南天山北部巴音布鲁克早古生代火成岩的地球化学特征与岩石成因

南天山北部上志留统巴音布鲁克组火山岩系以中基性喷出岩为主,并有辉长岩侵入,其矿物组合中都含有角闪石,岩层中爆发相火山碎屑岩极为发育。各种火山-侵入岩的LREE和LILE强烈富集、HFSE相对亏损,出现明显的Ta、Nb负异常,（La／Yb）N：2．92～5．21,Nh／La=0．22—0．33,具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征。zr／Nb=26～47、Hf／Ta=11．9—19．9,暗示其源区为类似于N—MORB的亏损地幔;高的Th、LREE含量和高于正常弧火山岩、低于洋岛玄武岩（OIB）的HFSE绝对丰度,较小的εNd（t）值（＋3．23～＋6．15）、较大的（^87Sr/^86Sr）。值（0．7044—0．7063）,εNd（t）与（^87Sr／^86Sr）。间呈明显的线性负相关关系,并且分别与LILE／HFSE之间呈负相关和正相关关系。上述特征反映出巴音布鲁克火成岩的岩石成因中既有俯冲洋壳板片流体-沉积物的加入,也有板片熔体组分的贡献,在地球化学上具有正常岛孤玄武岩（IAB）与富铌岛弧玄武岩（NEAB）之间过渡系列的特征。该套火成岩与中天山南缘蛇绿混杂岩带紧邻,地层时代也与南天山洋俯冲-消减时代相当,它应当是南天山洋盆于晚志留世时发生的俯冲-消减所引发的岛弧火山-岩浆作用的地质记录。     

新疆北准噶尔泥盆纪洋内弧及博宁岩

博宁岩(Boninite),以其低钛、低MREE、富镁区别于岛弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱系列玄武岩,为洋内弧特征产物。新疆北准噶尔中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩基本为博宁岩,系拉张阶段深海喷发物。汇聚型过渡壳阶段生成的辉长岩-钠质花岗岩建造也反映其洋内弧环境。     

西藏隆巴俄桑地区玄武岩与安山玢岩的地球化学:对班公湖-怒江洋构造演化的启示

狮泉河-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带的构造属性及其与班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的关系,是了解班公湖-怒江洋中生代构造演化的关键.对隆巴俄桑地区的玄武岩和安山玢岩脉开展了岩石地球化学研究.结果表明,玄武岩属拉斑玄武岩系列,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,与岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征一致.安山玢岩脉属拉斑玄武岩系列,有向钙碱系列演化的趋势,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb、U等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,显示岛弧成因岩浆岩地球化学特征,低ΣREE（11.8×10-6~13.8×10-6）,（La/Yb）_N=0.37~0.43,亏损LREE,与N-MORB相似,具有岛弧岩浆岩（IAB）和正常洋中脊玄武岩（N-MORB）双重特征,与不成熟的弧后盆地玄武岩（BABB）特征一致.综合区域地质资料认为,隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩形成的构造环境均与俯冲相关,可能分别形成于班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减相关的洋内或者活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境和不成熟的弧后盆地环境,是中侏罗至早白垩世期间班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减的再循环的产物.      

富铌玄武岩：板片熔体交代的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融产物

富铌玄武岩是一类具有特殊地球化学特征的岛弧玄武岩。与正常岛弧玄武岩相比，它具有硅饱和并富钠的特征；同时具有相对高的Nb（一般>7×10-6）、TiO2（1%～2%）和P含量，以及低的LILE/HFSE和HREE/HFSE比值，并富集高场强元素；它的原始地幔标准化微量元素图显示了弱的Nb、Ta负异常（有时出现弱的正异常），原始地幔标准化La/Nb比值小于2（但很少小于0.7），它是由受埃达克质熔体交代过的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融形成的。由于富铌玄武岩与埃达克岩是大洋板片俯冲作用的直接产物，因此，通过对该岩石组合及与俯冲作用有关的流体和熔体的研究，不仅可以查明洋壳俯冲作用过程中的岩浆活动特征，还可以阐明洋壳俯冲及壳幔相互作用，具十分重要的地质意义。     

新疆北部阿尔泰地区库尔提蛇绿岩：古弧后盆地系统的产物

位于新疆北部富蕴县库尔提一带的晚古生代变质玄武岩和辉长岩系含有似岛弧火山岩（arc-like)和似洋中脊玄武岩（MORB－like)成分的两种组分，岩石以出现不同程度的LREE亏损和Nb、Ta等元素的负异常为特征，在成分上非常相似于现代弧后盆地（Mariana和Okinawa弧后盆地）的玄武岩。我们厘定这套变质的镁铁质火成岩为弧后盆地蛇绿岩，它们很可能代表了晚古生代古亚洲洋北侧的一个洋内岛弧的弧后盆地系统，表明晚古生代早期新疆北部地区处于与古亚洲洋俯冲有关的岛弧环境，该古洋在晚石炭世－二叠纪消减消失后，两侧西伯利亚和哈萨克－准噶尔板块才开始碰撞和造山。     

南秦岭勉县─略阳结合带蛇绿岩与岛弧火山岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

南秦岭勉县-略阳结合带中超基性岩类主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,铕富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为两种组合：一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,其Ti／V．Th／Ta、Th／Yb、Ta／Yb表明其为MORB型玄武岩,代表本区消失了的洋壳岩石,指示本区晚古生代一早中生代期间的一个古洋盆。另一类为岛弧火山岩组合,除岛弧拉斑玄武岩外,甚至还有大量中、酸性岛弧火山岩,它们并非洋壳的物质组成,而是大陆弧岩浆活动的产物。这表明勉略洋盆在晚古生代-早中生代期间曾经经历过一个较完整的有限洋盆的发生、发展与消亡过程,这期间秦岭已成为一独立的岩石圈微板块,其南缘具有活动大陆边缘的构造属性,秦岭并非华北与扬子陆块之间的简单碰撞产物。     

东准噶尔石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其构造意义

东准噶尔地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩分布广泛,规模巨大,目前对其形成时代及构造背景的认识还存在着较大的争议。以火山岩中的玄武岩、玄武安山岩为研究对象,进行了岩石学、岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素地球化学方面的研究。结果表明,该套火山岩属高钾钙碱性火山岩系,微量元素和稀土元素特征相似,(143Nd/144Nd)i变化幅度小,εNd(t)和T2DM近乎相同,具同源岩浆演化特征和良好的封闭条件。利用Sm-Nd等时线定年方法获得的玄武岩全岩等时线年龄为(319.7±5.9)Ma,(143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512414±0.000006,MSWD=0.34,与区域地质构造背景和已有化石证据基本吻合,代表了火山岩的形成时代。准噶尔地区晚古生代区域构造背景复杂。位于西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块之间的古亚洲洋存在双向俯冲消减过程。南向俯冲带位于扎河坝-克拉玛依一线,俯冲作用至少延续至(319.7±5.9)Ma。持续的南向俯冲造就了东准噶尔地区扎河坝下泥盆统托让格库都克组火山岩代表的岛弧和卡拉麦里蛇绿岩代表的卡拉麦里不成熟弧后盆地的形成。东准噶尔地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩就是该过程中不成熟弧后盆地的产物,成岩过程可能是:古亚洲洋持续南向俯冲,导致卡拉麦里地区幔源物质大量上隆并引起弧后扩张,并在消减沉积物和(或)俯冲洋壳脱水产生的流体作用下发生部分熔融,形成的玄武质岩浆不断底侵至壳幔边界,引起少量主体由古生代残余洋壳和岛弧体系组成的年轻下地壳物质部分熔融生成岩浆,并发生相互较完全的混合,而后随着混合岩浆的不断聚集和构造伸展作用的进一步持续,岩浆沿构造薄弱带快速上升至地表,喷发成岩。319.7~311 Ma左右的中亚造山带持续南向增生导致了卡拉麦里弧盆北侧古亚洲洋的消亡,并最终迫使卡拉麦里弧盆北向俯冲消减而闭合。     

闽东南晚中生代壳幔作用地球化学

对闽东南永泰和永定火山－沉积盆地中的中生代拉斑玄武岩和流纹岩以及泉州和同安晚中生代复合的角闪辉长岩、花岗岩选择地进行了单矿物^40Ar-^39Ar年龄及全岩－单矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄测定，并对这些得合的基性－酸性火成岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学研究。研究表明，闽东南晚中生代拉斑玄武岩具有“大陆弧”玄武岩的性质，微量元素的协变图解证实了复合基性－酸性岩浆之间存在的混合关系，解释了东南沿海晚中生代流纹岩及花岗岩普遍兼有I型和S型花岗岩的某些特征的原因。LILE／LILE、LILE／HFSE、LILE／REE以及HFSE／HFSE等微量元素比以及它们与Sr、Nd和Pb同位素的相关关系证实，两个盆地中的拉斑玄武岩浆分别来自岩石圈和流圈地幔。幔源基性岩浆在上升过程中受到地壳物质的混染，这是活动大陆边缘“壳幔作用”过程的一个重要方面。通过（Ba/La)N-(La/Sm)N）图解，把“源区富集”与“地壳组分混染”两者各自的贡献区分开来。通过永和永定两个盆地火山岩的对比，阐明了壳幔作用随地质时代发生的变化。     

南秦岭勉县—略阳结合带晕绿岩与岛弧火山岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

南秦岭勉县－略阳结合带中超基性岩为主要为方辉橄榄岩石纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,有富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为两种组合：一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,其Ｔｉ／Ｖ、Ｔｈ／Ｔａ、Ｔｈ／Ｙｂ、Ｔａ／Ｙｂ表明其为ＭＯＲＢ型玄武岩,代表本区消失了洋壳岩石,指示本区晚古生长－早中生代期间的一个古洋盆。另一类为岛弧火山岩组合,除岛弧拉斑玄武岩外,甚至还有大量中,酸性岛弧火山岩。它们并     

新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里蛇绿岩地球化学：洋脊俯冲的产物

新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里蛇绿岩中的镁铁质岩兼具有洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAB)的特征,岩石地球化学特征表现为轻稀土(LREE)亏损、平坦或略微富集,不同程度地亏损高场强元素(HFSE)而富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),成分上非常相似于受洋脊俯冲影响的 Chile Ridge 和 Cocos Ridge 玄武岩。可以认为其可能形成于受洋脊俯冲影响的岛弧或弧前扩张环境。相对较高的ε_(Nd)(t)(7.2～9.8)、低 Nb/Zr、Ta/Yb 比值,说明在洋脊俯冲的影响下,其源区可能存在有至少三种组分:弧下地幔、来自消减板片流体和俯冲沉积物、MORB 地幔。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861