电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定地质样品中次量钨锡钼

研究了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定地质样品中次量钨、锡、钼的方法。为了避免基体干扰,采用氢氟酸低温分解试样,蒸干除硅,硅以四氟化硅的形式挥发除去。为了减小盐分,用少量过氧化钠熔融未被分解完全的试样残渣,热水提取,盐酸酸化,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定钨、锡、钼。方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为钨10.80%,锡6.67%,钼8.33%。标准曲线线性浓度上限为:三氧化钨30.0 mg/L,锡40.0 mg/L,钼40.0 mg/L。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,分析结果与标准值相符。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定生物样品中的硒

用硝酸-高氯酸分解生物样品,在4 mol/L盐酸介质中,加入一定浓度的三价铁盐作为掩蔽剂抑制干扰元素,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定生物样品中微量硒的含量。方法检出限为0.02μg/L,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.51%。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定结果准确可靠。方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、线性范围宽等优点,所用试剂毒性小,实用性强,适合广泛使用。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定多金属矿石中的钼

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸(五酸)加热分解完全,利用浓硫酸的氧化性,可将钼转化为钼酸盐进入溶液中,盐酸溶解盐类至溶液清亮,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法在波长202.0 nm处测定多金属矿石中的钼,克服了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(四酸)分解样品测定结果偏低的问题,同时解决了国标方法分析流程长、成本高、使用试剂较多且不易操作的难题。方法检出限为2.8μg/g,经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值相符。对自制监控样品测定6次,方法精密度(RSD)为2.16%。通过不同溶矿方法、不同检测方法及不同实验室进行验证,证明该方法线性范围宽(0～50 mg/mL),操作简单,适用于批量多金属矿石样品中0.001%～2.00%钼的测定。     

焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中的硒

样品经艾斯卡试剂(碳酸钠和氧化锌)半熔法分解,沸水提取,使硒与主量金属元素铜、铅、锌及其他过渡金属和贵金属元素得到分离;滞留在溶液中的干扰元素,通过在酸性介质中加铁盐来掩蔽。采用焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中的硒,干扰少、灵敏度高。确定了最佳条件为盐酸浓度30%,硼氢化钾浓度20 g/L,铁盐浓度1 mg/mL;干扰元素的允许量铜为40 mg/L,铅为8 mg/L,锌为400 mg/L。同时对铜、铅、锌主量金属元素进行分离效率试验,效果好。方法检出限为0.0203μg/g,测定范围为0.15～100μg/g。经全国不同地区7家实验室采用铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石国家标准物质验证,精密度的重复性限和再现性良好,准确度高。建立的方法也适合于土壤及多金属矿物中硒的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定锡矿石中锡钨钼铜铅锌

锡矿石是难分解的矿物,共生与伴生元素多,其中的锡钨钼在单一盐酸溶液中易沉淀,准确测定锡矿石中的主次量元素一直是分析技术难点。本文以过氧化钠为熔剂,高温熔融样品,在酒石酸-盐酸-双氧水体系中进行酸化,选用该矿种中仅含有少量的钴作为内标,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定锡矿石中锡钨钼铜铅锌的分析方法。方法线性范围为0.00~40.0 mg/L;方法检出限为锡10 mg/kg,钨30 mg/kg,钼3.3 mg/kg,铜12 mg/kg,铅15 mg/kg,锌40 mg/kg;方法精密度(n = 9)小于5.0%,实际样品的测定值与传统化学方法及国家标准方法的测定值吻合较好。本方法采用过氧化钠碱熔锡矿石,溶样彻底,并省去了氢氟酸挥发硅的蒸酸过程,节约了样品处理时间;采用酒石酸-双氧水-盐酸体系溶解熔融物,有利于溶液中的锡钨钼形成稳定的络合物,避免了单纯盐酸体系下产生钨酸、钼酸和锡酸沉淀导致测定结果偏低的问题。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟尘中铟的含量

将样品经550~600℃灼烧后,以过氧化钠熔融,用(5+95)三乙醇胺溶液提取熔融物,过滤后用6mol/L盐酸溶解沉淀物,滤液中加入氢溴酸除去部分杂质,在(5+95)硝酸介质中,通过火焰原子吸收光谱仪于303.9nm处,以空气-乙炔火焰可精确测定烟尘中的铟含量。     

钨、钼的酸溶法—ICP全谱直读法测定

样品经酸溶、定容后,在盐酸介质中用ICP全谱直读仪测定溶液中的钨和钼。测定下限钨为1.0μg/g,钼为0.5μg/g。测定结果的精密度和准确度均达到国家标准要求。     

过硫酸钠氧化-流动注射化学发光法在地下水腐植酸含量测定中的应用

在碱性条件下过硫酸钠能氧化腐植酸发生化学发光反应。本研究以过硫酸钠-腐植酸化学发光体系为基础,建立了腐植酸的过硫酸钠氧化-流动注射化学发光测定方法,同时对测定方法的负高压及增益、泵速、过硫酸钠浓度、氢氧化钠浓度等影响因素进行了优化实验。方法的线性范围为0.1～500 mg/L(相关系数为0.9985),检出限为0.076 mg/L,对浓度为0.5 mg/L的腐植酸进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.47%。利用该方法对5种不同地区地下水中的腐植酸进行测定,样品的加标回收率在98.33%～107.50%之间。该方法无需分离,简单易行,对实际样品测定结果满意。     

泡塑吸附分离萃取光度法测定粉煤灰中的镓

试验了在盐酸介质中聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附分离镓的性能,将该性能用于粉煤灰分离镓的预处理过程,罗丹明B萃取光度法定量测定镓含量。结果表明,室温条件下,在6 mol/L盐酸溶液中,聚氨酯泡沫塑料对镓有良好的吸附性能,90 m in可达吸附平衡,饱和吸附量为每克泡塑可吸附42 mg镓;被吸附的镓可用0.5 mol/L氯化铵溶液定量洗脱;用罗丹明B萃取光度法测定镓含量时,镓浓度在0~1.0μg/mL服从比尔定律,检出限为0.008 mg/L。测定粉煤灰样品中镓的含量,加标回收率在103%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=20)为1.5%,富集分离效果明显,选择性高。     

2-（2-喹啉偶氮）-1，3-二羟基苯固相萃取光度法测定水中铀

研究了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二羟基苯(QADHB)与铀的显色反应,在TritonX-100和F-存在下,pH7.8的三乙醇胺-HCl缓冲介质中,QADHB与U(Ⅵ)、F-反应生成1∶1∶1紫色三元稳定配合物,配合物的λmax=560nm,ε=7.41×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铀含量在0～2000μg/L内符合比尔定律。环境水样中的铀经磷酸三丁脂萃淋树脂固相萃取柱分离和富集后测定。方法已用于实际样品的测定,分析结果与国标(5-Br-PADAP)法一致,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%～4.7%,回收率为96%～105%。     

钼同位素的MC-ICP-MS测定方法研究

本文报道了运用多接收器等离子体质谱进行Mo同位素组成测定的方法, 测定过程中的仪器质量歧视校正采用样品－标样交叉法。实验对Mo同位素测定过程中的谱峰干扰、基体效应、浓度效应、酸度效应和重现性等问题进行了详细研究。结果表明Zr的存在对Mo同位素测定不会产生影响; Sr不适合作为Mo同位素测定的元素内标; 当m(Ag)/m(Mo)≤1时, Ag的存在不会对Mo同位素测定产生影响; 当样品相对于标样的Mo浓度变化不大于50%时, Mo同位素分析不受浓度影响; 以HNO3为进样介质时, HNO3的浓度(0.1 mol/L~0.2 mol/L)对Mo同位素分析没有影响。CAGS-Mo相对于Alfa-Mo的δ100/95Mo、δ98/95Mo和δ97/95Mo分别为－0.34‰±0.10‰(2sd)、－0.22‰±0.05‰(2sd)和－0.13‰±0.08‰(2sd), 在95%的置信区间内, 该方法的外部精度不大于0.06‰/amu。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定铜铅锌矿石中微量元素镓铟铊钨钼的干扰消除

对电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中镓、铟、铊、钨和钼量时,基体效应和主量元素铜、铅、锌对测量的干扰情况及可能的消除方法进行试验,结果表明,溶液中共存小于200μg/mL锌对上述微量元素的测量没有干扰;溶液中共存大于50μg/mL的铜对镓、铟、铊、钨、钼的测量有负干扰,共存大于100μg/mL铅对钨的测量有正干扰,对钼的测量有负干扰,采用钪、铼、镧混合内标或基体匹配可以消除这些干扰;溶液中共存大于20μg/mL的铅对铊的测量有正干扰,选择203Tl为测量质量数,可使耐受铅的干扰浓度提高到50μg/mL,铅对铊测量的干扰可以采用校正系数法或基体匹配进行校正或消除。     

硫氰酸钾分光光度法有效提高铀矿石中钼的测定精度

在国标GB/T 14353.9—1993基础上,以氯化亚锡为还原剂,硫氰酸钾为络合剂,用国家一级合成硅酸盐光谱分析标准物质验证,对比不同熔矿方法和不同酸性介质对钼最低检出范围的影响,优化了用硫氰酸钾比色法有效检测铀矿石中含量≥10.0μg/g钼的实验方法。数据结果稳定可靠,步骤简单,测得钼的最低检出限可降低至10.0μg/g。方法的测定值与等离子体发射光谱的分析结果相符,可满足实验室内铀矿石批量检测的要求。     

高温燃烧水解-离子色谱法测定植物样品中的氟

建立了高温燃烧水解-离子色谱测定植物样品中不同含量范围氟的分析方法,色谱条件为Dionex IonPacAS18分离柱(4 mm×250 mm),Dionex IonPac AG18保护柱(4 mm×50 mm),ASRS ULTRAⅡ自动再生微膜抑制器,电导检测器。采用纯水作为吸收介质,使样品溶液与标准溶液基体一致,过滤后可直接测定。样品溶液中常见的Cl-、NO3-、SO24-、PO43-、CO23-、HCO3-等阴离子不干扰F-的测定。为消除样品热解过程中产生的乙酸干扰,对氟含量较高(xx～xxxμg/g)的样品,采用20 mmol/L的NaOH淋洗液等度淋洗,进样体积为25μL;对氟含量较低的样品(0.x～xμg/g),进样体积为100μL。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较好的稳定性,检出限为0.5 mg/kg,适用于痕量分析;应用于灌木枝叶和茶叶等4个氟含量较高(xx～xxxμg/g)的植物标准物质的测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)<6%(n=6);应用于低氟的小麦粉和大米粉样品测定,加标回收率为90%～110%,可以满足不同氟含量植物样品中氟测定的需要,具有自动化程度高、操作简单、对环境友好等特点。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钼矿石中钼铅铁铜

建立了能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钼矿石中钼、铅、铁、铜的方法,讨论了粒度效应、矿物效应的影响因素,确定了采取粉末样品,用系列标准样品建立工作曲线,通过元素间相互校正消除基体效应,用内控标准样品考察了方法的精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.44%～15.4%。实际样品的测定结果和化学法相符,可满足日常分析工作需要。     

Determination of Rare Earth Elements and Y in Ultramafic Rocks by ICP-MS After Preconcentration Using Fe(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 Coprecipitation

A simple and reliable method to separate rare earth elements (REE) from Mg, Fe, K, Na, Ca and Ba in ultramafic rocks has been developed, thereby concentrating their abundances. The sample (0.3 g) was digested with HF and HNO₃ in a PTFE bomb, placed in a stainless steel container and, after drying, the insoluble residue was dissolved in 6 ml of 10% v/v HNO₃. Following the addition of 50% triethanolamine and 30% m/v NaOH solution, the REE were precipitated along with Mg(OH)₂, such that the majority of Fe, K and Na in the solution could be separated by centrifuging. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 ml HNO₃ and a buffer solution of NH₄Cl/NH₄OH at pH = 9.0 was added to precipitate the REE along with any remaining Fe as Fe(OH)₃, and so achieve separation from Mg, Ca and Ba, which remained in the solution. In this way, REE could be separated from major elements and were concentrated by a factor of about 60. The recovery of REE was more than 95% using this method. Four ultramafic rock reference materials, PCC-1 (USGS), JP-1 (GSJ), DZE-1, DZE-2 (IGGE) and one new proficiency testing sample GeoPT12 (GAS Serpentinite) were analysed by ICP-MS using indium as an internal standard. The quantitation limits were about 0.02–0.2 ng g⁻¹. Smooth chondrite-normalised REE patterns were obtained with a precision for REE determination of about 2–9%.     

离子色谱法测定矿物包裹体中阴离子

本文介绍了用离子色谱法同时测定矿物包裹体中F~-、Cl~-、PO_4~(3-)、Br~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)6种阴离子的新方法。研究了流动相浓度对保留时间的影响以及消除负峰干扰的方法。     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.     

Pressurised Extraction Using Dilute Ammonia: A Simple Method for Determination of Iodine in Soil, Sediment and Biological Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

A simple sample treatment method for the accurate and precise determination of iodine in soil, sediment and biological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. Iodine in samples was extracted in screw top PTFE-lined stainless steel bombs using a 10% v/v ammonia solution at 185 C for 18 hours (overnight), after which the extract was introduced into the ICP-MS for direct measurement. ¹²⁶Te was employed as the internal standard to compensate for matrix effects and instrument drift. The limit of detection (LOD, three times the standard deviation of the procedural blank solution, expressed as the concentration in the sample solution) was 0.003 ng ml-^-1. The limit of quantitation (LOQ, ten times the standard deviation of the procedural blank solution, expressed as the concentration in the solid samples, dilution factor DF = 100) was 0.01 μg g-^-1 (dry mass). The accuracy and precision of the method were demonstrated by analysing different Chinese geological certified reference materials (soils, stream sediments and a hair sample). The measured concentrations were in a good agreement with the certified values indicating that bias in the method was not significant. The precision (n = 10) for different concentrations ranged from 1.82% to 4.32% RSD. Comparison of the ammonia extraction procedure with a "sintering" method indicated that there was no significant difference in results obtained with the two methods for geological soil and stream sediment samples. However, for biological samples, such as hair, kelp, tea etc., the results obtained by the sintering method were far below those of the ammonia extraction method. The ammonia extraction has advantages, as it is simpler than the "sintering" method, and has a lower procedural blank, better detection limits and reproducibility. Due to the simplicity of the method, a high rate of sample throughput is possible.