference material for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. Deep‐sea samples (NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 manganese nodule, GSMC Co‐rich crust) with low mass fractions of Nd also show homogenous Nd isotopic compositions. Sm‐Nd isotopic ratios of a monazite (MQG‐22) from the North China Craton were measured as a case study and gave a ¹⁴⁷Sm‐¹⁴³Nd isochron age of 1792 ± 35 Ma (MSWD = 3.2) consistent with the published metamorphic age of the host metasedimentary rocks. The results for both candidate reference materials and geological samples demonstrate that the in situ LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical protocol described is feasible and robust for research in geological evolution.     

康滇地轴冕宁杂岩的Sm-Nd同位素地质年代学初步研究

通过冕宁杂岩的稀土元素、微量元素及Sm—Nd同位素组成分析发现：杂岩核部二辉片麻岩微量元素以Th富集为特征，而典型的太古代灰色片麻岩则为Th亏损；分布于杂岩边部的英云闪长质片麻岩及花岗质片麻岩与灰色片麻岩宏观特征相似，且有Th，Nb亏损，但强不相容元素强烈富集，配分型式强烈右倾，也有别于太古代灰色片麻岩。两类岩石的Nd模式年龄均小于2000Ma，推测该杂岩的部分岩石原岩(二辉片麻岩及斜长角闪岩)形成时代可能为早元古代晚期，它们在晋宁期强烈的构造岩浆活动中发生角闪岩相变质。岩石的Nd模式年龄(2008Ma～766Ma)显示该区在元古代有较大规模的地壳增长，基底岩石的形成时代有别于扬子地台周边地区。     

从废旧钴钐磁性材料中分离钴和单一镨,钕,钐的条件研究

本文用ＣＬ－Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂作为萃取色层的固定朴要研究了经Ｄ２３５阴离子树脂交换分离钴后和稀土镨钕钐的分离，对洗脱剂，洗脱条件进行了探讨，并选择出最佳分离条件。     

Nd同位素方法应用于示踪古洋流的研究进展

大洋环流在调节全球水热分配方面起着举足轻重的作用,对全球气候变化有着重要影响。为了更好地了解未来的气候变化模式,掌握古洋流变化与气候冷暖交替耦合关系的机理成为当务之急。目前,海水Nd同位素是追踪洋流演化方式的有效指标,获得了越来越多的关注。通过从海洋环境Nd同位素的相关特性以及研究材料与方法方面来阐述Nd同位素应用于示踪古洋流研究的可行性以及最新的进展,并配合实例进行说明。     

The Nature of Oscillatory Zoning and Mechanism of Crystal Growth in a Paragenic Intergrowth of Florencite and Xenotime

Geology of Ore Deposits - REE fractionation into cerium Ceg (La–Eu) and yttrium Yg (Gd–Lu) groups, as well as Lasg (La–Pr), Smsg (Nd–Eu), Gdsg (Gd–Dy), and Ybsg (Y,...     

湘南中生代橄榄岩包体的Nd同位素组成及成因意义

湘南地区四组中生代橄榄岩包体单斜辉石（ｃｐｘ）Ｎｄ同位素分析结果表明橄榄岩包体具极为亏损的Ｎｄ同位素组成。其中前三组样品的ｔＤＭ年龄分别为２．１９,１．４４和１．８３Ｇａ,另一样品９３Ｔｉ－１８则受到后期改造且发生了ＬＲＥＥ富集作用。     

Production and Certification of the Reference Material GSB 04‐3258‐2015 as a 143Nd/144Nd Isotope Ratio Reference

A new certified reference material, labelled GSB 04‐3258‐2015, for use as a ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio reference has been prepared by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China provided the certification for this reference material. This report presents the reference ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio and supporting production and certification procedures. The reference value was determined by an interlaboratory comparison of results from eleven participating laboratories using MC‐TIMS or MC‐ICP‐MS. The calibration of mass fractionation was conducted by using the exponential law, and the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios were normalised to the ¹⁴⁶Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio value of 0.7219. Isobaric interference of ¹⁴⁴Sm on ¹⁴⁴Nd was corrected using an interference‐free ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁹Sm isotope ratio value for mass fractionation. GSB 04‐3258‐2015 shows sufficient homogeneity and stability for use as an international isotopic reference material. The certified value was calculated from the unweighted means of the results submitted by the participating laboratories. The ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio value for GSB 04‐3258‐2015 is 0.512438, with a combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 5 × 10^?6. Reference material GSB 04‐3258‐2015 is available upon request from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and may be used for accurate interlaboratory calibration of Nd isotope analysis.     

兴蒙造山带正ε(Nd,t)值花岗岩的成因和大陆地壳生长

大陆地壳的生长速率和地壳生长的位置均是地球科学中的最基本的问题。现有的许多大陆地壳生长模式认为 ,90 %的大陆地壳生长于 18亿年以前 ,显生宙以来的地壳生长不到整个地壳的 10 % ,主要位于活动大陆边缘。近年来在兴蒙造山带发现大量具有新生地壳来源性质的花岗岩产生于 50 0～ 10 0Ma ,对上述传统看法提出了挑战。现有的Nd同位素资料表明 ,兴蒙造山带的显生宙花岗岩 ,不论形成于什么时代和什么构造背景 ,也不论属于何种成因类型 ,几乎都具有正ε(Nd ,t)值和年轻的Nd模式年龄tDM 。从西往东 ,随着时代逐渐变新ε(Nd ,t)值有逐渐降低的趋势。花岗岩的tDM同由蛇绿岩和岛弧杂岩记录的古亚洲洋扩张的时间基本一致。只有一些在新元古代微陆块上的花岗岩才显示负ε(Nd ,t)值和较老的tDM,反映了其源岩包括前寒武纪地壳同地幔来源物质的不同程度混合。兴蒙造山带的花岗岩具有地幔来源的ε(Nd ,t)值 ,说明这些花岗岩中有一部分 (例如加里东期和海西早期 )可能同板块俯冲作用有关 ,花岗岩的来源是被交代的地幔楔。而大面积的晚古生代—中生代花岗岩则可能是由 80 0～6 0 0Ma前俯冲的洋壳形成的新生大陆地壳在拉伸体制下部分熔融而成。如果情况是这样 ,显生宙就曾发生过大规模的地壳生长。板内岩浆活动 ,特别是     

大别造山带变质岩和花岗岩的钕同位素组成及其地质意义

大别造山带８个变质岩和４个花岗岩样品的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ分析结果表明，大别地块不同构造单元的岩石有不同的钕同位素模式年龄。总体上，北大别地块变质岩的钕模式年龄较老；南大别超高压地块的较年轻，但变化范围大。侵人于大别地块不同构造单元的花岗岩与北大别地块变质岩有相同的Ｎｄ（１２２Ｍａ）值范围，表明它们有相似的物质来源。南大别地块是覆盖在具有古老物源的变质岩之上的一个构造岩片。     

中国东南部花岗岩类Nd—Sr同位素研究

根据本文测定的５８个数据以已发表的１２７个数据讨论了中国东南部不同时代花岗岩类的Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素特征,工通过与基底变质岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素组成的对比,研究了这些花岗岩类的物质来源与成因。仅分布于浙西南的古元古代花岗岩娄是由成分上类似干被其侵入的八都群片麻岩经部分熔融形成的。沿江绍断裂带分布的新元古代花岗岩类是由地幔来源岩浆或初生地壳形成的;浙西－皖南－赣北地区的新元古代花岗岩类可能是由中元古代地层中的低成熟度组分形成的。古生代和大部分中生代花岗岩类主要是由所在区域内出露的中元古代变质沉积岩的相当物衍生的。沿浙闽沿海地区分布的大多数晚中生代花岗岩娄含有较多的地幔组分．两种来诹岩浆混台可能是其一种重要的成岩方式。     

中国东南部花岗岩成因与地壳演化

中国东南部不同时代花岗岩类的分布十分广泛 ,各类花岗岩的出露面积达 2 0 0 0 0 0km2 以上。其中 ,前侏罗纪花岗岩大部分具有较低的ε(Nd ,t)、较高的Ni(87Sr) /Ni(86Sr)和较古老的Nd模式年龄 ,相似于周围的前寒武纪基底变质岩。因此 ,它们的主体属壳源型 ,其成因可能主要同华夏地块与扬子地块之间的多次碰撞拼贴有关 ,由当时被加厚的地壳在降压条件下部分熔融形成。燕山期花岗岩在中国东南部分布最广。其中 ,呈东西向展布的燕山早期花岗岩 (南岭花岗岩 )被认为是与印支运动有联系的后造山花岗岩组合 ,多数具壳源型特征。而主要分布于东南沿海的燕山晚期花岗岩则不同 ,它们具有较高的ε(Nd ,t)、较低的Ni(87Sr) /Ni(86Sr)和相对年轻的Nd模式年龄 ,反映其源区中含有较多的地幔组分。它们的形成可能同太平洋板块俯冲、玄武岩浆底侵以及由此引起的地壳深熔和壳幔混合有关。根据花岗岩的Nd模式年龄以及地壳岩石中继承锆石U Pb年龄 ,认为中国东南部地壳具幕式生长特征 ,古—中元古代为主要的生长期。     

Fractionation of REE in the xenotime and florencite paragenetic association from Au-REE mineral occurrences of the Nether-Polar Urals

A detailed survey of REE distribution in the xenotime and florencite paragenetic association from quartz veins of Au-REE mineral occurrences of the Nether-Polar Urals revealed maximum contents of Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Y. Four of these elements form their own minerals: florencite-(Ce), -(Nd), and -(Sm) and xenotime-(Y) containing up to 25% Gd₂O₃. The compositions of the minerals are isomorphous mixtures of two different groups: Yb_pg (Y, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Nd, and As) and Gd_pg (Gd, Tb, Dy, Eu, and Sm) in xenotime and La_pg (La, Ce, Pr, Eu, and As) and Sm_pg (Nd, Sm, Gd, Sr, Ca, and S) in florencite. Both minerals display strong heterogeneities in the distribution of isomorphous components and two types of zoning, oscillatory and trend. The crystal cores are enriched in HREE. Variations in the composition of isomorphous mixtures are accompanied by a change in the dominant crystal forms of florencite. Redeposited varieties are distinguished by homogeneous composition, the absence of impurities, and weak correlations between elements. The REE fractionation is interpreted in terms of quantum mechanics.     

Facies effects on the behaviour of Nd and Sr isotope systems in turbidite mudrocks during diagenesis

A detailed Sm/Nd, epsilon Nd and Rb/Sr profile through a 30-cm thick section of Silurian (Llandovery) interbedded turbiditic and hemipelagic mudrocks from the central Wales Basin shows well-marked chemical and isotopic trends. The variations reflect an interplay of depositional mode and diagenetic fractionation. Sm and Nd values are substantially higher and Sm/Nd ratios tend to be lower in the organic-rich hemipelagite layers due to diagenetic concentration in the hemipelagites. There is a corresponding depletion in the turbidite mudstones. Epsilon Nd values range from −0·8 to −7·1 and this is attributed to diagenetic modification of Sm/Nd ratios causing scatter in back-calculated epsilon values. Rubidium–strontium ratios in this succession fall within a narrow range, due to homogenization during diagenesis. By contrast, data from a hemipelagite-dominated (condensed) succession near the northern margin of the Welsh Basin show a lower range of epsilon Nd values and a higher scatter of Rb/Sr values, consistent with less fluid throughput during burial compaction and hence less diagenetic redistribution in these rocks. These patterns demonstrate the sensitivity of mudrock trace element and isotope compositions to both small-scale sedimentary structure and large-scale basin architecture.     

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。     

三峡地区寒武纪-三叠纪古海水Sm/Nd变化特征:来自牙形石的证据

牙形石作为划分地层的标准化石, 具有确切的地层层位和较高的REE含量, 并不容易受成岩作用的影响, 因此作为研究古海水演化的指示剂引起人们的广泛关注.利用同位素稀释法对扬子克拉通三峡地区寒武纪—三叠纪海相碳酸盐岩中代表古海水化学组成牙形石的Sm/Nd比值进行测定, Sm/Nd比值在0.108-0.348之间, 有较大的变化范围.建立Sm/Nd比值随时间的演化曲线, 并结合已有沉积地层学和沉积地球化学的成果进行研究, 结果表明, 古海水Sm/Nd比值变化与海平面升降、古陆块的隆起有明显对应关系, 同时, 区域性构造运动, 如海底地壳拉张产生的幔源组分和地幔柱活动也会影响古海水的Sm/Nd比值.因此, 古海水的Sm/Nd比值对海平面的升降、古大陆的风化作用和区域构造事件有指示意义.