成像测井在台缘斜坡礁滩微相研究中的应用——以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸中部卡洛夫阶—牛津阶为例

以成像测井资料为基础,开展了土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸中部的中上侏罗统卡洛夫阶—牛津阶台缘斜坡礁滩沉积微相研究。首先利用岩心、薄片等资料对成像测井进行标定,在成像测井上识别出障积礁、粘结丘、高能生物碎屑滩、低能生物碎屑滩、低能砂屑滩、礁(滩)间和斜坡泥等7种沉积微相。然后通过对不同类型沉积微相的成像测井响应特征进行研究,建立了研究区碳酸盐岩成像测井相模式,主要包括亮斑相、暗斑相、低阻交错层状相、低阻变形层状相、互层相、块状相等6类,并以此为依据进行了连续的单井成像测井相划分与沉积微相解释。最后对沉积微相与储层物性关系进行了研究,认为研究区卡洛夫阶—牛津阶储层主要为裂缝-孔隙型礁滩储层,有利于储层发育的沉积微相主要为高能生物碎屑滩、低能砂屑滩、障积礁、低能生物碎屑滩和粘结丘,礁(滩)间和斜坡泥微相的岩性相对较致密,储层一般不发育。     

建设施工场地适宜性评价及地质灾害防治措施探析——以广东佛山某房地产项目建设场地为例

以广东佛山房地产项目建设场地为评估区域,为保证工程场地施工安全,对建设场地适宜性进行评估尤为重要。本文在对研究区地质条件进行分析的基础上,对该房地产项目建设场地进行适宜性评价,并提出拟采取的防治措施和建议。结果表明：研究区建设场地适宜性差,工程防治地质灾害难度大,可能遭受采空区地面塌陷的可能性较高,对拟建工程影响较大。预测研究区的主要地质灾害为采空区地面塌陷、地面沉降、基坑边坡崩塌/滑坡和填方边坡崩塌/滑坡。在防治治理过程中,应采取有效性、经济性和可操作性强的防治措施,确保工程建设和运行安全。     

基于环境地质问题的工程建设场地适宜性评价——以粤桂合作先行试验区广西江南片区为例

本文以粤桂合作先行试验区广西江南片区为例,通过野外调查查明该区的主要环境地质问题,最终选取地质灾害、挖填土不均匀沉降、洪水淹没区三个主要环境地质问题为评价因子,开展基于环境地质问题的工程建设场地适宜性评价.先进行单因子评价,再进行多因子综合叠加分析.按照取"差"原则,并且依照适宜性综合评价判断标准,将评价结果划分为四个等级,分别为适宜优区、适宜区、基本适宜区和适宜差区.评价结果表明:适宜优区面积为3.43 km2,占总面积的26.92%;适宜区面积为4.41 km2,占总面积的34.56%;基本适宜区面积为3.41 km2,占总面积的26.77%;适宜差区面积为1.44 km2,占总面积的11.29%.针对评价结果,提出防治对策与建议,预防和避免粤桂合作先行试验区重大工程建设在建中或建后遭受各种环境地质问题的危害,为政府和粤桂合作先行试验区管理部门的规划建设、灾害防治、工程治理措施等提供决策建议和地质技术支撑.     

致密砂岩气储层有效性识别和定量评价 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为例

储层有效性识别和定量评价是制约致密砂岩油气勘探的关键难题。以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为研究对象,从储层非均质性研究入手,开展砂岩微观—岩芯—测井尺度的细致观测,将含气储层砂岩划分为三种主要的岩石相,其中贫塑性颗粒岩屑石英砂岩构成了物性和含气性相对较好的有效储集岩石。运用薄片和岩芯数据标定不同岩石相的常规测井响应,建立了基于主成分统计分析的有效储集岩石测井识别模型,认识了有效储层的空间分布规律。将储层有效性研究从微观尺度的岩石相描述拓展到宏观尺度的量化表征,实现了致密砂岩气有效储集空间分布的定量评价。     

包裹体类型和成分特征在油气运移研究和油气储层评价中的应用——以赤水气田为例

包裹体类型和成分的不同,反映了油气的不同演化程度和不同运移期次。赤水地区二叠系、三叠系储层中有各种盐水包裹体和烃类包裹体。论述了不同世代胶结物中包裹体的类型特征和成分特征,及它们的划分标志。依据单个包裹体激光拉曼光谱测定数据,得出常规的包裹体中“甲烷基本浓度”,以及本次提出的甲烷/总有机组分含量比值和烷烃/总有机组分含量比值,并由此分析油气运移特征和进行储层评价。分析认为,在同一块岩样中,若存在两种以上明显的不同演化程度、不同有机组分的多种类型包裹体,则说明本区具有两次以上的油气运移。有利的油气储集层段应有较多的油气初次运移和二次运移的烃包裹体,尤其应有反映油气最终演化的有机组分标志。     

Origin and Distribution Factors of Sour Gases in Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block,Turkmenistan

Through the analysis of original carbon isotopes in the blocks on the right bank of the Amu Darya River, Turkmenistan, it can be firstly concluded that the carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the sour gas reservoirs belongs to the inorganic-origin gas. The origin of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block is thermochemical sulfate reduction from the detailed analysis of hydrocarbon source rocks data, reservoir characteristics, vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, and sour gas content. Then, the factors affecting the distribution of sour gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block were investigated by the analysis of conventional sour gas distribution factors including geological structure, fracture and fault, caprock integrity, sedimentary facies, reservoir types, lithofacies, the source of sulfur and so on. The following basic findings were achieved: ① The basement rift in the study area is conductive to the distribution of CO₂. The caprock integrity contributes to the concentration of CO₂. The gas reservoirs in the biological dike reefs, patch reefs and overthrust zones usually have medium CO₂ content. ② The geological structure and fracture caused the complexity of the distribution of H₂S. The gypsum-salt rock in upper Jurassic-Tithonian is an important sulphur source, and the main hydrocarbon source rocks are also the major sulfur source of H₂S gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the giant gypsum layers in the middle-upper Jurassic Callovian-Oxfordian and the upper Jurassic-Tithonian are conductive to preservation of H₂S, and the small openings and holes in the reservoir is also correlative to the distribution of H₂S. ③ The H₂S in the study area is mostly distributed in the formations with the geothermal temperature of higher than 100 ℃. The open platform deep-water sedimentary facies are harmful to the formation of H₂S. The patch reef and overthrust zones belong to the belts of low H₂S content, however, the biological dike reef zones belong to the belts of medium-high H₂S content. However, the origin and distribution factors of sour gases in natural gas reservoirs were obtained. At the same time, it was pointed out that more necessary and accurately quantitative research is still needed to determine the origin and distribution of acid gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan.     

典型电厂海洋CO2地质储存场地选址适宜性评估

我国华东和东部沿海地区分布有大量的火电、水泥和炼油等CO₂排放源,但由于距离陆域大中型沉积盆地较远,限制了规模化的深部咸水层CO₂地质储存工程选址。本文以华能玉环电厂为实例,开展了东海陆架盆地瓯江凹陷场地选址适宜性评估。通过瓯江凹陷CO₂地质储存地质条件分析,初步圈定出了发育有利储盖层的目标靶区,并依次开展了地质安全性和经济适宜性分析。利用碳封存领导人论坛潜力评估公式,计算了目标靶区推荐储层的单位面积储存潜力;并在构建综合储集条件、地质安全性条件和经济适宜性条件的指标体系基础上,开展了GIS多源信息叠加评估,在丽水西次凹内筛选出两处较好的场地。研究对开展该区海域CO₂地质储存选址具有一定的探索意义。     

Distribution Characteristics and Accumulation Model for the Coal‐formed Gas Generated from Permo‐Carboniferous Coal Measures in Bohai Bay Basin,China: A Review

Coal-formed gas generated from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures has become one of the most important targets for deep hydrocarbon exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin, offshore eastern China. However, the proven gas reserves from this source rock remain low to date, and the distribution characteristics and accumulation model for the coal-formed gas are not clear. Here we review the coal-formed gas deposits formed from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Bohai Bay Basin. The accumulations are scattered, and dominated by middle-small sized gas fields, of which the proven reserves ranging from 0.002 to 149.4×108 m3 with an average of 44.30×108 m3 and a mid-point of 8.16×108 m3. The commercially valuable gas fields are mainly found in the central and southern parts of the basin. Vertically, the coal-formed gas is accumulated at multiple stratigraphic levels from Paleogene to Archaeozoic, among which the Paleogene and PermoCarboniferous are the main reservoir strata. According to the transporting pathway, filling mechanism and the relationship between source rocks and reservoir, the coal-formed gas accumulation model can be defined into three types: "Upward migrated, fault transported gas" accumulation model, "Laterally migrated, sandbody transported gas" accumulation model, and "Downward migrated, sub-source, fracture transported gas" accumulation model. Source rock distribution, thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation capacity are the fundamental controlling factors for the macro distribution and enrichment of the coal-formed gas. The fault activity and the configuration of fault and caprock control the vertical enrichment pattern.