老旧防空洞探测方法与分析

老旧防空洞是一种隐埋于地下几米到几十米的人防设施,一般的仪器无法从地表对其准确定位。本文利用地球物理勘探微重力测量和瞬变电磁测量两种方法,分别对已知参数防空洞进行探测,通过和已知防空洞的参数进行对比,总结出了微重力探测老旧防空洞的有效方法。     

基于时空立方体的人群异常行为检测与定位

针对视频监控系统中人群异常行为检测准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于时空立方体的人群异常行为检测与定位方法。首先利用光流法计算等间距采样的特征点光流场,然后根据光流场计算特征点的运动速度、方向和方向熵3个特征量,并分别将其统计直方图投影到对应的三维立体空间中,构建描述人群行为的时空立方体特征。同时,将图像分成多个子区域,并计算各子区域的时空立方体特征;设计基于最近邻分类和支持向量机的级联分类器,完成人群异常行为的检测与定位。结果表明,该方法比现有方法能更准确地检测视频中的异常人群。     

Application of an Inexact-Newton Method Within the Second-Order Born Approximation to Buried Objects

The imaging of buried objects is a challenging topic in electromagnetic research. In this letter, a method previously proposed for imaging of scatterers in free-space is extended to the case of objects buried in a lossy half-space. The proposed approach is based on the solution of the underlying inverse-scattering problem within the second-order Born approximation by means of a two-step inexact-Newton algorithm. The capabilities and limitations of the method are evaluated by means of some numerical simulations. Furthermore, comparisons with the free-space approach are also reported     

基于向量场模型的多光谱遥感图像多尺度边缘检测

提出一种基于向量场模型的多光谱图像多尺度边缘检测算法,并在算法中引入两种梯度方向量化邻域模型。首先,对多光谱图像进行二进小波变换,得到每个波段图像在不同尺度上的细节系数,然后根据向量场模型计算多光谱图像的梯度幅值和梯度方向,选择适宜的邻域模型对梯度方向进行量化,最后沿量化后的方向获取由细到粗的多层次边缘信息。对QuickBird多光谱图像上农田、厂房等地物进行多尺度边缘提取,定性分析了图像分辨率大小与地物尺寸关系在不同尺度边缘信息的表征;利用F测度,定量评价了检测结果的边缘准确度。与传统算子检测结果对比表明,利用向量场模型综合了所有波段的边缘信息,减少了多波段图像边缘信息的不一致性,引入的量化邻域模型能够有效地获取完整的多尺度边缘点。     

利用天文观测图像对空间碎片目标进行自动识别与追踪

提出了一种利用天文观测手段获取的CCD图像序列对空间碎片进行自动识别和追踪的方法。该方法采用计算机图像处理、图像识别与分析和计算机视觉等相关技术,自动识别出每幅CCD图像中的空间碎片以及背景恒星等空间目标,并定量计算其有关特征;然后根据空间碎片移动较快的特点,在CCD图像序列中结合基于Snake模型的主动轮廓追踪和特征相似性比较两种方法,对其中出现的空间碎片目标进行自动识别和追踪。实验结果显示,该方法能准确地对空间碎片目标进行自动识别和追踪。     

Synergistic Application of Optical and Radar Data for Archaeological Exploration in the Talakadu Region,Karnataka

Talakadu is a well known historic place situated on bank of the river Cauvery in Mysore district of Karnataka. The place is close to concave side of a prominent meander where large amount of sand has accumulated. It is believed that after construction of a reservoir upstream, sand was exposed to wind action burying the structures of Ganga dynasty and other later kingdoms. A number of buried sites have been identified by archaeological excavations conducted so far. Presently the area forms sand dunes with thick plantation cover. Analysis of RADAR data (fine beam RADARSAT and ENVISAT ASAR) led to identifying a hitherto unknown buried channel through the Old Talakadu town adjoining the excavated archaeological sites. The study suggests that RADAR penetration through the plantation canopy seems to have occurred as observed by comparing with corresponding optical data of LISS-IV. Below the canopy, sand and shrubs on top of the channel (topographically low area) are acting as smooth surface providing dark tone on radar imagery. During field validation GPS was extensively used to navigate through the forest canopy and locate the buried channel, excavated archaeological sites as well as other anomalous patterns. Synergistic application of optical (RESOURCESAT-1 LISS-IV and CARTOSAT-1 & 2) and radar (fine beam RADARSAT and ENVISAT ASAR) data led to identifying remote sensing based guides for archaeological exploration. Integration of known archaeological sites with the identified anomalous patterns was done in GIS environment. This study adds on to the knowledge base of the site and compliments already known information and suggested new areas for further archaeological exploration.     

重力场Tilt-Depth方法及其高阶推广

Tilt-Depth以及其相关改进方法最初是基于磁异常基本公式推导,一直应用于磁法勘探领域。自2012年以来,不断有学者探讨重力场Tilt-Depth方法,但对重力场与磁场Tilt-Depth方法之间的关系研究较少,存在一些不同认识。梳理了重磁场之间Tilt-Depth方法的联系与区别,得出了Tilt-Depth方法在重力场中相比磁场高一阶导数的结论。验证了方法的有效性,通过对海南石碌矿区重力异常处理,提取了矿体的边界信息,突出了深部隐伏矿体产生的弱异常的边界范围,获取了矿体的位置及埋深参数,通过与已知地质剖面、反演剖面的对比,证实了重力场Tilt-Depth结论的正确性与有效性。     

Application of the Spatial–Spectral CG-FFT Method for the Solution of Electromagnetic Scattering by Buried Flat Metallic Objects

The conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method to analyze electromagnetic scattering by buried flat metallic objects of arbitrary shape and large size is presented. Due to the use of FFT in the spatial domain and spectral domain to handle a spatial-domain convolution, the electric field integral equation and scattered fields can be rapidly solved without evaluations of Sommerfeld integrals. The accuracy of this algorithm is better than that of the conventional CG-FFT method, and the CPU time required for this algorithm is reduced to a minimum, while memory cost is order of N (the total cell number) and computational complexity is of order N log N in each iteration     

车载探地雷达地下目标实时探测法

中国的城镇化加快了地下空间大规模开发与利用的进程。摸清地下空间目标的分布状况,保障城市可持续发展和地下空间资源的永久利用,是维护未来城市安全中的重要任务。探地雷达(GPR)凭借其数据采集速度快、成像分辨率高、无损检测等优点在地下空间资源调查中得以广泛应用。但仍存在GPR数据地下目标识别不准确、自动化程度低等缺陷,自动检测GPR数据中的地下目标或目标缺陷仍然是一个亟待解决的难题。为此,本文分析并确定了GPR影像中可进行识别的城市道路地下空间的7类典型目标(如雨水井、电缆等)。并根据其反射信号特征,标记了GSSI SIR30设备以400 MHz波段采集的GPR数据中的典型地下目标,构建了GPR地下目标样本库,共包含7类总数为3033个。通过迁移学习的方法,精调预训练后的Darknet53网络参数,通过端到端的YOLOV3检测方法完成地下目标的自动识别与定位。最后,利用深圳福田区彩田路GSSI SIR30装备以400 MHz波段采集的GPR数据进行试验验证。试验结果表明,本文提出的基于深度学习的地下目标探测方法对城市典型地下目标的检测精度和召回率达到85%以上,检测速度达到了16帧/s,能够有效探测GPR数据中的城市地下目标。     

Electromagnetic Scattering by Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Impedance Cylinder of Arbitrary Shape Using Physical Optics

In this letter, electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous anisotropic impedance cylinder of arbitrary shape is investigated by physical optics (PO) method. After the expressions of induced electric and magnetic currents on the illuminated region of surface are expressed by using PO approximation, scattered field is calculated using Huygens-type Green's formula. Obtained scattering width results are compared with those obtained by numerical methods such as NystrÖm and Method of Moments (MoM), and good agreements are observed particularly in monostatic case. Due to the fact that PO method does not need matrix inversion which requires high CPU time, it also significantly reduces computer calculation time in comparison to NystrÖm and MoM.      

弱信号金属管线定位方法的研究与应用

通过对弱信号金属地下管线探测方法与原理的研究,根据单管磁场水平分量与垂向梯度横剖面曲线分布的原理和被测金属管线中产生磁场的Hx与ΔHx的分布对称性的原理,并且通过实际的工程应用,验证了弱信号金属管线的平面定位方法,可以有效地探测弱信号金属地下管线的平面位置。     

SAR与光学影像融合在宁陕地区明长城探测中的应用研究

宁夏和陕西地区的明长城在遭到自然与人为双重破坏后日渐退化,有的区段已消失于地表。本文采用了SAR与光学影像像素 级融合方法——HIS变换融合和PC主成份变换融合,通过比较2种方法的融合效果,最终选定PC主分量变换融合的结果作为自动提取 该区明长城信息的基础。通过“骨架”算法实现了对该区明长城空间位置的自动提取,最终获得了较为清晰的明长城信息。该区明 长城准确而完整的空间位置,可为进一步研究该区明长城沿线环境变化及古环境演变提供精准的研究范围和研究基础。     

Time-dependent surface impedance from sferics

Attempts to use discrete sferics for low-frequency impedance mapping have relied on Fourier analysis to derive time-independent frequency profiles of the earth. A one-dimensional transmission line model of the earth above a perfectly conducting layer is used to demonstrate that the impedance is time dependent. Assuming a sferic-type transient for the applied magnetic field, the electric field is changed significantly corresponding to the time of flight of the radiation in the lossy earth. In an attempt to maintain this timing information and its link with the frequency components, the wavelet transform was implemented to analyze the data. The associated surface impedance may be approximated as the input impedance of the earth during excitation but reverts to the impedance of free space once the source field returns to zero.     

Line segment confidence region-based string matching method for map conflation

In this paper, a method to detect corresponding point pairs between polygon object pairs with a string matching method based on a confidence region model of a line segment is proposed. The optimal point edit sequence to convert the contour of a target object into that of a reference object was found by the string matching method which minimizes its total error cost, and the corresponding point pairs were derived from the edit sequence. Because a significant amount of apparent positional discrepancies between corresponding objects are caused by spatial uncertainty and their confidence region models of line segments are therefore used in the above matching process, the proposed method obtained a high F-measure for finding matching pairs. We applied this method for built-up area polygon objects in a cadastral map and a topographical map. Regardless of their different mapping and representation rules and spatial uncertainties, the proposed method with a confidence level at 0.95 showed a matching result with an F-measure of 0.894.     

利用目标区域拓扑关系图提取建筑物点云

建筑物提取一直是机载激光点云数据处理研究的热点,其中建筑物和其他地物之间的区分是研究的核心和难点。为提高建筑物与其他地物在机载激光点云中的区分能力,提出了一种建筑物点云层次提取方法。首先,在点云滤波后,从非地面点云中提取建筑物候选区域;然后,通过形态学重建和点云平面分割方法对建筑物候选区域构建多尺度空间,并建立目标区域的拓扑关系图;最后,在拓扑关系图基础上,利用5种特征量对目标区域分类,并精确提取建筑物点云。为了测试算法的有效性和可靠性,利用国际摄影测量与遥感学会（International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,ISPRS）提供的Vaihingen和Toronto两组测试数据集进行实验,并由ISPRS对结果进行评估,其中基于面积和目标的完整度、正确率和提取质量分别都大于87.8%、94.7%、87.3%。与其他建筑物提取方法相比,该方法在基于面积和目标的质量指标方面最为稳定。实验结果表明,在不同的城市场景下,该算法能够稳健地提取建筑物,并保持很高的正确率。     

Detection,segmentation and classification of 3D urban objects using mathematical morphology and supervised learning

We propose an automatic and robust approach to detect, segment and classify urban objects from 3D point clouds. Processing is carried out using elevation images and the result is reprojected onto the 3D point cloud. First, the ground is segmented and objects are detected as discontinuities on the ground. Then, connected objects are segmented using a watershed approach. Finally, objects are classified using SVM with geometrical and contextual features. Our methodology is evaluated on databases from Ohio (USA) and Paris (France). In the former, our method detects 98% of the objects, 78% of them are correctly segmented and 82% of the well-segmented objects are correctly classified. In the latter, our method leads to an improvement of about 15% on the classification step with respect to previous works. Quantitative results prove that our method not only provides a good performance but is also faster than other works reported in the literature.     

基于AgisoftPhotoscan的图像三维重建及精度研究

通过普通相机获取图像信息,计算三维空间物体的几何信息,重建和分析物体的基本原理;了解图像处理软件Agisoft Photoscan的工作流程,并设计实验;通过未检校的普通数码相机对某雕塑头像和亭子进行拍摄,使用Agisoft Photoscan软件对图像进行处理,得到三维点云数据,进行物体三维重建,验证三维重建的有效性;通过提取和实测预设对比点的三维坐标值,求取误差,验证在百幅以内的图像建模误差在1cm以内。此方法可应用到表面复杂的异形物体建模中。     

天宫一号高光谱数据的船只检测实验

针对检测目标进行基于引力场的船只目标增强,计算船只目标的纹理、光谱等指标,基于支持向量机(SVM)方法,利用天宫一号高光谱数据,得到空间探测信息与地面实际目标之间存在精确的相互关系,进行船只检测实验研究.结果表明:天宫一号高光谱数据能够有效的从海水背景中提取船只信息,但船只类型仍难以有效识别.图像的自动分割对于船只的检测非常重要.传感器的多光谱与高分辨率相结合是今后研制的一个主要方向.     

利用遥感技术监测船舶航速的方法研究

主要讨论了两种利用遥感技术提取水面运动船舶的航速方法：利用波高谱信息提取航速和利用船尾迹中的横波信息提取航速。作者介绍了这两种方法的原理，描述了利用遥感技术提取船舶航速的工作流程，并利用模拟和实测的船尾迹波高数据对这两种方法进行了验证。从计算结果看，两种方法精度都能满足仅要求航速量级的需求者，利用波高谱信息的方法误差（10％左右）小于利用横波信息的方法误差（20％左右）。该项研究为实时或近实时探测运动船舶航速提供了新的方法。