鸡西盆地张新地区浅成侵入体对砂岩储层粘土矿物的影响

射线衍射分析测试方法对鸡西盆地张新地区浅成岩侵入后上下盘砂岩储层中的粘土矿物进行分析,粘土矿物具有3种组合形式：①伊蒙混层＋伊利石＋绿泥石±高岭石±绿蒙混层组合;②伊利石＋绿泥石±伊蒙混层组合;③伊蒙混层＋高岭石＋伊利石＋绿泥石组合。上盘围岩伊利石平均相对含量随远离辉绿玢岩体的距离增大而减少,伊蒙混层、高岭石、绿泥石平均相对含量增大;下盘围岩伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石平均相对含量随远离辉绿玢岩体的距离增大而增加,伊蒙混层平均相对含量减少。伊利石和高岭石相对含量的增加与其对孔隙度的影响效果相反;伊利石和绿泥石相对含量的增加对渗透率的影响效果相反。     

马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组储层敏感性分析

马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组以湖相沉积为主,岩石类型多,主要为碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和火山岩.粘土矿物类型有伊/蒙混层、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和绿/蒙混层,以伊/蒙混层为主,缺乏蒙皂石.粘土矿物分布模式为不正常转化型.储层物性差,平均孔隙度为 2.1%~9.7%,渗透率一般小于 0.05×10-3μm2.孔隙类型有原生孔隙、溶蚀孔隙和裂缝,以溶蚀孔隙、晶间溶孔为主.芦草沟组具有强水敏、强速敏、强土酸敏、中等盐酸敏和中等盐敏特征.储层敏感性空间分布主要受沉积相控制.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长6储层敏感性研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长6超低渗透砂岩油藏储层为例,结合扫描电镜分析、岩芯样品鉴定、X-射线衍射分析和常规压汞试验分析等方法,对储层敏感性进行了深入的研究。重点分析了敏感性类型、伤害的程度和对储层的影响因素。研究结果表明:姬塬油田长6储层的主要黏土矿物为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层等,导致储层敏感性的主要因素是其中的绿泥石、高岭石和伊利石等黏土矿物。储层具有中等偏弱水敏、弱速敏、中等偏弱酸敏、弱碱敏、中等偏弱盐敏特征。储层敏感性整体呈弱敏感性。除此之外,姬塬地区储层的敏感性还与储层的物性和孔隙结构有关:储层孔隙结构的好坏对储层水敏性有直接影响;孔隙结构较差、喉道较细、分选性差的储层,易造成微粒堵塞喉道,速敏结果表现为速敏性强。     

两淮煤田石炭二叠系粘土矿物特征及其环境意义

应用差热分析，Ｘ衍射分析，透射电镜等测试手段，结合野外沉积环境，地球化学分析，对安徽两淮煤田石炭二叠系粘土矿物进行了系统的研究，主要粘土矿物有伊利石及其混层矿物，高岭石，绿泥石等，可划分为５种组合类型，即伊利石一伊／蒙混层一绿泥石组合，伊利石一伊／蒙混层组合，伊利石一伊／蒙混层一高岭石组合，高岭石一伊／蒙混层一伊利石组合的高岭石组合。不同的组合类型代表着一定的沉积环境和盆地水介质条件。其结构同其它     

大庆油田齐家-古龙地区扶余油层储层敏感性分析和预测

通过X射线和扫描电等方法，分析了扶余油层的敏感性和造成敏感性的原因，查明了储层中粘土矿物的含量，产状及分布特征。研究目的是为储层保护和改造提供依据。扶余油层中的粘土矿物主要有4种类型，即伊利石，高岭石，绿泥石以及不量混层粘土矿的，蒙皂石极少见。在相同的实验条件下，储层的速敏，水敏除与粘土矿物组成有关外，还受渗透视率制约。扶余油层速敏程度以中，强速敏为主，水敏程度以强水敏为主，其次为中水敏。     

广安地区侏罗系凉高山组粘土矿物研究

四川广安地区侏罗系粘土矿物类型主要为绿泥石、高岭石、伊蒙混层和伊利石;同一口井随着深度的增加,伊利石、绿泥石含量增加,伊蒙混层中的蒙脱石混层比降低。粘土矿物特征与储集层物性的相关性分析认为:伊蒙混层含量、伊利石含量均与储集层孔渗性能呈负相关,绿泥石与高岭石含量与储集层孔渗性呈正相关;通过对伊蒙混层中蒙脱石的混层比的计算,大多数为有序混层,说明该区凉高山组处于生油高峰期,这与岩石中TOC(%)介于0.8与1.3,Ro(%)介于0.7与1.2相吻合。     

广安地区侏罗系凉高山组粘土矿物研究

四川广安地区侏罗系粘土矿物类型主要为绿泥石、高岭石、伊蒙混层和伊利石;同一口井随着深度的增加,伊利石、绿泥石含量增加,伊蒙混层中的蒙脱石混层比降低。粘土矿物特征与储集层物性的相关性分析认为:伊蒙混层含量、伊利石含量均与储集层孔渗性能呈负相关,绿泥石与高岭石含量与储集层孔渗性呈正相关;通过对伊蒙混层中蒙脱石的混层比的计算,大多数为有序混层,说明该区凉高山组处于生油高峰期,这与岩石中TOC(%)介于0.8与1.3,Ro(%)介于0.7与1.2相吻合。     

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷低渗储层敏感性机理分析及分布预测

为了准确认识和预测伊通盆地鹿乡断陷储层敏感性的分布,从实验分析入手,测量不同样品的敏感性、物性和粘土矿物等参数,结合铸体薄片、压汞、扫描电镜等实验方法,从宏观和微观2个角度分析了储层敏感性与孔隙度、渗透率与各类粘土矿物相对含量之间的关系,分析了储层敏感性与储层的孔喉类型和粘土矿物产状之间的关系,建立了不同微相控制下的孔隙度、渗透率、粘土矿物含量、石英和长石含量的解释模型.最后,选取孔隙度、渗透率、石英含量、长石含量、伊利石含量、高岭石含量、绿泥石含量、伊/蒙混层含量8个参数,采用Elman神经网络方法分别建立了速敏、水敏、酸敏和碱敏的预测模型.结果表明:采用神经网络方法预测的储层敏感性指数与实验结果吻合;五星构造带具有强的速敏、酸敏、碱敏和盐敏,鹿乡断陷中部和西北部具有强的水敏性.      

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘C-P煤系致密砂岩储层敏感性分析

鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区上古生界致密砂岩储集层中矿物组成多样、孔隙结构复杂且黏土矿物含量高,直接影响储层改造和开发效果。文章基于X 衍射、铸体薄片、气测孔渗、压汞和敏感性实验,系统研究了储层敏感性及其影响因素。结果表明研究区砂岩中石英和岩屑含量高,长石含量较低,以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩为主。黏土矿物主要为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石以及伊/蒙混层;储层普遍低孔低渗,孔隙结构较差。速敏以太原组最强,山西组最弱,与伊利石+绿泥石含量正相关,高岭石含量负相关。水敏下石盒子组最强,太原组最弱,与伊/蒙混层含量正相关。盐敏与水敏有类似特点,与伊/蒙混层含量表现出正相关。酸敏山西组最强,下石盒子组最弱,与绿泥石和铁白云石矿物含量正相关。碱敏性山西组最强,太原组最弱,受长石、石英和高岭石含量影响。相关认识有助于指导研究区钻井、压裂等施工工艺选择和排采控制。     

蒙脱石+伊/蒙混层+伊利石等粘土矿物混合物相X射线定量分析方法—模拟定量法

本文提出粘土矿物(特别是含伊/蒙不规则混层粘土矿物)混合物相的X射线定量分析方法——模拟定量法。着重解决在蒙脱石-不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物-伊利石组合中,伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的定量分析计算。模拟定量法是对以前的各种粘土矿物X射线定量分析方法的补充。用纯净的蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石及各种伊/蒙混层比的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物,配制了各种不同组合的粘土矿物混合样品,制成定向薄膜片,进行了X射线分析,讨论了各种组合的粘土矿物混合物相X射线衍射图谱的特征,并在此基础上提出了粘土混合物相定量分析的方法。     

Clay Minerals in an Active Hydrothermal Field at Iheya‐North‐Knoll,Okinawa Trough

Iheya‐North‐Knoll is one of the small knolls covered with thick sediments in the Okinawa Trough back‐arc basin. At the east slope of Iheya‐North‐Knoll, nine hydrothermal vents with sulfide mounds are present. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 331 studied Iheya‐North‐Knoll in September 2010. The expedition provided us with the opportunity to study clay minerals in deep sediments in Iheya‐North‐Knoll. To reveal characteristics of clay minerals in the deep sediments, samples from the drilling cores at three sites close to the most active hydrothermal vent were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The sediments are classified into Layer 0 (shallow), Layer 1 (deep), Layer 2 (deeper) and Layer 3 (deepest) on the basis of the assemblage of clay minerals. Layer 0 contains no clay minerals. Layer 1 contains smectite, kaolinite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral. Layer 2 contains chlorite, corrensite and chlorite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral. Layer 3 is grouped into three sub‐layers, 3A, 3B and 3C; Sub‐layer 3A contains chlorite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral, sub‐layer 3B contains chlorite/smectite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals, and sub‐layer 3C contains chlorite and illite. Large amounts of di‐octahedral clay minerals such as smectite, kaolinite, illite and illite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral are found in Iheya‐North‐Knoll, which is rarely observed in hydrothermal fields in mid‐ocean ridges. Tri‐octahedral clay minerals such as chlorite, corrensite and chlorite/smectite mixed‐layer mineral in Iheya‐North‐Knoll have low Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios compared with those in mid‐ocean ridges. In conclusion, the characteristics of clay minerals in Iheya‐North‐Knoll differ from those in mid‐ocean ridges; di‐octahedral clay minerals and Fe‐poor tri‐octahedral clay minerals occur in Iheya‐North‐Knoll but not in mid‐ocean ridges.     

Characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality: Huagang Formation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin

Abstract

The characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats.     

泥质岩成岩作用中的黏土矿物研究

文章通过对泥质岩的黏土质矿物组分、成岩作用中黏土质矿物变化综合研究,认为泥质岩中存在大量黏土矿物,且泥质沉积物由松散到固结成岩实质上是黏土矿物组成的变化。泥质岩中主要黏土矿物包括高岭石、蒙皂石、绿泥石、伊利石以及其组成的混层型矿物伊利石/蒙皂石、绿泥石/蒙皂石,其成岩过程可划分为成岩早期的压实阶段、成岩晚期的黏土矿物转化阶段。压实阶段的泥质沉积物中黏土矿物具有物源的继承性、沉积水体古环境指示意义;受压实作用孔隙水、层间水被排出,原生絮凝团被压破,使片状质点趋于平行排列,黏土矿物与孔隙水发生反应,亦形成少量的新生作用矿物,因而黏土矿物具继承源和新生作用源特性。成岩晚期阶段发生层间水释放及层间阳离子交换,从而使得矿物晶体结构与成分发生变化,主要表现为一元黏土矿物向二元混层型转化,最后再到一元型黏土矿物的转化,最终形成转变源黏土矿物。     

南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物源分析

应用X射线衍射(XRD)对南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物黏土组分进行分析,结果表明,研究区黏土矿物总体以伊利石和绿泥石为主,高岭石和蒙脱石质量分数少,绿泥石、高岭石与蒙脱石质量分数呈明显的负相关关系。根据南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物中黏土矿物空间分布特征,结合邻近河流的黏土矿物组分以及洋流搬运作用,雷州半岛东部海域伊利石主要来源于广东沿海河流和珠江,绿泥石来自台湾岛,蒙脱石主要由吕宋河流提供,高岭石则由广东沿海河流和海南岛入海河流提供;雷州半岛西部海域伊利石来源于珠江,绿泥石和高岭石由红河提供,蒙脱石可能受广西入海河流携带的沉积物影响。     

上新世以来伊豆-小笠原海脊黏土矿物的来源与古气候意义

对伊豆-小笠原海脊(ODP 782A孔)上新世以来沉积物中黏土矿物的组成、含量及矿物学特征进行了分析,结果表明:黏土矿物以伊利石(42%)和蒙皂石(42%)为主,绿泥石的平均含量为14%,高岭石的含量最低,平均仅为2%。伊利石的结晶度较好,平均为0.25°Δ2θ;化学指数较低,平均为0.31;表明伊利石主要形成于干冷的气候环境。通过将ODP 782A孔黏土矿物组合特征和含量与周边可能源区对比,并结合伊利石和蒙皂石的矿物学参数特征,我们认为蒙皂石主要来源于伊豆-小笠原海脊周边岛弧火山物质;伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石主要来自亚洲大陆风尘。上新世以来(伊利石+绿泥石)/蒙皂石比值总体上呈增加的趋势,并且在5.3~3.6、3.6~1.6、1.6~0 Ma的三个阶段表现出不同的变化特征,该比值与全球深海δ¹⁸O值所记录的全球变冷、北太平洋ODP 885/886孔风尘通量和灵台黄土沉积速率,以及日本海U1430站伊利石/蒙皂石比值所指示的亚洲内陆干旱变化的总体变化趋势和阶段性变化的时间点大致同步,表明该比值敏感地响应了全球变冷和亚洲内陆的干旱。上新世以来(伊利石+绿泥石)/高岭石比值表现为高/低交替变化,分别与中国灵台黄土磁化率高/低变化相对应,由于黄土磁化率记录了亚洲内陆干/湿变化,因此该黏土矿物比值敏感地响应了亚洲内陆的古气候变化,因而可以作为可靠的亚洲大陆干/湿变化示踪指标。     

Provenance of Clay Minerals in the Amami Sankaku Basin and Their Paleoclimate Implications Since Late Pleistocene

We analyzed the clay mineral assemblages, content and mineralogical characteristics of Hole U1438A sediment recovered from Amami Sankaku Basin during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 351. The results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of illite (average 57%), smectite (average 26%), chlorite (average 14%) and minor kaolinite(average 3%). The crystallinity of illite in all samples are good (<0.4 Δ° 2θ), and the chemical indexes of illite in all samples are low (<0.4). Both indicate that illite in Hole U1438A formed in cold and dry climate. By comparing clay mineral assemblages of hole U1438A and the potential sediment sources, we suggest that smectite be mainly derived from the volcanic materials around Amami Sankaku Basin. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are mainly derived from the Asian dust. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite show a phased increase over the last 350 ka, which is consistent with the cold and drying trend of the Asian continent since late Pleistocene. The high ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite and (illite+chlorite)/kaolinite during glacial period indicate that much more Asian dust was input into the Amami Sankaku Basin, which are responded to the aridity of Asian continent and strengthened east Asian Monsoon during glacial period.